Оглавление
Группа авторов. Theories in Social Psychology
Theories in Social Psychology
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Acknowledgments
1 Theorizing Social Psychology
References
2 Toward an Affect Arousal Reactance Theory: Reactance Theory Revisited
Assumptions
Threat
Magnitude of Reactance
Effects of Reactance
Research on Reactance
Social Interaction
The Forbidden Fruit
Gender (Nature–Nurture)
Social Influence
Application of Reactance
Juvenile Defiance
COVID-19
Reactance as a Trait
Measuring Reactance
Cognitive Dissonance and Reactance
Criticisms of Reactance
Toward an Affect Arousal Reactance Theory
Assumptions and Propositions of an Affect Arousal Reactance Theory (AART)
Conclusion
References
3 Inconsistency in Cognition: Cognitive Dissonance
Prophecies of Doom
Major Theoretical Concepts
Early Research Paradigms and Tests of Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The Induced Compliance Paradigm
The Free-Choice Paradigm
Development of the Theory
Self-consistency Theory (Aronson, 1960)
Individual Differences
Self-perception Theory (Bem, 1967)
Dissonance and Physiological Arousal
Near-death and Rebirth
Self-affirmation Theory (Steele, 1988)
Evaluation of the Theory and Conclusions
Author Note
Note
References
4 Attribution Theories: How People Make Sense of Behavior
Heider’s Theory of Attribution
Jones and Davis’s Abandoned Theory of Explanation
Kelley’s Theory of Attribution as Causal Judgment
Other Attribution Research
The Folk-Conceptual Theory of Behavior Explanation. Folk Concepts of Mind and Behavior
Interlude: Measurement Concerns
Psychological Processes Underlying Behavior Explanations
Applications: Two Examples
Actor–Observer Asymmetries
Application 2: Explanations of Nonhuman Agents
Conclusion
Notes
References
5 The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion: Thoughtful and Non-Thoughtful Social Influence
The Elaboration Continuum
Determinants of Elaboration Likelihood
Motivational Factors
Ability Factors
Two Routes to Persuasion
Peripheral Route to Persuasion
Central Route to Persuasion
Putting It All Together: Multiple Roles for Persuasion Variables
Consequences of Elaboration: Attitude Strength
Criticism of the ELM
Applications of the ELM
New Directions: Automatic and Deliberative Attitude Measures
Conclusions
References
6 Construal Level Theory: Psychological Distance and Construal
Early Works – Psychological Distance & Time Discounting
Time Discounting
Kahneman & Tversky’s Planning Fallacy
Griffin, Dunning & Ross – Schematic Mental Models
Temporal Construal Theory
Expansion of Temporal Construal Theory
A General Theory of Construal Level and Psychological Distance
CLT Refined
Application
Persuasion & Power
Fear of Crime
Climate Change
Summary
Notes
References
7 Social Comparison: Theory, Research, and Applications
Festinger’s Social Comparison Theory
Why Do People Engage in Social Comparisons?
To Whom Do People Compare Themselves?
How Do Social Comparisons Influence the Self?
Determinants of Assimilation and Contrast
Affective and Motivational Outcomes of Social Comparisons
Applications of Social Comparison Theory
Conclusion and Cautionary Note
Acknowledgment
References
8 Relative Deprivation and Cognate Theories: Making Sense of Irrational Behaviors
Introduction
Relative Deprivation (RD) The Concept
Early Models of RD
Crosby Brings Order to the Literature
Thomas Pettigrew and Leaps into the 21st Century
Cognate Theories Relevant to RD
Social Comparison Theory
Equity Theory
J-Curve Theory of Revolution
Just World Theory
Applications of RD Theory
Preserving Houses Amidst Palaces
References
9 Equity Theory: Evaluating Fairness
Introduction to Equity Theory
Development of Equity Theory
Description of Equity Theory
Major Theoretical Concepts within the Theory
Four Propositions of Equity
Measurement Considerations of Equity
Restoring Equity
Application of Equity Theory
Personality
Relationship Type and Relationship Length
Emotions
Gender
Distribution of Domestic Duties
Relational Quality
Transitioning to Parenthood and Childcare
Relational Behaviors
Orientation
Initial, Existing, and Dissolving Relationships
Critique of Equity Theory
Further Development of Equity Theory
References
10 Interdependence in Social Interaction
Development and Description of Interdependence Theory
Social Psychology of Groups (1959)
Interpersonal Relations: A Theory of Interdependence
Application of Interdependence Theory
Investment Model
Accommodation Processes and Sacrifice
Interdependence Theory Analysis of Abusive Relationships
Summary
Future Directions of Interdependence Theory
Conclusion
References
11 Self-Categorization and Social Identification: Making Sense of Us and Them
From Social Categorization to Self-Categorization
Self-Categorization Theory. Defining Self-categorization
When and Why Do People Self-categorize?
From Self-Categorization to Social Identification. Defining Social Identification
Dimensions of Social Identification
Social Identity Theory. Intergroup Bias and the “Minimal Group Paradigm”
Social Identity and Intergroup Relations
Group Status and Strategies for Achieving Positive Distinctiveness
Beyond Social Identity Theory
Multiple Categorization
Crossed Categorization
Common Ingroup Identity Model
Dual Identity Model
Ingroup Projection Model
Social Identity Complexity
Social Identity Inclusiveness and Structure
Conclusion
Notes
References
12 From Culture to Cognition: Social Categorization Theory Reloaded
Brief History of Social Categorization
Self-Categorization Theory
Social Cognitive Accounts
Functional Antagonism vs. Category Conjunction
Multiple Social Categorization
Representational Implications
Processing Implications
Situated Cognition Approach
Acquired Categorization Flexibility
Etiology of Flexibility
Biculturalism
Diversity Driven Social Categorization Theory
Conclusion
References
13 Symbolic Interactionism: Early Philosophy to Models of Artificial Intelligence
Core Assumptions of Symbolic Interactionism
The Grandfathers
Philosophical Background
Gestalt Perspective
Verstehen
Behaviorism
Social Learning Theory
Developments
Philosophy: Pragmatism
Symbol
Model of Action: Social Behaviorism
Theories about Identity, Self and Society. Cooley: Looking-glass Self
Socialization and Deviance
Mead: Moral Development of the Self
Mead: The Self as a Process
The Fathers of SI at the Chicago School
Herbert Blumer (1900–1987)
Anselm Strauss (1916–1996)
Tamotsu Shibutani (1920–2004)
Erving Goffman (1922–1982)
Howard S. Becker (1928–)
David R. Heise (1937–)
Process versus Structure
Iowa School
Indiana Interactionists
Processual versus Structural || Chicago versus Iowa
Integration and Renewal: Control Models. Recursive Models of Identity and Social Structure
Cybernetic Models of Identity
Cybernetic Model of SI
Artificial Intelligence: Bayesian Cybernetic Model of SI
Substantive Areas of SI. Deviance
Sexuality
Gender
Emotions
Biological versus Social Construction of Emotion
Cross-cultural Comparison
Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis
Children
Conclusion
References
14 Impression Management in Everyday Life
Introduction
Definitions
Historical Overview
Conceptually Related Constructs
Self-concept and Social Identity
Social Desirability
Basking in Reflected Glory
Types of Impression Management
Antecedents and Outcomes of IM
Demographic Variables
Personality Variables. Self-monitoring
Human Resources and IM
Selection and Workplace Behaviors
Letters of Recommendation
Curriculum Vitae
Impact of IM Strategies
Marketing and IM
Cross-cultural Differences
Future Directions
Concluding Remarks
References
Contributors
Index
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