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Группа авторов. Remote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Geophysical Monograph Series
Remote Sensing of Water‐Related Hazards. Geophysical Monograph 271
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
1 Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Remote Sensing for Monitoring and Predicting Water‐Related Hazards
ABSTRACT
1.1. BACKGROUND
1.2. ADVANCES IN REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES
1.3. OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
Part I: Remote Sensing of Precipitation and Storms
Part II: Remote Sensing of Floods and Associated Hazards
Part III: Remote Sensing of Droughts and Associated Hazards
REFERENCES
2 Progress in Satellite Precipitation Products over the Past Two Decades: Evaluation and Application in Flash Flood Warning
ABSTRACT
2.1. INTRODUCTION
2.2. STUDY AREA AND DATASETS. 2.2.1. Study Area
2.2.2. Datasets. Rain gauge data
Critical flash flood data
Satellite and reanalysis precipitation products
2.3. METHODOLOGY. 2.3.1. Statistic Metrics
2.3.2. Triple Collocation
2.3.3. Flash Flood Warning
2.4. RESULTS. 2.4.1. Overall Performance
2.4.2. Regional and Seasonal Characteristics
2.4.3. Snowfall Pattern, Evaluation, and Trend
2.4.4. Applicability of IMERG in Flash Flood Warning
2.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
APPENDIX: ABBREVIATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
3 Observations of Tornadoes and Their Parent Supercells Using Ground‐Based, Mobile Doppler Radars
ABSTRACT
3.1. INTRODUCTION: THE MOTIVATION FOR GROUND‐BASED, MOBILE DOPPLER RADARS. 3.1.1. Tornadoes and Their Parent Storms
3.1.2. Fixed‐Site Doppler Radars
3.1.3. Airborne Doppler Radars
3.2. A HISTORY OF GROUND‐BASED, MOBILE DOPPLER RADARS AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
3.2.1. Ground‐Based Mobile Doppler Radars. The LANL portable CW/FM‐CW radar
The U. Mass. W‐band radar
The Doppler on Wheels (DOW) X‐band radars
The C‐band, SMART‐R radars
The Rapid‐Scan DOW and the MWR‐05XP (hybrid phased‐array radars)
Polarimetric radars
The Texas Tech University Ka‐band radars
The Rapid‐scan X‐band Polarimetric radar (RaXPol)
The Atmospheric Imaging Radar
Solid‐state pulse compression radars
3.2.2. Analysis Techniques. Retrieval of the three‐dimensional wind field: Multiple mobile‐Doppler‐radar networks
Retrieval techniques from data from only one Doppler radar
Polarimetric signatures
3.3. OBSERVATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE OF TORNADOES AND THEIR PARENT STORMS
3.3.1. The Horizontal Structure of Tornadoes
The horizontal structure of dust devils
3.3.2. Vertical Cross‐Sections Through Tornadoes
3.3.3. The Horizontal Structure of Supercells
3.4. OBSERVATIONS OF TORNADOGENESIS AND TORNADO EVOLUTION
3.4.1. Evolution of Vortex Signatures
3.4.2. Evolution of Debris Signatures
3.4.3. The Wind Profile at Low Levels in the Near Environment of a Tornado
3.4.4. Combined Use of Mobile Doppler Radars and Mobile Doppler Lidars
3.5. FUTURE RADAR DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER RADAR‐RELATED ACTIVITIES. 3.5.1. The C‐band, Polarimetric Atmospheric Imaging Radar (PAIR)
3.5.2. Fully Electronically Scanning Mobile Doppler Radars
3.5.3. Radars on Remotely Piloted Small Aircraft
3.5.4. Combined Use of Ground‐Based, Mobile Doppler Radars, Airborne Radars, and Satellite Observations
3.6. SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Notes
4 Remote Sensing Mapping and Modeling for Flood Hazards in Data‐Scarce Areas: A Case Study in Nyaungdon Area, Myanmar
ABSTRACT
4.1. INTRODUCTION
4.2. METHODOLOGY. 4.2.1. Satellite Mapping of Flood Inundation With the Aid of GIS
4.2.2. Two‐Dimensional Coupled Hydrological‐Hydraulic Modeling
4.2.3. Model Performance Evaluation
4.3. STUDY AREA AND DATA. 4.3.1. Study Area
4.3.2. Data Sets and Data Sources
4.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.5. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
5 Multisensor Remote Sensing and the Multidimensional Modeling of Extreme Flood Events: A Case Study of Hurricane Harvey–Triggered Floods in Houston, Texas, USA
ABSTRACT
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. THE DETECTABILITY OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY OVER THE EXTREME EVENT
5.2.1. Statistical Evaluation
5.2.2. Multiplicative Triple Collocation
5.3. INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND CREST FOR HURRICANE HARVEY FLOOD SIMULATION. 5.3.1. CREST Family Introduction. CREST‐EF5
CREST‐iMAP
5.3.2. 1‐D Flood Modeling
5.3.3. 2‐D Flood Extent Modeling and Joint Applications With SARs
5.3.4. Flood Inundation Depth Modeling and Evaluation
5.4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
6 A Multisource, Data‐Driven, Web‐GIS‐Based Hydrological Modeling Framework for Flood Forecasting and Prevention
ABSTRACT
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
6.2.1. Study Area
6.2.2. Data Sources
6.2.3. Web Framework Implementation. Server structure
Implementation and user interface
6.2.4. Hydrologic Models
Lumped CREST model
HyMOD
6.2.5. Evaluation of the Web Framework
6.3. EVALUATIONS AND RESULTS. 6.3.1. Multibasin Evaluation
6.3.2. Performance Evaluation
6.4. DISCUSSION
6.4.1. Big Data Support
6.4.2. Data and Models Trade‐off
6.4.3. Sustainability
6.5. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
7 An Ensemble‐Based, Remote‐Sensing‐Driven, Flood‐Landslide Early Warning System
ABSTRACT
7.1. INTRODUCTION
7.2. METHODOLOGY. 7.2.1. Ensemble Coupled Flood‐Landslide Modeling System. Hydrological models
Slope stability model
7.2.2. Bayesian Model Averaging
7.2.3. Coupling Strategy and Ensemble‐Based System
7.3. STUDY AREA
7.4. RESULTS. 7.4.1. Hurricane Ivan–Caused Heavy Rainfall and Its Hydrological Response
7.4.2. Evaluation of Ensemble Early Warning System
7.5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY
REFERENCES
8 Detection of Hazard‐Damaged Bridges Using Multitemporal High‐Resolution SAR Imagery
ABSTRACT
8.1. INTRODUCTION
8.2. BACKSCATTERING MODEL OF BRIDGES OVER WATER
8.3. THE STUDY AREA AND IMAGE DATA
8.4. METHODOLOGY FOR DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF BRIDGES
8.5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
8.6. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
9 Drought Monitoring Based on Remote Sensing
ABSTRACT
9.1. INTRODUCTION
9.2. PROGRESS IN RS‐BASED DROUGHT MONITORING. 9.2.1. Precipitation
9.2.2. Evapotranspiration
9.2.3. Soil Moisture and Vegetation
9.2.4. Streamflow, Total Water Storage, and Groundwater
9.2.5. Integrated Approaches to Drought Monitoring
9.3. CASE STUDY
9.4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
10 Remote Sensing of Vegetation Responses to Drought Disturbances Using Spaceborne Optical and Near‐Infrared Sensors
ABSTRACT
10.1. INTRODUCTION
10.2. DROUGHTS AND THEIR ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS. 10.2.1. Definition, Classification, and Quantification of Droughts
Meteorological drought
Hydrological drought
Agricultural drought
Socioeconomic drought
10.2.2. Ecophysiological Impacts of Droughts on Terrestrial Ecosystems
10.3. REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION RESPONSES TO DROUGHTS
10.3.1. Remote Sensing–Based Vegetation Monitoring
10.3.2. Methods to Detect Vegetation Stresses to Drought Disturbances
Vegetation stress detection based on drought and vegetation indices
Vegetation vulnerability assessment
10.4. CASE STUDY IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA. 10.4.1. Study Area
10.4.2. Data Sets
10.4.3. Results. Recent drought characteristics of Yunnan Province
Temporal and spatial characteristics of WUE
Vegetation responses to drought disturbances
10.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
11 Recent Advances in Physical Water Scarcity Assessment Using GRACE Satellite Data
ABSTRACT
11.1. INTRODUCTION. 11.1.1. Water Scarcity Measures
11.1.2. New Data to Monitor Water Availability
11.2. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 11.2.1. Study Area
11.2.2. Datasets and Approach
11.2.3. Groundwater Estimation
11.2.4. Trend Analysis
11.3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
11.3.1. SWS and GWS Trend Analysis
11.3.2. PAW and IRWR Implications
11.4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
12 Study of Water Cycle Variation in the Yellow River Basin Based on Satellite Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling
ABSTRACT
12.1. INTRODUCTION
12.2. STUDY AREA
12.3. METHODS. 12.3.1. Reconstruction of Evapotranspiration
12.3.2. Calculation of the Elasticity of Streamflow
12.4. RESULTS. 12.4.1. Evapotranspiration Reconstruction
12.4.2. Drying Trend in Streamflow and Its Attribution Analysis
Sensitivities of streamflow to climate and land‐surface factors
Contributions of changes in climate and land‐surface to streamflow
12.4.3. Drying Trend in GRACE‐TWS and Its Attribution Analysis
Attribution of spatial TWSA variation in terms of TWS components
Contributions of precipitation, ET, and runoff to changes in TWSC
12.4.4. Modeling Study on Responses of Water Cycle Components to Afforestation
Variations in water cycle components over the YRB
Spatial variations in water cycle components of typical years
12.4.5. Implications of this Study for Drought Characterization and Assessment
12.5. SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
13 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change‐Induced Droughts on Soil Salinity Development in Agricultural Areas Using Ground and Satellite Sensors
ABSTRACT
13.1. INTRODUCTION
13.1.1. Impact of Climate Change on Soil in Relation to Crop Production
13.1.2. Need for Inventorying and Monitoring Soil Salinity
13.2. GROUND AND SATELLITE SENSOR APPROACHES FOR MEASSURING/MAPPING SOIL SALINITY
13.2.1. Field‐Scale Salinity Measurement and Mapping: Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity (ECa) Directed Soil Sampling
Geospatial ECa measurements
Factors influencing ECa
Techniques for measuring ECa
Electrical resistivity (ER)
Electromagnetic induction (EMI)
Advantages and disadvantages of ER and EMI
Field‐scale mapping of soil salinity and ECa
Approach and protocols for ECa ‐directed soil sampling
Factors to consider during an ECa ‐directed survey
Model‐ and design‐based sampling
13.2.2. Landscape‐Scale Salinity Measurement and Mapping: ANOCOVA Approach
13.2.3. Regional‐Scale Salinity Measurement and Mapping: Satellite Imagery Approach
13.3. IMPACTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOIL SALINITY DEVELOPMENT: WESTSIDE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY CASE STUDY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Note
Index
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