Оглавление
Группа авторов. Farm Animal Anesthesia
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Farm Animal Anesthesia. Cattle, Small Ruminants, Camelids, and Pigs
Contributing Authors
Preface
About the Companion Website
1 Preanesthetic Considerations
1.1 Positioning
1.2 Ruminal Tympany
1.3 Regurgitation
1.4 Salivation
1.5 Malignant Hyperthermia
1.6 Differences in Sensitivity to Anesthetics
1.7 Preanesthetic Preparation
References
2 Commonly Used Preanesthetics
2.1 Acepromazine (Phenothiazine Derivatives) 2.1.1 Cattle
2.1.2 Small Ruminants and Camelids
2.1.3 Swine
2.2 Droperidol and Azaperone (Butyrophenone Derivatives)
2.3 Detomidine, Dexmedetomidine, Medetomidine, Romifidine, and Xylazine (α2 Agonists)
2.3.1 Cattle. 2.3.1.1 Xylazine
2.3.1.2 Detomidine
2.3.1.3 Medetomidine
2.3.1.4 Romifidine
2.3.2 Small Ruminants and Camelids. 2.3.2.1 Xylazine
2.3.2.2 Detomidine
2.3.2.3 Medetomidine
2.3.2.4 Romifidine
2.3.3 Swine. 2.3.3.1 Xylazine
2.3.3.2 Detomidine
2.3.3.3 Medetomidine
2.4 Atipamezole, Tolazoline, Yohimbine, and Vatinoxan (α2 Antagonists)
2.5 Diazepam and Midazolam (Benzodiazepine Derivatives)
2.5.1 Cattle, Small Ruminants, and Camelids
2.5.2 Swine
2.6 Chloral Hydrate
References
3 Standing Sedation and Chemical Restraint
3.1 Cattle
3.2 Small Ruminants and Camelids
3.3 Swine
References
4 Injectable Anesthetics and Field Anesthesia
4.1 Injectable Anesthetics. 4.1.1 Ketamine
4.1.1.1 Cattle
4.1.1.2 Small Ruminants and Camelids
4.1.1.3 Swine
4.1.2 Telazol
4.1.2.1 Cattle
4.1.2.2 Small Ruminants and Camelids
4.1.2.3 Swine
4.1.3 Propofol
4.1.3.1 Small Ruminants and Camelids
4.1.3.2 Swine
4.1.4 Alfaxalone
4.1.4.1 Small Ruminants and Camelids
4.1.4.2 Pigs
4.1.5 Guaifenesin
4.2 Field Anesthesia. 4.2.1 Cattle
4.2.2 Small Ruminants and Camelids
4.2.3 Swine
References
5 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
5.1 Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction
5.2 Mechanism of Action of NMBAs
5.2.1 Depolarizing NMBAs
5.2.2 Nondepolarizing NMBAs
5.3 Clinically Useful NMBAs
5.3.1 Atracurium
5.3.2 Cis‐atracurium
5.3.3 Vecuronium
5.3.4 Rocuronium
5.4 Monitoring of NMBA Action
5.5 Reversal of NMBAs
References
6 Inhalation Anesthesia and Use of Ventilators
6.1 Cattle
6.2 Small Ruminants and Camelids
6.3 Swine
6.4 Use of Ventilators
References
7 Perioperative Monitoring and Management of Complications
7.1 Perioperative Monitoring
7.2 Supportive Fluid Therapy
7.3 Positioning
7.4 Recovery
7.5 Perioperative Complications. 7.5.1 Regurgitation and Aspiration Pneumonia
7.5.2 Airway Obstruction
7.5.3 Ruminal Tympany/Bloat
7.5.4 Salivation
7.5.5 Hypoventilation
7.5.6 Cardiac Arrhythmias
7.5.7 Hypotension
7.5.8 Hypothermia
7.5.9 Malignant Hyperthermia
7.5.10 Postanesthetic Neuromyopathy
7.5.11 Cardiovascular Collapse
References
8 Local and Regional Anesthesia in Food Animals
8.1 Local Anesthetic Agents
8.2 Anesthesia for Dehorning
8.3 Anesthesia for the Eye and Eyelids
8.4 Nasal Anesthesia
8.5 Anesthesia for Reproductive Procedures and for Cessation of Straining
8.5.1 Caudal Epidural Anesthesia
8.5.2 Continuous Caudal Epidural Anesthesia
8.5.3 Internal Pudendal Nerve Block
8.5.4 Dorsal Penile Nerve Block
8.5.5 Sacral Paravertebral Nerve Block
8.5.6 Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia
8.6 Anesthesia for Laparotomy
8.6.1 Line Block
8.6.2 Inverted L Block
8.6.3 Proximal Paravertebral Block
8.6.4 Distal Paravertebral Block
8.7 Anesthesia for Udder and Teats
8.8 Anesthesia of the Limbs
8.9 Castration
References
9 Anesthetic Management of Specific Procedures
9.1 Urogenital Surgery in the Male. 9.1.1 Castration
9.1.2 Penile Papilloma
9.1.3 Persistent Frenulum
9.1.4 Penile Translocation
9.1.5 Epididymectomy
9.1.6 Vasectomy
9.2 Urogenital Surgery in the Female
9.2.1 Cesarean Section
9.2.2 Ovariectomy
9.2.3 Vaginal Prolapse
9.2.4 Perineal Laceration
9.3 Surgical Disorders of the Abdomen. 9.3.1 Laparotomy
9.3.2 Disorders of the Forestomachs
9.3.3 Displacements and Volvulus of the Abomasum
9.3.4 Small Intestine Disorders (Intussusception, Intestinal Volvulus, Intestinal Obstruction)
9.3.5 Urolithiasis and Bladder Rupture
9.3.6 Umbilical Hernias
9.4 Musculoskeletal Indications. 9.4.1 Dehorning
9.4.2 Claw Amputation and Facilitated Ankylosis
9.4.3 Excision of Interdigital Fibromas
9.4.4 Teeth Floating
9.4.5 Tail Docking
9.4.6 Rectal Prolapse
9.5 Wounds, Lumps, Bumps, and Abscesses. 9.5.1 Wound Management
9.5.2 Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma
9.5.3 Enucleation
9.5.4 Entropion
9.5.5 Abscess Removal for Caseous Lymphadenitis
References
10 Pain Management for Farm Animals
10.1 Local Anesthetics
10.2 Systemic Pain Management. 10.2.1 Opioid Analgesics
10.2.2 Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs
10.2.3 Alpha‐2 Agonists
10.2.4 Ketamine
10.2.5 Gabapentin
10.3 Drug Combinations for Pain Management
10.3.1 Constant Rate Infusion
10.4 Local or Regional Analgesia
10.4.1 Caudal Epidural Analgesia
10.4.2 Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia
10.4.3 Intra‐articular Analgesia
References
11 Fluid Therapy
11.1 General Considerations
11.2 Physiology of Body Fluids
11.3 Patient Assessment
11.4 Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy in the Perioperative Period
11.4.1 Quantity and Rate of Fluid Administration
11.4.2 Fluid Type Selection
11.4.3 Fluid Therapy in Cases of Calf Diarrhea
11.4.4 Fluid Therapy in Cases of Acute Ruminal Acidosis (Grain Overload)
11.4.5 Fluid Therapy in Cases of Hepatic Lipidosis/Ketosis/Pregnancy Toxemia
11.4.6 Fluid Therapy in Cases of Abomasal and Small Intestinal Disorders
11.4.7 Fluid Therapy for Cases of Sepsis (Septic Peritonitis, Septic Omphalitis, etc.)
11.4.8 Fluid Therapy in Cases of Urinary Tract Obstruction/Rupture
11.4.9 Whole‐blood Transfusions
11.4.10 Method of Administration
11.5 Monitoring Fluid Administration
References
12 Regulatory and Legal Considerations of Anesthetics and Analgesics Used in Food‐producing Animals
12.1 Alpha‐2 Agonists and Antagonists
12.2 Barbiturates
12.3 Benzodiazepines
12.4 Dissociative Anesthetics
12.5 Local Anesthetics
12.6 Opioids
12.7 Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs
12.8 Phenothiazine Derivatives
12.9 Propofol
References
13 Euthanasia of Farm Animals
13.1 Considerations Prior to Euthanasia
13.2 The Process of Euthanasia
13.3 Methods of Euthanasia
13.3.1 Injectable Euthanasia Agents
13.3.2 Physical Methods
13.3.3 Adjunctive and Other Methods of Euthanasia
13.4 Considerations Subsequent to Euthanasia
References
Index. a
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