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Группа авторов. A Companion to Hobbes
Blackwell Companions to Philosophy
A Companion to Hobbes
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Notes on Contributors
Introduction: The Presentation and Structure of Thomas Hobbes’s Philosophy
1 The Presentation of Hobbes’s Major Writings
2 The Organization of A Companion to Hobbes
2.1 First Philosophy, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy
2.2 Human Nature and Morality
2.3 Civil Philosophy
2.4 Religion
2.5 Controversies and Reception
3 Strategies for Unity among the Parts of Hobbes’s Philosophy
4 Conclusion
References
Abbreviations for Citations to Hobbes’s Works
Notes
1 Hobbes’s Unified Method for Scientia
1.1 Method, Science, and Hobbes’s Project
1.2 Hobbes’s Method for Scientific Knowing
1.3 Analyses and Syntheses Reinterpreted in Context
1.4 Conclusion
References
Notes
2 The Stoic Roots of Hobbes’s Natural Philosophy and First Philosophy
2.1 Stoic Sources
2.1.1 Tertullian
2.1.2 Neo-Stoicism
2.1.3 The Cavendish Circle
2.2 Stoic Roots. 2.2.1 Space and Body
2.2.2 Time and Mind
2.2.3 Causality
2.2.4 God
2.3 Conclusion
Notes
References
3 Hobbesian Mathematics and the Dispute with Wallis
3.1 The Hobbesian Philosophy of Mathematics
3.1.1 Hobbes’s Mathematical Ontology
3.1.2 Hobbes on Geometric First Principles
3.1.3 The Status of Algebraic and Infinitesimal Methods
3.2 The Dispute with Wallis
3.2.1 Origins of the Dispute
3.2.2 The Method of Motion and Hobbes’s Geometric Ambitions
3.3 Conclusion
Notes
References
4 Explanations in Hobbes’s Optics and Natural Philosophy
4.1 Statements about the Relationships amongthe Parts of Philosophy
4.2 Hobbesian Optics: The Visual Line and the Optic Axis in De Homine II
4.3 Hobbesian Natural Philosophy: Sense in De Corpore XXV
4.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
5 “A Most Useful Economy”: Hobbes on Linguistic Meaning and Understanding
5.1 Cognition and the Signification of Signs
5.2 The Uses of Names
5.3 Truth and Propositional Judgments
5.4 Understanding Linguistic Signs
5.5 Conclusion
References
Notes
6 Hobbes’s Theory of the Good: Felicity by Anticipatory Pleasure
6.1 Four Distinct Questions about Goodness and “Good”
6.2 The Meaning of “Good”: The Customary vs. Reforming Sense
6.3 What Makes a Life Good: Anticipatory Pleasure
6.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Notes
7 In Search of “A Constant Civill Amity”: Hobbes on Friendship and Sociability
7.1 Hobbesian Friendship: Power and Contract
7.2 Friendship: Glue or Solvent?
7.3 True Friendship: Virtue or Vice?
7.4 Sociability: Natural Remedy or Prescription Drug?
7.5 Conclusion: A Constant Civil Amity
References
Notes
8. Hobbes on Power and Gender Relations
8.1 Dominion and Gender Relations
8.2 Sexual Stratification Without Domination
8.3 The Alternative Model: Deference
8.4 Deference and Gender Relations
Conclusion
Notes
References
9 The State of Nature as a Continuum Concept
9.1 What Is the State of Nature? 9.1.1 The Condition of Atomistic Asocial Individuals
9.1.2 A Condition Absent Law
9.1.3 A Condition of the Rightful Exercise of Private Judgment
9.2 The State of Nature as a Continuum Concept
9.3 Conclusion: What Difference Does It Make to the Interpretation of Hobbes Whether States of Nature and Civil Societies Lie on a Continuum or Are Instead Diametrically Opposed?
Notes
Bibliography
10 Hobbes’s Minimalist Moral Theory
10.1 Textual Arguments for the Minimalist Theory
10.2 Problem Cases: Cruelty and Covenants
10.3 Analytical Arguments for the Minimalist Theory
10.4 Comparison with Other Interpretations
10.5 Conclusion
Notes
References
11 Hobbesian Persons and Representation
11.1 Of Authors, Actors and Authorization
11.2 Of the Person of the State
11.3 Conclusion
Notes
References
12 Hobbes’s Account of Authorizing a Sovereign
12.1 Hobbes’s Account
12.2 Contracts and Covenants
12.3 Erecting a Common Power
12.4 The Simple Account
12.5 Problems with the Simple Account
12.6 The First Step
12.7 Leviathan, the Person
12.8 The Second Step
12.9 The Interval Between the Steps
12.10 Counter-Evidence and Hobbes’s Defense
12.11 Conditionality
12.12 Conclusion: Implications of the Complex Account
References
Notes
13 The Strength and Significance of Subjects’ Rights in Leviathan
13.1 Hobbes’s Theory of Rights
13.2 The Absolutism of the Hobbesian Sovereign Precludes Strong Rights for Subjects
13.3 Against the Orthodoxy: Hobbesian Rights Are Not All Hohfeldian Liberty Rights
13.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
14 Hobbes on Sovereignty and Its Strains
14.1 What Is a Sovereign?
14.2 Sovereignty and the Causes of State Collapse
14.3 The Rights of the Sovereign
14.4 The Limits of Sovereign Rights
14.5 The Strains of Sovereignty
14.6 Conclusion
Notes
References
15 Hobbes on International Ethics
15.1 States of War
15.2 A Naturalistic Conception of the Law of Nations
15.3 De cive: States as Rights-Bearing Persons
15.4 Leviathan: Jus Gentium and the Office of the Sovereign
15.5 Justice and Just War as Merely Requiring Right Intention
15.6 Conclusion
Notes
References
16 Against Philosophical Darkness: A Political Conception of Enlightenment
16.1 Institutional Darkness: Why Schools Don’t Matter So Much
16.2 Linguistic Darkness: The Language of the State Against Scholastic Neo-Latin
16.3 Metaphysical Darkness: Essences Are Not Separate Entities
16.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
17 Hobbes on Submission to God
17.1 Kingdom of God by Nature
17.2 Exclusion from the Natural Kingdom
17.3 Omnipotence and Subjects
17.4 Atheists and Deists
17.5 Natural Subjects and Acknowledgment
17.6 God’s Dominion
17.7 Obligation
17.8 Acknowledgment
17.8.1 “Voluntary”
17.8.2 Faith
17.8.3 Submission
Conclusion
Notes
References
18 Thomas Hobbes and the Christian Commonwealth
18.1 The Christian Commonwealth in Hobbes’s Major Texts
18.2 Hobbes and the Christian Commonwealths of Rome and Canterbury
18.3 Hobbes and the Christian Commonwealth of the Sects
18.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
19 Hobbes and Toleration
19.1 Sin and Godly Rule: Hobbes, Toleration, and the Clergy
19.2 The State and Religious Liberty: Belief
19.3 The State and Religious Liberty: Action
19.4 Public Worship, the Untying of the Knots, and Religious Liberty
19.5 Conclusion
References
20 Hobbes, Rome’s Enemy
20.1 Bellarmine as Hobbes’s Target
20.2 Papal Indirect Power between Nostalgia and Innovation
20.3 Varieties of Anti-Romanism
20.4 Rome v. Hobbes
20.5 Conclusion
Notes
References
21 Hobbes and the Papal Monarchy
21.1 Hobbes and the Papal Monarchy, a Neglected Subject
21.2 Hobbes and the Ghost of the Roman Empire
21.3 Hobbes’s Analysis of the Papal Monarchy
21.4 Hobbes and the Corpus Mysticum
21.5 Decline of the Papal Monarchy, Aristotelianism, and Islam
21.6 Hobbes Roman Law and the Persona Ficta
21.7 Conclusion
Notes
References
22 Body and Space in Hobbes and Descartes
22.1 Body. 22.1.1 Hobbes on Body and Accident, Real and Imaginary Space
22.1.2 Contrasting Hobbes and Descartes on Body
22.2 Space and Void. 22.2.1 Hobbes and Descartes on Void Space
22.2.2 Hobbes’s Case Against Void Space
22.3 Imaginary Space and Immobility
22.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
23 Hobbes’s Mechanical Philosophy and Its English Critics
23.1 Hobbes’s Mechanical Philosophy
23.2 English Critics of Hobbes’s Mechanical Philosophy
23.3 Robert Boyle and Hobbes
23.4 Henry More and Hobbes
23.5 Conclusion
References
24 Cudworth as a Critic of Hobbes
24.1 Introducing Cudworth
24.2 Hobbes and Atheism in the True Intellectual System
24.2.1 An Argument for Atheism
24.2.2 Cudworth’s Arguments That We Do Have an Idea of God
24.2.3 Cudworth’s Response to Arguments That We Have No Idea of God
24.3 Morality in the Treatise on Eternal and Immutable Morality. 24.3.1 The Structure and Topics of the Treatise
24.3.2 Against the View That Morality Depends on Decision
24.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
25 Cavendish and Hobbes on Causation
25.1 Natural Philosophy and Causation
25.2 Entire or Principle Causes
25.3 External Objects as Necessary and Sufficient for Proper Perception
25.4 Nature as the Principal Cause
25.5 Determinism?
25.6 Conclusion
Notes
References
26 Striving, Happiness, and the Good: Spinoza as Follower and Critic of Hobbes
Fundamentals of Moral Motivation
Critique of Scholasticism
Hobbes on Motivation
Spinoza on Motivation
Striving and Essence
Spinoza on Striving and Essence
Hobbes on Striving and Essence
Action, Artifice, and Civil Life
Striving, Happiness, and the Good
Hobbes on Happiness and the Good
Spinoza on Happiness and the Good
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Notes
Works Cited
27 Hobbes and Astell on War and Peace
27.1 Astell on Hobbes and “Just Causes”
27.2 Astell and Hobbes on the Maintenance of Peace
27.3 Astell on Women and Peace
27.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
28 Hobbes and Hume on Human Nature: “Much of a Dispute of Words?”
28.1 Selfishness and Psychological Egoism
28.2 Selfishness and Sympathy
28.3 Selfishness and Innate Appetites
28.4 Two Images of Human Nature
28.5 Conclusion
Notes
References
29 He Shows “Genius” and Is “More Useful than Pufendorf”: Kant’s Reception of Hobbes
29.1 A Paradoxical Thinker in Whose Writing Genius Reigns
29.2 Leviathan and the Power of Analogy
29.3 The Power of Psychology: Hobbes’s Method
29.4 Conclusion
Notes
References
30 Catharine Macaulay and the Reception of Hobbes During the Eighteenth Century
30.1 Hobbes in the Eighteenth Century
30.2 Macaulay’s Loose Remarks
30.3 Conclusion
Note
References
Index
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