Civl society

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Table of Contents

Foreword

From the Community of Citizens to the Civil Society. Political Participation in Antiquity and Modern Times

Introduction

1. Ancient political practice: Organisation, participation, and dichotomy

2. Ancient political theory: Anthropology and participation in the best state

3. From the community of citizens to the civil society: The modern era

(i) Individuality

(ii) Independence

(iii) Society

4. On the topicality of also thinking of the “civil society” as a “community of citizens”

5. Community policy empathy as a civil right and obligation

The Civil Society and the Bourgeoisie

Citizen society, civil society, and the bourgeoisie

The genesis of the “bourgeois society” in the Habsburg monarchy

The “second society” and the middle classes

1848 – “… bourgeois revolution” –?

Neo-absolutism – restoration or bourgeois control?

The brief reign of the liberal bourgeoisie

The weaknesses of the bourgeoisie of the Habsburg monarchy

1918 – the end of the bourgeois world?

Material deprivation – political disorientation?

End of the bourgeoisie?

Fundamental Principles of the Civil Society. Which Trends Do We Need to Protect Ourselves Against?

1. Fundamentals of a Western-style civil society

2. Intellectual challenges facing Western civil societies

3. Indispensable rules for a civil society

4. Radicalism as an acceptable ferment; extremism as a poison to be eradicated

5. Current trends threatening the civil society

6. Lessons to be heeded

The Phenomenology of the Civil Society

Ambivalences

1. The moderate state

2. Areas of freedom

3. The moderate market

4. Liberal care

5. Anti-bureaucracy

6. Commitment

Résumé

The Civil Society – A (neo-?) Liberal Project

Criticism of the active state

The civil society as humus for democracy

Conflicts as a guarantee for freedom

Criticism of the civil society

Stabilisation of society

The Civil Society – Cure-All for Democracy or Just a Sweet Dream? A Plea for a Regulatory Policy for the Commitment Society

What is the civil society?

The civil society as a therapy against disenchantment with politics?

Do state friendliness and constitutional patriotism have an effect?

Decreasing willingness for commitment or new forms?

Is the civil society a suitable stopgap?

Christian-Democratic parties – reliable partners?

A regulatory policy for the civil society as a model for solution?

No engagement politics without family politics?

Is the dialogue behaviour of politics, the parties, and the state an obstacle?

The Civil Society between the Poles of Security and Freedom

Missing: Bridge Builders – Considerations on the Polarisation of Western Societies and How This Can Be Overcome

1. Different moral worlds

2. More in common

3. Us versus them

4. Building bridges – but how?

4.1 The significance of narratives

4.2 Confirmation bias

4.3 For an open and fair debate culture

Participation, Codetermination, Moralisation: How Social Movements Have Changed

Rereading Marcuse

Expansion of the political arena

Change is possible

Society as a patchwork

Moralisation of politics

Beyond partisan mentality

Living opinion market

The Sensitive “I” Thoughts on an Insecure Society between Digitalisation and Hyper-Individualisation

The State and the Civil Society – or the Citizen Society? Casting a Glance at Light and Shade

1. Civil society is ambivalent

2. Civility

3. Liberal state and civil religion

4. Civil society versus consumer society in the mass democracy

5. The state and the much-vaunted “civil society”

6. Social society and democracy within their limits

7. Apologia for a conservative culture

8. Civil society versus depoliticisation and moralisation

A Community of Free and Responsible People

Why a civil society is necessary

Free and responsible

Subsidiarity and Solidarity as Cornerstones

Action instead of Words

Holistic Concept of Work

Trust as a Key Category

The Civil Society and Artificial Intelligence – Trends and Challenges for Dealing with AI in the European Union

1. Introduction

2. Example Cases. 2.1. Austria’s AMS Algorithm

2.2. “SyRI” in the Netherlands

2.3. School Marks in Great Britain

3. European and national institutions between market efficiency and human rights

4. List of demands from the digital-political civil society and universities

Measure 1: Algorithmic Impact Assessment (AIA)

Measure 2: A Public European ADM Register

Measure 3: State and Civil-Society Supervision

Measure 4: Capacity Building – Training for Politics and the Civil Service

Measure 5: Basic Digital Education in Schools

Measure 6: Basic Digital Education in Adult Education

5. Conclusion

Civil Society: Key Activities of the Political Academy

The Social Contract in Change

The “New Civil Society”: A State that Gives its Citizens Space to Breathe

A Civil Society in Europe? Strong Impulses from the Regions. Europe and Society Start at Home – On the Effective Power of Applied, Initiated Formats of Encounter and Dialogue in the Regional, as well as Cross-border, Context

1. The effect of direct contacts between citizens

2. The effectiveness of intervention in the village, city, and region

3. Case studies. 3.1. Wertebündnis Bayern

An excerpt from the projects of the Bavarian Values Alliance:

3.2. Industry, economy, school, and profession: StartNet Europe

3.3. Interior Ministry plus civil society: Solidarity through Participation

3.4. euforia, Switzerland

4. Conclusion

Make Austria Flourish! The Role and Potential of Active Charitable Foundations for Society and the State

Introduction

It is a matter of both/and

The development of the foundation system3. A social innovation is born

The golden age in the medieval period and Renaissance

Secularisation breaks through

The century of stagnation

The charitable foundation sector in comparison. A glance at the neighbours

Differences in donation behaviour

The charitable foundation sector and charitable benefits in Austria. The years of renewal

The “previous” legal and tax situation in Austria

The diversity of the sector

What the sector needs

The future of philanthropy. Force social impact 11

Make new sponsorship models possible

New trends

The civic foundation

Résumé

Annex

“Cooperative?” “Nobody will come!” On the Rediscovery of an Often-Underestimated Legislation and Organisational Form

Preliminary note

1. Cooperative?

2. Cooperatives worldwide – historical development and the present day

3. Cooperatives and their characteristics

Fundamental characteristics of cooperatives:

4. Cooperatives as a solution – for many problems of our time

5. Cooperatives – a genuine alternative for healthy economics

Social Entrepreneurship: Attempt at a Classification within the Civil Society

Change of scene

We change the scene once again

Any time left for another example? OK then

Social entrepreneurship and the civil society

The civil society is not without presuppositions

Mind your own business

Good news for the civil society

Raw material for the civil society of the future: data

Conclusion

The Civil Society – the Family as a Learning Environment

1. Civil society. 1.1 Definition of the term

1.2 Image of humanity and understanding of society

1.3 Negotiating conflicting goals

2. The family as a learning environment. 2.1 Acceptance of personal responsibility

2.2 Theoretical model instead of an ideal

2.3 Continuity and nearness

2.4 Self-efficacy and deficit experience

2.5 Diversity and dynamism

2.6 Conflicts of detail and compromise

Conclusion

A Person with Courage Inspires Courage. The Example of Kolping Austria

Commitment for young people

Support of families

Commitment for the elderly

Strengthening democracy

Commitment for Europe

Dedication for the “one world”

Act sustainably

Final remarks

The Protection of Life in the Civil Society

1. Civil society needs a positive image of humanity

2. The civil society takes a position – but never against people

3. Civil society needs compassion

4. The civil society needs professionalism

5. The civil society needs scope for action and financial security

6. Civil society needs constructive dialogue and answers from the state

7. Civil society needs independent, informed citizens and trust

Lived Civil Society Needs More Trust! On the Connection Between Civil-Society Commitment, Social Welfare, and Community Service as Reflected in Regulatory Policy

The special regulative merits of the third sector

The threat and preservation of the merits of the third sector

Trust and effect-orientation as the keys

Emmaus – From Paris to St. Pölten. Social Work Concerns Us All

My friends, help!

It became possible in the “glass shards” district

A place for all generations to live and work

(Former) guests become volunteer helpers

Authors

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