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Группа авторов. Nanotechnology in Plant Growth Promotion and Protection
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Nanotechnology in Plant Growth Promotion and Protection. Recent Advances and Impacts
List of Contributors
Preface
1 Nanotechnology as a Smart Way to Promote the Growth of Plants and Control Plant Diseases: Prospects and Impacts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Nanofertilizers
1.2.1 Methods for Application of Nanofertilizers
1.2.1.1 Seed Priming
1.2.1.2 In Soil
1.2.1.3 Foliar Application
1.2.2 Possible Ways for Uptake and Translocation of Nanofertilizers in Plants
1.2.3 Macronutrient Nanofertilizers
1.2.4 Micronutrient Nanofertilizers
1.2.5 Non‐nutrient Nanofertilizers
1.2.6 Advantages of Nanofertilizers
1.2.7 Limitations of Nanofertilizers
1.3 Nanopesticides and Nanoantimicrobials
1.3.1 Nano‐Insecticides
1.3.2 Nanobactericides
1.3.3 Nanofungicides
1.3.4 Nano‐Antivirals
1.3.5 Advantages of Using Nanopesticides
1.3.6 Risks of Using Nano‐based Agrochemicals
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterialson Plants Growth
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of TiO2NPs Important for Biological Interaction
2.3 Pathways and Interaction of TiO2NPs with Plants
2.3.1 Foliar Exposure
2.3.2 Root Exposure
2.3.3 Seed Exposure
2.3.4 Interaction of TiO2NPs with Plants
2.4 Effect of Different Concentrations of TiO2NPs on Plants
2.5 Benefits of Using TiO2NPs Alone and in Complex Formulations on Plant Growth and Yield
2.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective
Acknowledgement
References
3 The Emerging Applications of Zinc‐Based Nanoparticles in Plant Growth Promotion
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Applications and Effects of Zn Based NPs on Plant Growth Promotion. 3.2.1 Zn NPs in Seed Treatments and Its Effects
3.2.2 Effects of Zn NPs on Seed Germination
3.2.3 Effects of Seed Treatment on Plant Growth
3.2.4 Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Effects of Zn NPs on Seed
3.3 ZnO NPs in Enhanced Plant Growth
3.3.1 Application Methods
3.3.2 Effects of Zn NPs on Plant Growth Promotion. 3.3.2.1 Effects of Zn NPs Via Foliar Application
3.3.2.2 Effects of Zn NPs Used in Agar Media and Hydroponic Application
3.3.2.3 Effects Zn NPs Through Soil Application
3.3.2.4 Effects of Zn NPs on Plant Physiological and Biochemical Changes
3.4 Zn NPs in Crop Protection. 3.4.1 Improvement on Disease Resistance
3.4.2 Enhancement of Stress Tolerance
3.5 Conclusions
References
4 Nanofertilizer in Enhancing the Production Potentials of Crops
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanofertilizers
4.3 Synthesis of Nanofertilizer
4.4 Uptake, Translocation, and Fate of Nanofertilizers in Plants
4.5 Percolation Studies to Assess Nutrient Release Pattern
4.6 Application of Nanofertilizers in Plants
4.7 Specific Properties of Nanofertilizers
4.8 Biosafety Issues in Nanofertilizer Application
4.9 Nanofertilizer Studies at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)
4.10 Conclusion
References
5 Potential Applications of Nanobiotechnology in Plant Nutrition and Protection for Sustainable Agriculture
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanomaterial in Sustainable Crop Production
5.2.1 Nanomaterial in Soil Management
5.2.2 Nanomaterials in Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE)
5.2.3 Nanomaterials in Plant Protection
5.2.3.1 Nanomaterials as Nano‐Pesticides
5.2.3.2 Nanomaterials as Nano‐Insecticides
5.2.3.3 Nanomaterials as Nano‐Fungicides
5.2.3.4 Nanomaterials as Nano‐Herbicides
5.3 Nanomaterials in Crop Improvement
5.3.1 Abiotic Stresses
5.3.1.1 Drought Stress
5.3.1.2 Salinity Stress
5.4 Nanomaterials in Plant Genetic Engineering
5.4.1 Nanoparticle's Mediated Transformation
5.4.2 Non‐vector Mediated Transformation
5.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges
5.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
6 Immunity in Early Life: Nanotechnology in Seed Science and Soil Feed
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Nano Frontiers in Agricultural Development. 6.2.1 Nanoagronomics
6.2.2 Smart Systems for Agrochemicals Delivery
6.2.2.1 Nanocapsules
6.2.2.2 Liposomes
6.2.2.3 Nanoemulsions
6.2.2.4 Nanogels
6.2.2.5 Nanoclays
6.2.2.6 Nanodispersions
6.2.2.7 Nanobionics
6.2.2.7.1 Nanosensors
6.2.2.7.2 Smartphone Apps and Internet of Things
6.3 Nanotechnology in Agriculture
6.3.1 Effects of Nanoparticles on Plants
6.3.2 Nanoparticle‐Plant Hormones Interactions
6.3.3 Effect of Nanoparticles on Crop Quality
6.4 Immunity in Early Life
6.4.1 Seed
6.4.2 Pre‐sowing Treatments and Priming as Tools for Better Seed Germination
6.4.3 Phenomenon of Seed Priming
6.4.4 Gene Therapy for Seed
6.4.5 Immuning Seeds Using Nanoparticles
6.5 Nanotechnology in Soil Feed and Waste Water Treatment
6.6 Conclusions
References
7 Effects of Natural Organic Matter on Bioavailability of Elements from Inorganic Nanomaterial
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Effect of Natural Organic Matter on Nanoparticles' Aggregation and Agglomeration
7.3 Natural Organic Matter Effects on Nanoparticles' Dissolution
7.4 Effect of Mutual Interactions of Natural Organic Matter and Nanoparticles on Their Bioavailability
7.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
8 Induction of Stress Tolerance in Crops by Applying Nanomaterials
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Impact of Stress on Crops. 8.2.1 Losses of Crops Due to the Main Stress Conditions
8.2.2 Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress
8.2.3 Plant Responses to Biotic Stress
8.3 Impact of Nanomaterials on Crops
8.3.1 Induction of Tolerance to Abiotic Stress by the Application of Nanomaterials
8.3.2 Induction of Tolerance to Biotic Stress by the Application of Nanomaterials
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Nanoparticles as Elicitors of Biologically Active Ingredients in Plants
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Routes of Exposure, Uptake, and Interaction of NPs into Plant Cells
9.3 Elicitation of BAIs of Plants by Nanoelicitors
9.3.1 Elicitation of Polyphenols by Nanoelicitors
9.3.2 Elicitation of Alkaloids by Nanoelicitors
9.3.3 Elicitation of Terpenoids by Nanoelicitors
9.3.4 Elicitation of Essential Oils by Nanoelicitors
9.4 Mechanism of Action of Nanoelicitors
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Dual Role of Nanoparticles in Plant Growth and Phytopathogen Management
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanoparticles: Notion and Properties
10.3 Mode of Entry, Uptake, Translocation and Accumulation of Nanoparticles in Plant Tissues
10.4 Nanoparticle–Plant Interactions
10.5 Impact of Nanoparticles
10.5.1 Influence of Nanoparticles on Photosynthesis
10.5.2 Nanoparticles in Plant Growth
10.5.3 Nanoparticles in Enhancement of Root and Shoot Growth
10.5.4 Impact of Nanoparticles in Phytopathogen Suppression
10.6 Conclusions
References
11 Role of Metal‐Based Nanoparticles in Plant Protection
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nanotechnology in Agriculture
11.3 Metal‐Based Nanoparticles in Plant Protection
11.3.1 Silver‐Based Nanoparticles
11.3.2 Copper‐Based Nanoparticles
11.3.3 Zinc‐Based Nanoparticles
11.3.4 Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles
11.3.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
11.3.6 Other Metal‐Based Nanoparticles
11.4 Possible Antimicrobial Mechanisms for Metal‐Based Nanoparticles
11.4.1 Cell Membrane Damage
11.4.2 ROS Generation
11.4.3 DNA Damage
11.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
12 Role of Zinc‐Based Nanoparticles in the Management of Plant Diseases
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Plant Diseases and Their Symptoms
12.3 Importance of Zn for Plants
12.4 Distribution of Zn in Plants
12.5 Efficiency of Zn in Plants
12.6 Deficiency Symptoms
12.7 Effects of Zn on Microbial Activity
12.8 Nanotechnology and Agriculture
12.9 Zn‐Based Nanoparticles in Plants
12.9.1 ZnONPs
12.9.1.1 Antimicrobial Activity
12.9.1.2 Seed Germination and Plant Growth
12.9.1.3 Mechanism of Action of ZnONPs
12.10 Conclusions
References
13 Effects of Different Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Effects of Nanoparticles on Plant Growth and Development
13.2.1 Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
13.2.2 Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
13.2.3 Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
13.2.4 Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
13.2.5 Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
13.2.6 Effect of Other Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
13.3 Mechanisms of Nanoparticles and Plant Interactions
13.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
14 Biostimulation and Toxicity: Two Levels of Actionof Nanomaterials in Plants:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Induction of Biostimulation or Toxicity in Plants Due to the Physical Properties of the NMs
14.3 Induction of Biostimulation or Toxicity in Plants Due to the Chemical Properties of NM Core and the Composition of Corona
14.4 Examples of Biphasic Phenotypic Responses of Plants to Nanomaterials Concentration
14.5 Conclusions
References
15 Toxicological Concerns of Nanomaterials in Agriculture
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Uptake and Translocation of Nanomaterials
15.3 Mechanisms and Factors Affecting Uptake and Translocation of Nanomaterials
15.4 Nature and Factors Affecting Nanomaterial Phytotoxicity
15.5 Non‐Metallic Nanomaterials. 15.5.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
15.5.1.1 Graphene Family Nanomaterials
15.5.1.2 Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles
15.5.1.3 Carbon Dots
15.5.2 Nanoclay‐Based Systems
15.5.3 Nano‐Hydroxyapatite (nHAP)
15.5.4 Nanoplastics
15.6 Metallic Nanoparticles. 15.6.1 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
15.6.2 Mn‐Based Nanoparticles
15.6.3 NiO Nanoparticles
15.6.4 ZnO Nanoparticles
15.6.5 TiO2 Nanoparticles
15.6.6 Au Nanoparticles
15.6.7 Cu‐Based Nanoparticles. 15.6.7.1 Cu Nanoparticles
15.6.7.2 CuO Nanoparticles
15.6.8 MgO Nanoparticles
15.6.9 CdS Nanoparticles
15.6.10 Fe‐Based Nanoparticles
15.6.11 Al2O3 Nanoparticles
15.6.12 Rare Earth Element Nanoparticles
15.6.13 Multi‐Metallic Nanoparticles
15.7 Alteration of Toxic Effects Caused by Nanomaterials; Co‐Exposure Experiments
15.8 Effects of Nanomaterials on Enzymatic and Non‐Enzymatic Defense Systems
15.9 Antioxidant‐Mediated Removal of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
15.10 Effects of Nanomaterials on Micro and Macro Organismal Communities Associated with Soil in Agroecosystems. 15.10.1 Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
15.10.2 Effects of Nanomaterials on Soil Dwelling Earthworms
15.10.3 Effects on Organisms Associated with Aquatic Ecosystems
15.11 Conclusions
References
Index. A
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