Оглавление
Группа авторов. Digitalisation in Europe 2020-2021
Table of contents
Overview
Digital transformation in Europe
Digital adoption rates (in %), by country
The EIB Corporate Digitalisation Index
EIBIS Corporate Digitalisation Index
EIBIS Corporate Digitalisation Index, by country
DESI and EIBIS Corporate Digitalisation Index, by country
Where do the European Union and the United States stand in digital adoption?
Digital adoption in the European Union and the United States in 2020
Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by year
Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms)
Box 1. Digital technologies in the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS)
Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by firm size
Share of employment in 2017 (% of employment), by firm size
Average firm size, number of employees and number of firms in the European Union and the United States in 2017
COVID-19 and the growing digital divide
Firms reporting that COVID-19 will lead to an increased use of digitalisation (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Investment priority over the next three years (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Digitalisation, intangible investment, innovation and firm productivity
Composition of investment (% of total investment)
Active innovators (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Productivity gap between digital and non-digital firms (difference in median log productivity) and share of exporters (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Digitalisation and the labour market
Employment growth over the past three years (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Distribution of average wage per employee (EUR per employee), by size and digital intensity
Firms investing in training of employees (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Digital technologies foster the green transition
Firms investing in measures to improve energy efficiency (% of firms) and share of total investment allocated to these measures (% of total investment), by size and digital intensity
Investments to tackle the impact of weather events and to reduce carbon emissions (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Identification of ICC (investment to address transition and physical risks of climate change) and digital profiles
ICC and digital profiles (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
ICC and digital profiles (% of firms), by country
Markets for environmental innovations (% of environmental innovators), by digital intensity
What are the barriers to digital transformation?
Management practices (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Digital infrastructure reported as an obstacle to investment (% of firms), by country
Download speed faster than 1/Gbs (% of households) and digital infrastructure as an obstacle to investment (% of firms), by country
Firms reporting that they are credit constrained (% of firms), by size and digital intensity
Policy implications
References
Austria. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (in %)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Belgium. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Bulgaria. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Croatia. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Cyprus. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Czechia. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Denmark. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Estonia. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Finland. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
France. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Germany. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Greece. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Hungary. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Ireland. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Italy. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Latvia. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Lithuania. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Luxembourg. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Malta. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
The Netherlands. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Poland. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Portugal. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Romania. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Slovakia. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Slovenia. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Spain. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Sweden. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
United Kingdom. Adoption of digital technologies (% of firms), by sector
Adoption of different digital technologies (% of firms)
Employment by firm size (% of employment) and digital adoption (% of firms), by firm size
Firms’ management practices and firms reporting COVID-19 will lead to an increase in the use of digitalisation (% of firms), by digital intensity
Appendix A: The EIB Corporate Digitalisation Index
Appendix B: Comparing EIBIS to other data sources
Share of firms using 3D printing according to Eurostat and EIBIS (in %), by country
Share of firms using big data according to Eurostat and EIBIS (in %), by country
ICT patents and digital infrastructure as obstacle, by country
Component on connectivity of the DESI index and component on digital infrastructure of the EIBIS Corporate Digitalisation Index, by country
Component on integration of digital technology of DESI and component of the EIBIS Corporate Digitalisation Index, by country
