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Группа авторов. Climate Impacts on Sustainable Natural Resource Management
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Climate Impacts on Sustainable Natural Resource Management
About the Editors
List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
1 Impact of Local REDD+ Intervention on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
1.1 Introduction. 1.1.1 Tropical Deforestation
1.1.2 REDD+
1.1.3 REDD+ in Indonesia
1.2 Materials and Methods. 1.2.1 Spatial Dataset
1.2.2 Carbon Stock in Each Land Cover Class
1.2.3 Change in Carbon Stock and CO2 Emission
1.2.4 Historical Baselines and Future Trajectories
1.3 Results. 1.3.1 Annual GHG Emissions
1.3.2 Historical Baselines and Future Trajectories
1.4 Discussion
1.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Author Contribution
List of Appendix
References
2 Role of Geospatial Technologies in Natural Resource Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Applications of Geospatial Technology in Natural Resource Management. 2.2.1 Forest Management
2.2.2 Water Resource Management
2.2.3 Water Quality Monitoring
2.2.4 Agriculture
2.2.5 Combating Desertification
2.2.6 Biodiversity Management
2.3 LiDAR Technology
2.4 Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing
2.5 Machine Learning Tools for Natural Resource Management
2.6 Applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Natural Resource Management
2.7 Google Earth Engine as a Platform for Environmental Monitoring and NRM
2.8 Conclusion
References
3 Estimation of Snow Cover Area Using MicrowaveSAR Dataset
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification Technique
3.2.1 Unsupervised Classification
3.2.1.1 H A Alpha Unsupervised Classification
3.2.1.2 Wishart H A Alpha Unsupervised Classification
3.2.2 Supervised Classification
3.2.2.1 Wishart Supervised Classification
3.2.2.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM) Supervised Classification
3.3 Statistical Parameters
3.3.1 Mean
3.3.2 Standard Deviation
3.3.3 Coefficient Variance
3.3.4 Equivalence Number of Looks (ENL)
3.4 Error and Accuracy Assessment
3.4.1 Confusion Matrix
3.4.2 Commission Error
3.4.3 Omission Error
3.5 Study Area
3.6 Methodology
3.7 Result and Discussion
3.8 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
4 Forest Cover Change Detection Across Recent Three Decades in Persian Oak Forests Using Convolutional Neural Network
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods. 4.2.1 Study Area
4.2.2 Dataset
4.2.3 Image Pre‐processing
4.2.4 Image Classification
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
5 The Interlinked Mechanisms of Productivity for Developing Process‐Based Forest Growth Models
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Productivity: Definition and Associated Components
5.3 Various Processes and Components Driving Forest Productivity
5.3.1 Photosynthesis
5.3.2 Light Interception
5.3.3 Stomatal Conductance
5.3.4 Leaf Area Index
5.3.5 Gas‐Exchange
5.3.6 Plant Respiration
5.3.7 Hydrology
5.3.8 Nitrogen Cycle
5.3.9 Litterfall
5.4 Different Approaches to Productivity Assessment
5.5 Evolution of Process‐Based Models
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Allometric Equations for the Estimation of Biomass and Carbon in the Sub‐tropical Pine Forests of India
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Species of Pine in India and its Associates
6.1.2 Uses of Chirpine
6.2 Chir Pine – a Boon or Bane?
6.3 Forest Carbon and Forest Biomass
6.4 Composition of Forest Biomass
6.4.1 Indian Forest Biomass and Carbon Estimates
6.4.2 Importance of Forest Biomass Estimation
6.5 Allometric Equations for Biomass Estimation
6.5.1 How Are Allometric Equations Developed?
6.6 Biomass and Carbon Stock Estimation in Chir Pine Forests of India Using Allometric Equations
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 Characterization of Stress‐Prone Areas for Dissemination of Suitable Rice Varieties and their Adoption in Eastern India: An Integrated Approach toward Food Security
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Characterization of Stress‐Prone (Flood and Drought) Areas in Eastern India: Geo‐Spatial Based Studies (Submergence and Drought)
7.1.2 Eastern India (Submergence Study – Assam)
7.1.3 Eastern India (Drought Study – Uttar Pradesh)
7.1.4 Rice‐Growing Environments in India and Constraints
7.1.5 Abiotic Stress in the Context of Rice Production
7.2 Materials and Method (for Submergence‐prone: Assam)
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.4 Conclusions
References
8 Farmers' Perspective and Adaptation Efforts to Tackle the Impacts of Climate Change
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.3 Results and Analysis. 8.3.1 Trends in Rainfall Patterns. 8.3.1.1 Trends in Annual Rainfall
8.3.1.2 Trends in Rainy Days
8.3.1.3 Trends in Actual and Normal (Expected) Rainfall for Every Month
8.3.2 Impact of Climate Change on Farmers. 8.3.2.1 Demographic Profile of the Respondents
8.3.2.2 Livelihood
8.3.2.3 Pests and Diseases
8.4 Understanding the Farmer's Perception of Climate Change
8.5 Adaptation Efforts
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Multicriteria Drought Severity Analysis in Monaragala District Sri Lanka by Utilizing Remote Sensing and GIS
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methodology. 9.2.1 Study Area
9.2.2 Data Sources and Data Collection Techniques
9.3 Meteorological Drought of Monaragala District
9.4 Agricultural Drought of Monaragala District. 9.4.1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
9.4.2 Vegetation Condition Index (VCI)
9.5 Hydrological Drought of Monaragala District
9.6 Drought Risk Area Map of Monaragala District
9.7 Conclusion and Recommendations
9.8 Conclusion
9.9 Recommendation
References
10 Comparative Evaluation of Predicted Hydrologic Response Under Two Extremities of Sustainability Using Transformed Landuse‐Landcover and CORDEX‐Based Climatic Scenarios: A Case Study of Kangshabati River Basin, West Bengal
10.1 Introduction
10.2 A Brief Account of the Kangshabati River Basin, the Study Area
10.3 Data and Methodological Description
10.3.1 Model Data Input
10.3.2 Land Change Scenarios Using Idrisi Land Change Modeler (LCM)
10.3.3 SWAT Model Setup for Simulating Hydrologic Responses
10.4 Results and Observations
10.4.1 Trends in Climatic Indicators
10.4.2 Trends in Land Use and Land Cover Change Scenarios
10.4.3 Trends in Volumetric Runoff
10.4.4 Trends in Surface Runoff
10.5 Conclusion
References
11 Riverine Health a Function of Riverscape Variable: A Case Study of the River Ganga in Varanasi
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Material and Methods. 11.2.1 Study Area
11.2.1.1 Sampling Zones
11.2.1.2 Survey Sites
11.2.2 Data Collection. 11.2.2.1 Water Sample Collection and Analysis
11.2.2.2 Survey Method
11.2.3 Statistical Analysis. 11.2.3.1 Cluster Analysis
11.2.3.2 Correlations Between Land Use Classes and Water Quality Parameters
11.3 Result and Discussion. 11.3.1 Land Use and Water Quality
11.3.2 Land Use and Biodiversity
11.3.3 Land Use and Societal Perceptions
11.3.3.1 Livelihood Earners Perceptions
11.3.3.2 Tourists' Perception
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Socio‐Economic Impacts of Climate Change
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Trends in Climate Variables
12.3 Welfare Impact of Climate Change
12.4 Impact on Agriculture
12.5 Impact of Climate Change on Society
12.5.1 Food Security
12.5.2 Labor Productivity
12.5.3 Health and Nutrition
12.5.4 Adaptation Risk and Potential
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 The Political Economy of Vulnerable Environment in the Age of Climate Change: A Kerala Experience
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Climate Change in Kerala
13.3 Climate and Sea Level Change Projections
13.4 Natural Disasters Associated with Climate Change
13.5 The Political Economy of Climate Change and Associated Disasters
13.6 Who Are the Affected?
13.7 Conclusion and Suggestions
References
14 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Changes in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia: Explore the Impact of the LULC Changes on Land Surface Temperature (LST)Using Remote Sensing
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Effectiveness of Usage of Satellite Imagery in Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Change
14.3 The Impact of LULC Changes on Land Surface Temperature (LST)
14.4 Methodology. 14.4.1 Cameron Highlands
14.4.2 Data Collection
14.4.3 Field Verification
14.4.4 Image Processing
14.5 Land Use/Cover Changes in Cameron Highland from 2009 to 2019
14.5.1 Accuracy Assessment
14.6 Land Surface Temperature Analysis of Comparative Sensors between Landsat Satellite Data and MODIS
14.7 The LULC Effect on LST in Cameron Highlands
14.8 Conclusions
References
15 Emerging Roles of Osmoprotectants in Alleviating Abiotic Stress Response Under Changing Climatic Conditions
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Role of Osmoprotectant Under Abiotic Stress
15.3 Role of Osmoprotectants Under Drought Stress
15.4 Role of Osmoprotectants Under Salinity Stress
15.5 Role of Osmoprotectants Under Cold Stress
15.6 Role of Osmoprotectants Under Submergence Stress
15.7 Role of Osmoprotectants Under Low Light Stress
15.8 Mechanisms of Osmoprotectants Under Multiple Abiotic Stress
15.9 Approaches to Improve Osmoprotectants to Confer Abiotic Stress Tolerance
15.10 Metabolic Engineering Approach
15.11 Future Prospect for Osmoprotectants Under Changing Climatic Conditions
References
16 Growth Variability of Conifers in Temperate Region of Western Himalayas
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Material and Methods. 16.2.1 Study Area
16.2.2 Collection of Core Samples
16.3 Results
16.4 Discussion. 16.4.1 Species‐Wise
16.4.2 Site‐Wise
16.4.3 Diameter Class‐Wise
16.5 Conclusion
References
17 Process‐Based Carbon Sequestration Study with Reference to the Energy‐Water‐Carbon Flux in a Forest Ecosystem
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Concept of Soil‐Vegetation‐Atmosphere‐Transfer (SVAT)
17.3 History of Flux Measurements and Recent Advances‐Different Methods
17.4 Exchange Flux Measurements over Forest Ecosystems
17.4.1 Fast Response System: Eddy Covariance or Eddy Correlation Measurements
17.4.2 Slow‐Response System. 17.4.2.1 Bowen Ratio Measurements
17.4.2.1.1 Bowen Ratio Method
17.4.2.1.2 Fetch Requirements
17.4.2.2 Aerodynamic Flux Profile Method
17.5 Ecosystem Flux Measurements Network Worldwide and Indian Scenario
17.5.1 The Worldwide Network: The FLUXNET
17.5.2 Scenario in India and Prospects
17.5.3 The Proposed Concept of IndoFlux
17.6 State of the Current Knowledge at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
17.7 Research Gaps and Future Needs
17.8 Conclusion
References
Index. a
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