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Группа авторов. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Blackwell’s Five‐Minute Veterinary Consult. Clinical Companion. Equine Toxicology
Dedications
Contributor List
About the Companion Website
Chapter 1 Forensic Investigation of Equine Intoxications. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Laboratory Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 2 Necropsy Analysis. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPEUTICS
COMMENTS
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 3 Laboratory Testing Considerations. Background Information
Communication is Key
Common Terms and Definitions
Seeking a Laboratory
Samples
Potential Analytical Targets
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 4 Treating an Intoxicated Animal: Antidotes and Therapeutic Medications. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
THERAPEUTICS. Goals
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Antivenom
Chelating agents
Drug(s) of Choice
Detoxication
Medications
Alpha2‐adrenergic antagonists
Atropine (generic)
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Others
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 5 Compounded Medication
What is Compounding?
Toxicity and Compounding (see Figs 5.1–5.3)
Why Extra Caution is Needed for Compounded Products
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
section II. Specific Toxins and Toxicants
Chapter 6 Cobalt. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidote
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 7 Cocaine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Serum Samples/Urine Samples
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 8 Dermorphin. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Pathological Findings
Therapeutics
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 9 Growth Hormone and Secretagogues. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Antidotes
Appropriate Health Care
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 10 Marijuana. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Surgical Considerations
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 11 Methamphetamine/ Amphetamine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 12 Opioids. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics (based upon morphine – others may vary)
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry
Other Diagnostic Tests
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 13 Selective Androgen (SARMS) and Estrogen Receptor (SERMS) Modulators. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics. SARMs
SERMs
Toxicity. SARMs
SERMs
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Antidotes
Appropriate Health Care
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 14 Synthetic Cannabinoids. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 15 Antipsychotic Agents – Reserpine and Fluphenazine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 16 Benzodiazepines. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Continued Monitoring
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 17 Beta 2 Agonists – Clenbuterol and Albuterol. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostics
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 18 Bisphosphonates. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 19 Gabapentin. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Chapter 20 Iodine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Diagnostic Blood Tests
Other Diagnostic Tests
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 21 Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 22 Methylxanthine: Caffeine, Theobromine, Theophylline. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Etiology
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Endnote
Chapter 23 Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatoryDrugs (NSAIDs) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 24 Levothyroxine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 25 Vitamin D (Calciferol) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 26 Amitraz. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Surgical Considerations
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 27 Cholinesterase‐Inhibiting Carbamate Pesticides. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 28 Cholinesterase‐Inhibiting Organophosphate Pesticides. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 29 Fertilizers – Nitrates, Urea, Phosphates, and Others. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 30 Herbicides. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidote
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 31 Paraquat and Diquat. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 32 Pentachlorophenol (PCP) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 33 Pyrethrins and Pyrethroid Insecticides. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidote
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 34 Ionophores. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT AND HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 35 Ractopamine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 36 Zilpaterol. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 37 Arsenic. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings. Gross findings
Histopathologic findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 38 Fluoride. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES. Acute fluorosis
Chronic fluorosis
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. Acute
Chronic
DIAGNOSTICS. Other Diagnostic Testing
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 39 Iron. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. Adult horses
Foals
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings. Gross findings
Histopathological findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Antidote
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 40 Lead. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
Systems Affected
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 41 Selenium. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Acute
Chronic
Toxicokinetics
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES. Acute selenosis
Chronis selenosis
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. Acute selenosis
Chronic selenosis
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings. Acute selenosis
Chronic selenosis
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Antidotes
Drugs of choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 42 Aflatoxins. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 43 Fescue (Endophyte‐Infected Tall Fescue) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES. Historical Findings
Physical Examination
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 44 Fumonisins. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 45 Fusaria. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 46 Slaframine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 47 Tremorgenic Mycotoxins. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings – see “Risk factors.” Location and Circumstances of Poisoning – see “Risk factors.” CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 48 Clostridium botulinum Toxin. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 49 Cyanide. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 50 Sodium Chloride (Salt) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 51 Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 52 Blue‐green Algae (Cyanobacteria) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Microcystins
Anatoxin‐a
Anatoxin‐a(s)
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Decontamination
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 53 Cardiotoxic Plants. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 54 Day Blooming Jessamine (Cestrum diurnum) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidote
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 55 Death camas (Zigadenus spp.) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 56 Hemlock (Poison Hemlock – Conium maculatum; Water Hemlock – Cicuta spp.) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 57 Hoary Alyssum (Berteroa incana) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 58 Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 59 Kleingrass (Panicum coloratum) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 60 Lantana (Lantana camara) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Laboratory Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 61 Locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis) Poisoning in Horses. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
History
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS
Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 62 Narrowleaf Milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 63 Nightshades (Solanum spp.) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 64 Oleander (Nerium oleander and Cascabela thevetia) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 65 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
Physical Examination Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 66 Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 67 Rhododendron spp. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 68 Sudangrass (Sorghum spp.) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 69 Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 70 White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 71 Yellow Star Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidote
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 72 Yew (Taxus spp.) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Alternate Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
See Also
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 73 Anticoagulants. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidote
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 74 Bromethalin. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 75 Cholecalciferol. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 76 Phosphides. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 77 Sodium Fluoroacetate (Compound 1080) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 78 Strychnine. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidote
Drugs of Choice
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 79 Air Contaminants: CO, NH 3 , H 2 S. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
COMMENTS. Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 80 Smoke. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY. Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 81 Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 82 Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Toxicosis. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 83 Boxelder (Acer negundo) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 84 Oak (Quercus spp.) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Imaging
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Internet Resources
Suggested Reading
Chapter 85 Red Maple (Acer rubrum) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Alternative Drugs
COMMENTS. Client Education
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 86 Blister Beetles (Epicauta spp. and Pyrota spp.) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT
History/Location
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS
Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS
Patient Monitoring
Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 87 Snakes – Crotalids (Pit Vipers) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
History/Location
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Bicohemistry/Urinalysis
Other Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic imaging
THERAPEUTICS
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Patient Monitoring
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 88 Snakes – Elapids(Coral Snakes) DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes (see Chapter 4)
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
COMMENTS. Client Education
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
Chapter 89 Spiders – Brown Recluse and Black Widow. DEFINITION/OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. Mechanism of Action
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity
Systems Affected
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
Risk Factors
Historical Findings
Location and Circumstances of Poisoning
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS. CBC/Serum Chemistry/Urinalysis
Pathological Findings
THERAPEUTICS. Detoxification
Appropriate Health Care
Antidotes
Drugs of Choice
Precautions/Interactions
Surgical Considerations
COMMENTS. Prevention/Avoidance
Possible Complications
Expected Course and Prognosis
Abbreviations
Suggested Reading
appendix 1 Abbreviations
appendix 2 Herbicides
appendix 3 Information Resources for Toxicology. OVERVIEW
VETERINARY AND TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION RESOURCES
Specialists with In‐depth Expertise Relevant to Veterinary Toxicology
Principal Reference Books and Textbooks
Supportive Reference Books and Textbooks
Selected Veterinary Journals as References in Toxicology
Animal Poison Control Centers
Internet‐based Toxicology Resources
Index by Toxins and Toxicants
Index by Clinical Signs
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