Оглавление
Группа авторов. River Restoration
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
River Restoration. Political, Social, and Economic Perspectives
Series Foreword
Acknowledgments
List of Contributors
1 What are the Political, Social, and Economic Issues in River Restoration? Genealogy and Current Research Issues
1.1 Introduction. 1.1.1 River restoration at the heart of river management policies
1.1.2 An evolution in the positioning of societal issues in debates on river restoration
Box 1.1 River restoration: an “essentially contested concept”
1.1.3 What do we know about research on societal issues in the field of river restoration?
1.2 Genealogy of research on societal issues in river restoration
1.3 A scientific community organized regionally and occasionally around river restoration projects
1.4 A research field tackling several topics
1.4.1 Understanding human–river interactions in the context of river restoration
1.4.1.1 A broad public at the heart of the debate to characterize society’s support for river restoration projects
1.4.1.2 Approaches focused on the values associated with rivers
Box 1.2 The field survey: a structuring method for many societal approaches in the field of river restoration
1.4.1.3 Practices supposed to guide the values associated with rivers
1.4.2 Studying the political stakes of river restoration
Box 1.3 Documentation sources: material that is little valued in river restoration research
1.4.2.1 A focus on stakeholders of river restoration: the participatory approach
1.4.2.2 River restoration at the heart of power relationships: between conflict analysis and critical approaches
1.4.2.3 A political look at the place of science in river restoration practice
1.4.3 Economic evaluation of river restoration
1.4.3.1 Contributions focused on the evaluation of benefits of river restoration
1.4.3.2 What river restoration benefits are we talking about? The ecosystem services approach
Box 1.4 Economic methods: assessing the benefits of river restoration
1.5 A diversity of researchers’ positions with regard to operational action
1.6 A book to share a diversity of societal approaches in the field of river restoration. 1.6.1 What will you find in this edited book?
1.6.2 Who is this book aimed at?
References
Notes
2 Ethics of River Restoration: The Imitationist Paradigm
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Three challenges of river restoration
2.2.1 Challenge 1: the connectedness of rivers
2.2.2 Challenge 2: human habitation
2.2.3 Challenge 3: multiple stakeholders
2.3 Restoration ecology as a type of biomimicry
2.4 Conclusions
References
Notes
3 Restoring Sociocultural Relationships with Rivers: Experiments in Fluvial Pluralism
3.1 Introduction
3.2 What is river restoration?
3.3 Placing river restoration in its biophysical and sociocultural contexts
3.4 Emerging approaches to knowing and valuing rivers differently in Aotearoa New Zealand
3.4.1 Te Ao Māori, the Māori world
3.4.2 Colonization, transformation, and the case for restorative justice
3.4.3 Co‐management plans for restoration of the Waikato River that build on kaitiakitanga (guardianship)
3.4.4 Re‐framing relations to the river through emerging policy frameworks
3.4.5 The rights of the Whanganui River: the agency of the river
3.4.6 Reconceptualizing river restoration in Aotearoa New Zealand
3.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Notes
4 Political Ecology and River Restoration
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Political ecology: A critical approach to environmental issues
4.3 Political ecology and river restoration. 4.3.1 The relevance of political ecology to river restoration
4.3.2 Whose interpretation of the river counts?
4.3.3 Identifying underlying economic (structural) determinants of river restoration
4.3.4 Whose knowledge counts?
4.3.5 Whose “nature” counts?
4.4 Restoring the ecological continuity of rivers: Controversies involving different meanings of the river
4.5 Conclusions: What does political ecology have to offer river restoration?
References
Notes
5 The Policy and Social Dimension of Restoration Thinking: Paying Greater Attention to “Interdependency” in Restoration Governing Practice
5.1 Introduction. 5.1.1 Importance of the policy and social dimension of river restoration
5.1.2 River restoration and “interdependency”
5.2 River restoration and the importance of interdependencies between public policies and between public and private rights
5.3 River restoration and interdependencies in territorial construction
5.4 River restoration and interdependencies of sciences and knowledge forms
Box 5.1 Blueprint for an empirical case study: restoring the Ciron river, south‐west France
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 From Public Policies to Projects: Factors of Success and Diversity Through a Comparative Approach
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Toward a multifunctional, ecosystem‐based paradigm for river restoration
6.3 Political factors that determine river restoration
6.3.1 Funding mechanism
6.3.2 Regulatory framework
6.3.3 Governance process
6.4 Field‐testing the river restoration new paradigm: from operation acceptance to rejection
6.4.1 River restoration projects led by public actors in developing countries: the case of the Bogotá River (Bogotá, Colombia)
6.4.2 River restoration projects led by public actors in developed countries: the case of the Besòs River (Barcelona, Spain)
6.4.3 River restoration projects rejected by local communities: the case of the Mactaquac Dam (Canada)
6.4.4 Comparative reading of the case studies on restoration acceptance
6.5 Conclusions
References
Notes
7 How to Better Involve Stakeholders in River Restoration Projects: The Case of Small Dam Removals
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The role of stakeholders in dam removal in two different institutional contexts
7.2.1 Regulatory frameworks in France and USA
7.2.2 Interviews methods to analyze stakeholders involvement
7.2.3 Dam removal case studies in France and the USA
7.3 From the involvement of the stakeholders to the enrichment of the project
7.3.1 A project initially builds by ecologically driven stakeholders
7.3.2 A project enriched by considering a rising demand expressed by other stakeholders
7.4 Some key points to improve stakeholders’ involvement
7.4.1 Stakeholders and scales: uses and issues, a new geography of stakeholders
7.4.2 Convincing or consulting?
7.4.3 Inevitable power relations
7.5 Conclusions
References
Notes
8 Letting the Political Dimension of Participation in River Restoration have its Space
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Participation and river restorations
8.3 Participation in Swiss river management
8.3.1 Participation from a national perspective
8.3.2 Feedback from river restoration projects
8.3.2.1 The Thurauen project
8.3.2.2 The River Seymaz restoration project
8.3.2.3 The La Foce project
8.4 Processes of depoliticization at work
8.4.1 Dynamics of inclusion and exclusion
8.4.2 Questioning the prevalence of expertise
8.4.3 Negating the conflict
8.5 Recommendations for taking into account the political dimension of participation
8.5.1 Allowing the controversy to emerge
8.5.2 An open design process
8.5.3 Acknowledging the production of new political subjects
8.6 Conclusions
References
9 What is the Total Economic Value of River Restoration and Why is it Important?
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Defining and valuing the total economic value of river restoration. 9.2.1 Interactions between people and rivers
9.2.2 Economic values and valuations
9.3 Estimation and application of river restoration total economic value. 9.3.1 Separate versus single study approaches
9.3.2 River restoration TEV estimates and applications
9.4 Conclusions
References
Notes
10 Valuation of Ecosystem Services to Assess River Restoration Projects
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Ecosystem services and river restoration
10.1.2 River restoration and ecosystem services conflicts
10.1.3 Temporal and spatial heterogeneities of ecosystem services
10.1.4 Values and valuation of ecosystem services of river restoration
10.2 Analytical framework of ecosystem services valuation
10.3 Case studies of ecosystem services valuations in river restoration project assessments
10.3.1 Assessing the economic feasibility of river restoration: the Yarqon River
10.3.2 Mapping the ES benefits and disbenefits in restored river landscapes: the Caldes stream
10.3.3 Recording residents’ recreation use an their assessments of river scenarios benefits: the Wigger river
10.4 Case studies analysis: valuation of ES for assessing river restoration projects
10.4.1 Addressing the selection of ES and the assessment of conflicts in river restoration project assessments
10.4.2 Approaching the temporal and spatial scale of river restoration project assessments
10.4.3 Selecting an adequate ecosystem services valuation method for river restoration project assessments
10.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Notes
11 Public Perspectives of River Restoration Projects
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theoretical foundations of public perspectives
11.2.1 Public perception of river functions
11.2.2 People–place relationships
11.3 Two empirical examples of how to include residents’ perspectives
11.3.1 Residents’ perceptions of the peri‐urban river Wigger in Switzerland
11.3.1.1 Measurement of residents’ perspectives of the Wigger river
11.3.1.2 Residents’ relationships to the Wigger river
11.3.2 Public perceptions of the construction of longitudinal training dams in the river Waal in the Netherlands
11.3.2.1 Evaluation of the river dams’ impact on residents’ perspectives of the Waal river
11.3.2.2 Changes of residents’ perceptions of the Waal river
11.3.2.3 Changes of residents’ sense of place related to the Waal river
11.4 Conclusions and Implications
11.4.1 Importance of including residents’ perspectives
11.4.1.1 Public perceptions of river functions
11.4.1.2 Residents’ relationships toward rivers
11.4.1.3 The benefits of including residents’ perspectives in river restoration projects
11.4.2 Implications for scientists and practitioners
Acknowledgments
References
12 Social Surveys: Methods for Taking into Account Actors’ Practices and Perceptions in River Restoration
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Survey methods for studying the social dimensions of river restoration
12.2.1 Understanding river practices to better anticipate the social effects of restoration projects
12.2.2 Acknowledging people’s expectations and opinions on restoration projects
12.2.3 Monitoring and evaluating the impact of a river restoration project’s implementation
12.3 Choosing between interviews and questionnaires for river restoration surveys
12.3.1 Interviews and questionnaires: differences and complementarities
12.3.2 Interviewing and analyzing interview data. 12.3.2.1 An adaptable method for collecting and producing a comprehensive set of data
12.3.2.2 Qualitative content analysis
12.3.3 Questionnaires: specificities of data collection and analysis. 12.3.3.1 Standardized data collection
12.3.3.2 Quantitative data analysis
12.3.4 A focus on the use of photography in social surveys
12.4 Conclusions
References
Notes
13 Documents on River Restoration: Temporal and Spatial Analyses of Written Discourses
13.1 Introduction
13.2 What kind of documentary material can be used for what purpose?
13.2.1 Building a corpus: the initial stage of documentary analyses
13.2.2 Scientific publications: identifying trends in river restoration research
13.2.3 Newspaper articles: highlighting social problems and controversies
13.2.4 Administrative documents: understanding river restoration practices and public policies
13.3 What are the methods of documentary analysis and what results do they produce?
13.3.1 Methods of bibliometric analysis: counting the number of documents
13.3.2 Content analysis: categorizing documentary discourse
13.3.3 Textual data analysis: analyzing the use of the words in context
13.3.4 Methods of qualitative analyses: creating documented narratives
13.4 When to use a documentary approach? The pros and cons compared to survey methods
13.5 Conclusions
References
Notes
14 Participatory Approaches: Principles and Practices for River Restoration Projects
14.1 Introduction
14.2 What are good practice principles for participatory river restoration?
14.2.1 Having clear goals
14.2.2 Identifying the stakeholders, and ensuring inclusiveness and equity
14.2.3 Taking into account the context
14.2.4 Promoting empowerment
14.2.5 Being transparent
14.2.6 Allocating sufficient resources
14.2.7 Evaluating the participatory process
14.3 What methods could be used for participatory river restoration?
14.3.1 Information provision regarding restoration projects
14.3.2 Consultation on potential restoration decisions
14.3.3 Active involvement in decision‐making and implementation
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 Economic Benefits: Operationalizing their Valuation in River Restoration Projects
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Main phases of a valuation study and points of attention
15.2.1 Phase 1: Defining the objectives of the valuation study
15.2.2 Phase 2: Understanding the river system and its uses
15.2.2.1 Defining the river system limits and identifying the ecosystem services provided without restoration
15.2.2.2 Identifying the population concerned by river restoration
15.2.2.3 Defining the proposed restoration scenarios and the subsequent changes in ecosystem services provision
15.2.3 Phase 3: Implementation of monetary valuation methods
15.2.3.1 Diversity of valuation methods
15.2.3.2 Criteria for choosing a valuation method
15.2.3.3 Collecting data
15.2.3.4 Estimating, extrapolating, and aggregating values
15.2.4 Phase 4: Communicating values to the public
15.3 Conclusions
References
Note
16 Social, Economic, and Political Stakes of River Restoration : A Dynamic Research Field Facing Several Challenges to Strengthen Links with Practitioners
16.1 Humanities and social sciences now fully engaged within the field of restoration
16.2 Analysis of people–river relationships: from ethics to politics
16.3 Understanding of governance and power relationships between stakeholders
Box 16.1 Social conditions and influences on riverbank restoration in the Long Semadoh Highland areas of the Heart of Borneo, Malaysia
16.4 Evaluation of socioeconomic effects of river restoration projects
Box 16.2 Multiple Benefits of Riverine Ecosystem Restoration in California’s Central Valley
16.5 Strengthening collaborations between HSS and restoration stakeholders
References
Notes
Index
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