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Группа авторов. Energy Storage
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Energy Storage
List of Contributors
Preface
1. Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Concentrating Solar Power Plants
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Technology
1.2.1 CSP Receiver Concepts
1.2.1.1 Parabolic Trough System
1.2.1.2 Linear Fresnel Reflector Systems
1.2.1.3 Central Receiver Plants
1.2.1.4 Dish System
1.3 Thermal Energy Storage in CSP
1.3.1 Active Two-Tank System
1.3.1.1 Active Two-Tank Direct
1.3.1.1.1 Active Two-Tank Indirect
1.3.2 Active Single-Tank Thermocline
1.3.3 Other TES Systems. 1.3.3.1 Packed-Bed Storage System
1.3.3.2 Passive Thermal Storage System
1.3.4 Types of Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
1.3.4.1 Sensible Energy Storage
1.3.4.2 Latent Heat Storage
1.3.4.3 Thermochemical Energy Storage
1.4 Corrosion Problem in TES-CSP System
1.5 Conclusion
References
2. Solar Thermal Power Plant with Thermal Energy Storage
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature Review
2.2.1 Power Installed Capacity of India
2.2.2 Energy Storage Systems
2.2.3 Thermal Storage Systems
2.3 Energy Demand of World
2.4 Experimental Set Up
2.4.1 Description of Experimental Set Ups
2.5 Experimental Data Analysis, Results and Discussions
2.5.1 Performance of Reflector Round the Year (Experimental Set up I)
2.5.1.1 Simulation Results
2.5.1.2 Typical PID of a Solar Module from ‘India One’ Solar Power Plant
2.5.1.3 Quantity of Steam to Turbine
2.6 Experimental Data Analysis, Results and Discussions
2.7 Conclusions
Symbols
Acknowledgement
References
3. Efficient Energy Storage Systems for Wind Power Application
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Energy Storage Devices
3.2.1 Electrical Energy Storage
3.2.1.1 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
3.2.1.2 Supercapacitors
3.2.2 Mechanical Energy Storage
3.2.2.1 Flywheel Energy Storage (FES)
3.2.2.2 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)
3.2.2.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage
3.2.3 Chemical Energy Storage
3.2.3.1 Battery Storage System (BSS)
3.2.3.2 Fuel Cells
3.2.3.3 Solar Fuel
3.2.4 Thermal Energy Storage
3.3 Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS)
3.4 Power Converter Topologies for Hybrid Energy Storage
3.4.1 Passive Topology
3.4.2 Semi-Active Topology
3.4.3 Active Topology
3.4.4 Comparison of Different Topologies
3.5 HESS Energy Management and Control
3.5.1 HESS Control Schemes
3.5.1.1 Classical Control Scheme
3.5.1.2 Intelligent Control Schemes
3.5.2 Comparison of Different Control Schemes
3.6 Applications of the Storage Technologies in Wind Power
3.6.1 Power Fluctuation Mitigation
3.6.2 Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)
3.6.3 Voltage Control Support
3.6.4 Oscillation Damping
3.6.5 Peak Shaving
3.6.6 Spinning Reserve
3.6.7 Time Shifting
3.6.8 Transmission Line Curtailment
3.6.9 Load Following
3.6.10 Unit Commitment
3.7 Conclusion
References
4. Advances in Electrochemical Energy Storage Device: Supercapacitor
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Types of Energy Storage Devices
4.3 Overview of Supercapacitor and Its Global Scenario
4.4 Status of Supercapacitor in India
4.5 Types of Supercapacitor According to the Energy Storage Mechanism
4.5.1 Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC)
4.5.2 Pseudocapacitor
4.5.3 Hybrid Supercapacitor
4.5.3.1 Composite Supercapacitor
4.5.3.2 Asymmetric Supercapacitor
4.5.3.3 Battery Type
4.6 Basic Components of Supercapacitor. 4.6.1 Current Collector
4.6.2 Electrode Materials
4.6.2.1 EDLC Materials
4.6.2.2 Pseudocapacitive Materials
4.6.2.2.1 Metal Oxides/Hydroxides
4.6.2.2.2 Metal Chalcogenides
4.6.2.2.3 Metal Nitrides/Phosphides
4.6.2.2.4 Conducting Polymers
4.6.3 Electrolytes
4.6.4 Binders
4.6.5 Separators
4.7 Conclusion
References
5. Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Cooling and Heating Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Classification of Storage Systems
5.3 Sensible Heat Storage
5.3.1 Water-Based Storage
5.3.2 Packed Beds
5.3.3 Aquifers
5.3.4 Borehole
5.4 Latent Heat Storage
5.4.1 Enhancement Methods for Thermal Conductivity Enhancement
5.4.1.1 Macro and Microencapsulation
5.4.1.2 Addition of Fins
5.4.1.3 Multiple PCM Technology
5.4.1.4 Immersion Through Material Pores
5.5 Thermochemical Heat Storage
5.5.1 Absorption Cycle
5.5.2 Adsorption Cycles
5.5.3 Chemical Reaction
5.6 Application of Thermal Energy Storage Systems
5.6.1 Absorption Refrigeration System
5.6.2 Solar Pumps Application in Space Cooling/Heating
5.6.3 Solar Pond Integrated Packed-Bed TES System for Space Heating
5.6.4 Solar FPC
5.6.5 Solar PV/T
5.6.6 Solar Air Heater
5.7 Design Problems
5.8 Conclusion
References
6. Optimistic Technological Approaches for Sustainable Energy Storage Devices/Materials
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Advancements in Supercapacitor Technology
6.2.1 The Current Global Supercapacitor Market
6.2.2 Challenges: From Lab to Market
6.2.3 Current Trends and Opportunities
6.2.4 Composites and Novel Architectures
6.2.5 Microsupercapacitors
6.2.6 Hybrid Supercapacitors
6.2.7 Flexible, Wearable and Smart Supercapacitors
6.3 Advancements in Battery Technology
6.3.1 Challenges
6.3.2 Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
6.3.3 Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
6.3.4 Lead Storage Battery
6.3.5 Sodium Sulphur Battery
6.3.6 Flow Batteries
6.3.7 Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs)
6.4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
7. Electro-Chemical Battery Energy Storage Systems A Comprehensive Overview
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Electro-Chemical Storage Devices
7.2.1 Definition and Types
7.2.2 Energy Storage Landscape and Benefits of ElectroChemical Storage
7.2.3 Drivers and Barriers in Implementation of Energy Storage Systems
7.3 Design and Performance Parameters for Electro-Chemical Storage
7.3.1 Design Basis for Large Storage Application
7.4 Case Study From Industry
7.5 Best Practices in Battery Maintenance
7.6 End of Life Cycle of Batteries
7.6.1 Major Recyclable Products from the Process
7.6.2 Disposal Measures
7.7 India Energy Storage Mission
7.8 Conclusion
References
8. Simulation of Charging and Discharging a Thermal Energy Storage System Involving Phase Change Material
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Design of Latent Heat Storage (LHS) System
8.2.1 Identification of Suitable PCM
8.2.2 Design of Heat Exchanger
8.2.3 Performance Evaluation
8.3 Analysis of Phase Change Systems
8.4 Simulation
8.4.1 Equations Involved
8.4.2 Modelling
8.4.3 Transient Analysis
8.5 Results and Discussion. 8.5.1 Scalability of Mesh
8.5.2 Melting
8.5.3 Solidification
8.5.4 Performance
8.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Abbreviation
References
Index
Also of Interest
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