Machine Learning Paradigm for Internet of Things Applications

Machine Learning Paradigm for Internet of Things Applications
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MACHINE LEARNING PARADIGM FOR INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS As companies globally realize the revolutionary potential of the IoT, they have started finding a number of obstacles they need to address to leverage it efficiently. Many businesses and industries use machine learning to exploit the IoT’s potential and this book brings clarity to the issue. Machine learning (ML) is the key tool for fast processing and decision-making applied to smart city applications and next-generation IoT devices, which require ML to satisfy their working objective. Machine learning has become a common subject to all people like engineers, doctors, pharmacy companies, and business people. The book addresses the problem and new algorithms, their accuracy, and their fitness ratio for existing real-time problems. Machine Learning Paradigm for Internet of Thing Applications provides the state-of-the-art applications of machine learning in an IoT environment. The most common use cases for machine learning and IoT data are predictive maintenance, followed by analyzing CCTV surveillance, smart home applications, smart-healthcare, in-store ‘contextualized marketing’, and intelligent transportation systems. Readers will gain an insight into the integration of machine learning with IoT in these various application domains.

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Группа авторов. Machine Learning Paradigm for Internet of Things Applications

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Guide

Pages

Machine Learning Paradigm for Internet of Things Applications

Preface

1. Machine Learning Concept–Based IoT Platforms for Smart Cities’ Implementation and Requirements

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Smart City Structure in India. 1.2.1 Bhubaneswar City

1.2.1.1 Specifications

1.2.1.2 Healthcare and Mobility Services

1.2.1.3 Productivity

1.2.2 Smart City in Pune

1.2.2.1 Specifications

1.2.2.2 Transport and Mobility

1.2.2.3 Water and Sewage Management

1.3 Status of Smart Cities in India

1.3.1 Funding Process by Government

1.4 Analysis of Smart City Setup

1.4.1 Physical Infrastructure-Based

1.4.2 Social Infrastructure-Based

1.4.3 Urban Mobility

1.4.4 Solid Waste Management System

1.4.5 Economical-Based Infrastructure

1.4.6 Infrastructure-Based Development

1.4.7 Water Supply System

1.4.8 Sewage Networking

1.5 Ideal Planning for the Sewage Networking Systems. 1.5.1 Availability and Ideal Consumption of Resources

1.5.2 Anticipating Future Demand

1.5.3 Transporting Networks to Facilitate

1.5.4 Control Centers for Governing the City

1.5.5 Integrated Command and Control Center

1.6 Heritage of Culture Based on Modern Advancement

1.7 Funding and Business Models to Leverage

1.7.1 Fundings

1.8 Community-Based Development. 1.8.1 Smart Medical Care

1.8.2 Smart Safety for The IT

1.8.3 IoT Communication Interface With ML

1.8.4 Machine Learning Algorithms

1.8.5 Smart Community

1.9 Revolutionary Impact With Other Locations

1.10 Finding Balanced City Development

1.11 E-Industry With Enhanced Resources

1.12 Strategy for Development of Smart Cities. 1.12.1 Stakeholder Benefits

1.12.2 Urban Integration

1.12.3 Future Scope of City Innovations

1.12.4 Conclusion

References

2. An Empirical Study on Paddy Harvest and Rice Demand Prediction for an Optimal Distribution Plan

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Background

2.2.1 Prediction of Future Paddy Harvest and Rice Consumption Demand

2.2.2 Rice Distribution

2.3 Methodology

2.3.1 Requirements of the Proposed Platform

2.3.2 Data to Evaluate the ‘isRice” Platform

2.3.3 Implementation of Prediction Modules

2.3.3.1 Recurrent Neural Network

2.3.3.2 Long Short-Term Memory

2.3.3.3 Paddy Harvest Prediction Function

2.3.3.4 Rice Demand Prediction Function

2.3.4 Implementation of Rice Distribution Planning Module

2.3.4.1 Genetic Algorithm–Based Rice Distribution Planning

2.3.5 Front-End Implementation

2.4 Results and Discussion

2.4.1 Paddy Harvest Prediction Function

2.4.2 Rice Demand Prediction Function

2.4.3 Rice Distribution Planning Module

2.5 Conclusion

References

3. A Collaborative Data Publishing Model with Privacy Preservation Using Group-Based Classification and Anonymity

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Literature Survey

3.3 Proposed Model

3.4 Results

3.5 Conclusion

References

4. Production Monitoring and Dashboard Design for Industry 4.0 Using Single-Board Computer (SBC)

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Related Works

4.3 Industry 4.0 Production and Dashboard Design

4.4 Results and Discussion

4.5 Conclusion

References

5. Generation of Two-Dimensional Text-Based CAPTCHA Using Graphical Operation

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Types of CAPTCHAs

5.2.1 Text-Based CAPTCHA

5.2.2 Image-Based CAPTCHA

5.2.3 Audio-Based CAPTCHA

5.2.4 Video-Based CAPTCHA

5.2.5 Puzzle-Based CAPTCHA

5.3 Related Work

5.4 Proposed Technique

5.5 Text-Based CAPTCHA Scheme

5.6 Breaking Text-Based CAPTCHA’s Scheme

5.6.1 Individual Character-Based Segmentation Method

5.6.2 Character Width-Based Segmentation Method

5.7 Implementation of Text-Based CAPTCHA Using Graphical Operation

5.7.1 Graphical Operation

5.7.2 Two-Dimensional Composite Transformation Calculation

5.8 Graphical Text-Based CAPTCHA in Online Application

5.9 Conclusion and Future Enhancement

References

6. Smart IoT-Enabled Traffic Sign Recognition With High Accuracy (TSR-HA) Using Deep Learning

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Internet of Things

6.1.2 Deep Learning

6.1.3 Detecting the Traffic Sign With the Mask R-CNN

6.1.3.1 Mask R-Convolutional Neural Network

6.1.3.2 Color Space Conversion

6.2 Experimental Evaluation

6.2.1 Implementation Details

6.2.2 Traffic Sign Classification

6.2.3 Traffic Sign Detection

6.2.4 Sample Outputs

6.2.5 Raspberry Pi 4 Controls Vehicle Using OpenCV

6.2.5.1 Smart IoT-Enabled Traffic Signs Recognizing With High Accuracy Using Deep Learning

6.2.6 Python Code

6.3 Conclusion

References

7. Offline and Online Performance Evaluation Metrics of Recommender System: A Bird’s Eye View

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Modules of Recommender System

7.1.2 Evaluation Structure

7.1.3 Contribution of the Paper

7.1.4 Organization of the Paper

7.2 Evaluation Metrics. 7.2.1 Offline Analytics

7.2.1.1 Prediction Accuracy Metrics

7.2.1.1.1 Mean Absolute Error

7.2.1.1.2 Mean Square Error

7.2.1.1.3 Root Mean Square Error

7.2.1.1.4 Hit Ratio

7.2.1.2 Decision Support Metrics

7.2.1.2.1 ROC and AUC

7.2.1.3 Rank Aware Top-N Metrics. 7.2.1.3.1 Mean Average Precision

7.2.1.3.2 Mean Reciprocal Rank

7.2.1.3.3 Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain

7.2.1.3.4 Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

7.2.2 Item and List-Based Metrics

7.2.2.1 Coverage

7.2.2.2 Popularity

7.2.2.3 Personalization

7.2.2.4 Serendipity

7.2.2.5 Diversity

7.2.2.6 Churn

7.2.2.7 Responsiveness

7.2.3 User Studies and Online Evaluation

7.2.3.1 Usage Log

7.2.3.2 Polls

7.2.3.3 Lab Experiments

7.2.3.4 Online A/B Test

7.3 Related Works

7.3.1 Categories of Recommendation

7.3.2 Data Mining Methods of Recommender System

7.3.2.1 Data Pre-Processing. 7.3.2.1.1 Sampling

7.3.2.1.2 Dimensionality Reduction

7.3.2.2 Data Analysis

7.4 Experimental Setup

7.5 Summary and Conclusions

References

8. Deep Learning–Enabled Smart Safety Precautions and Measures in Public Gathering Places for COVID-19 Using IoT

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Prelims. 8.2.1 Digital Image Processing

8.2.2 Deep Learning

8.2.3 WSN

8.2.4 Raspberry Pi

8.2.5 Thermal Sensor

8.2.6 Relay

8.2.7 TensorFlow

8.2.8 Convolution Neural Network (CNN)

8.3 Proposed System

8.4 Math Model

8.5 Results

8.6 Conclusion

References

9. Route Optimization for Perishable Goods Transportation System

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Related Works

9.2.1 Need for Route Optimization

9.3 Proposed Methodology

9.4 Proposed Work Implementation

9.5 Conclusion

References

10. Fake News Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Literature Survey

10.3 Methodology

10.3.1 Data Retrieval

10.3.2 Data Pre-Processing

10.3.3 Data Visualization

10.3.4 Tokenization

10.3.5 Feature Extraction

10.3.6 Machine Learning Algorithms. 10.3.6.1 Logistic Regression

10.3.6.2 Naïve Bayes

10.3.6.3 Random Forest

10.3.6.4 XGBoost

10.4 Experimental Results

10.5 Conclusion

References

11. Opportunities and Challenges in Machine Learning With IoT

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Literature Review. 11.2.1 A Designed Architecture of ML on Big Data

11.2.2 Machine Learning

11.2.3 Types of Machine Learning. 11.2.3.1 Supervised Learning

11.2.3.1.1 Regression

11.2.3.1.2 Classification

11.2.3.1.3 Deep Learning

11.2.3.2 Unsupervised Learning

11.2.3.2.1 Clustering

11.2.3.2.2 Dimensionality Reduction

11.2.3.2.3 Principal Component Analysis

11.2.3.2.4 Anomaly Detection

11.3 Why Should We Care About Learning Representations?

11.4 Big Data

11.5 Data Processing Opportunities and Challenges

11.5.1 Data Redundancy

11.5.2 Data Noise

11.5.3 Heterogeneity of Data

11.5.4 Discretization of Data

11.5.5 Data Labeling

11.5.6 Imbalanced Data

11.6 Learning Opportunities and Challenges

11.7 Enabling Machine Learning With IoT

11.8 Conclusion

References

12. Machine Learning Effects on Underwater Applications and IoUT

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Characteristics of IoUT

12.3 Architecture of IoUT

12.3.1 Perceptron Layer

12.3.2 Network Layer

12.3.3 Application Layer

12.4 Challenges in IoUT

12.5 Applications of IoUT

12.6 Machine Learning

12.7 Simulation and Analysis

12.8 Conclusion

References

13. Internet of Underwater Things: Challenges, Routing Protocols, and ML Algorithms

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Internet of Underwater Things

13.2.1 Challenges in IoUT

13.3 Routing Protocols of IoUT

13.4 Machine Learning in IoUT

13.4.1 Types of Machine Learning Algorithms

13.5 Performance Evaluation

13.6 Conclusion

References

14. Chest X-Ray for Pneumonia Detection

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Background

14.3 Research Methodology

14.4 Results and Discussion. 14.4.1 Results

14.4.2 Discussion

14.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Index

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Using data, however, the data must be extrapolitanized from wide region information in order to recognize urban health issues. The validity of the method ultimately relies on the amount of burden the wide region has taken on the society [21]. By using secondary data, such as vital statistics and census data, more comprehensive research is difficult for the practice as general problems are established.

Tendency, though to rely on some health conditions, may miss a significant issue merely because it was not part of the dataset. For example, an epidemiological analysis of diastolic blood pressure within the population may produce advanced data on distribution, correlates, and hypertension determinants. At the cost of a larger data collection, though, the information in the hypertension set is collected. The use of these data to classify the health issues of the population may also make it easier for the profession to ignore some (maybe more critical) problems of health.

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