Оглавление
Группа авторов. Rethinking Prototyping
Design Modelling Symposium Berlin, 28/09 - 02/10/2013. Advisory Committee
Organising Committee
Scientific Committee
Main sponsor
Co-Sponsors
Contents
Structural Design
Architectural Design
Complex Geometry
Climate Design
Digital Fabrication
Prototyping
Foreword. Prototypical Models of Design
Physical and Numerical Prototyping for Integrated Bending and Form-Active Textile Hybrid Structures
1 Introduction
2 Multi-Hierarchical Textile Hybrid
3 Prototyping Framework for Textile Hybrid Systems
3.1 Physical Form-Finding and Computational Means
4 Cellular Structure: Exploring Topological and Geometric Variation
4.1 Modelling and Active Manipulation of Material Behaviour
4.2 Transferring Relational Logics from Physical Form-Finding to Computational Exploration
5 Interleaving Structure: Developing Force Equilibria
5.1 Resolving Geometry through Multiple Modes of Simulation
5.2 Designing the Complete Mechanical Behaviour
6 Conclusion
References
From Shape to Shell: A Design Tool to Materialise FreeForm Shapes Using Gridshell Structures
1 Introduction
1.1 Gridshell: Concept, Erection Process, Materials. Concept
Erection Process
Material Flexibility for Structural Rigidity
High Tech & Low Cost
1.2 From-Finding Versus Grid-Finding
Form-Finding
Grid-Finding
2 Case Study. 2.1 The Project
Description
2.2 Design Process
2.3 3D Modelling
2.4 Shape Optimisation
Stress & Curvature
Surface Optimisation
2.5 Shape Meshing
Compass Method
Meshed Surface
Overall Process
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Mesh Optimisation
Grid Processing
Generation of Analysis Model
2.6 Structural Analysis
3 Conclusion
References
Designing Regular and Irregular Elastic Gridshells by Six DOF Dynamic Relaxation
1 Introduction
2. Beam Modelling
2.1. Dynamic Relaxation with Six DOF per Node
2.2. Beam Mechanism
2.3. Pre-stress of Bending and Torsion
2.3. Pre-stress of Bending and Torsion
2.4 Weighted Stiffness
3 Geometric Constraint
3.1 Projection Method
3.2 Constraint Force Method
4 Examples
4.1 Relaxed Beam
4.2. Weald and Downland Gridshell
4.3. Effect of the Weighted Stiffness (Irregular Gridshell)
4.4 2D Hybgrid
4.5 3D Hybgrid
5 Conclusions
References
Shaping Structural Systems
1 Background and Motivation: Approaching Structures
2 Method: Topology Optimisation Using the Homogenization Method. 2.1 Structural Optimisation
3 Shaping Structural Systems. 3.1 Principles of Lightweight Structures: Descriptiveness, Deformations, Internal Forces
3.2 Principles of Lightweight Structures: Efficiency, Structural Optimisation
3.3 Structural Parametric Patterns
3.4 Re-Design of Natural Structures
4 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Bridging the Gap
1 Background
2 Introduction
3 Objectives
4 Method
5 Outcome
6 Conclusion
References
Funicular Funnel Shells
1 Introduction. 1.2 Spatial Potential of Funnel-Shaped Architecture
1.2 Structural Potential of Funicular Funnel-Shaped Shells
2 Structural Principle
2.1 2D Form-Finding Using Graphic Statics
2.2 3D Form-Finding Using Extended Thrust Network Analysis
3 Results
3.1 Design Tool Implementation
3.2 Design Exploration
3.3 Funicular Funnel Rib Vault
4 Conclusion and Further Research
References
From Structural Purity to Site Specificity. New Canopies for the Entrance Gates of the Messe Frankfurt
1 Introduction
2 The Canopy
3 Construction
4 Geometry Generation
5 Structural Optimisation
6 Conclusion
References
DesignScript: A Learning Environment for Design Computation
1 Introduction
2 Data-Flow Programming Using Graph-Node Diagramming
3 Node to Code
4 Associative Programming
5 Hybrid Associative-Imperative Programming
6 Object-Oriented Programming, with User-Defined Classes
7 Conventional Imperative High-Level Languages, to Implement External Analysis and Simulation Tools
8 Conclusions
References
Frequencies of Wood – Designing in Abstract Domains
1 Introduction
2 Why Wood? 2. Textural Richness
2.2 Sample Selection
2.3 Natural Wood
3 Process / Technical Description. 3.1 Data Preparation
3.2 Fourier Analysis
3.3 Application of Filters
3.4 Colour Space
3.5 Eigenvector
4 Results
4.1 Crossover
4.2 Fugue
4.3 Mapping
5 Conclusion
5.2 Statistics
5.3 Information Theory
5.4 Outlook
References
Enhancing Free-Form Architecture with Conical Panels
1 Introduction
1.1 Previous Work
1.2 Contribution of the present paper
2 Application to architectural design with bent glass panels
3 Geometrical Prerequisites
3.1 Conjugate Directions
3.2 Developable Surfaces and Planarization
3.3 Conical and Cylindrical Panels
4 Modelling with Conical Panels
4.1 Connecting Developable and Tangent Developable
4.2 Outline of the Algorithm
4.3Choice of ruling direction
5 Examples
6 Summary and Future Research
References
Embodied Prototypes: The Interaction of Material System and Environment
1 Introduction
2 Embodiment: Situated Machines
3 Evolving Material Systems
4 Principles of Embodied Prototyping
4.1 Use the Environment as a Feedback Loop
4.2 Extend the Design Process into the Physical Domain
4.3 Physical Processes are Powerful and Come for Free
4.4 Evolution Exploits (Programmes) Material Systems and Behaviours
5 The Reality-Gap In Material Systems Design
6 Conclusion
References
Combined Self-Organising Systems for Spatial Net Structures
1.Context
2.Objectives
3 Terminology and Methods
4 Wetted Thread-Model Experiments as a Reference
4.1 Hanging Fan Configuration
4. 2 Concentric Radial Configuration – Concentric Point to Circularly Arranged Points - Constellation. Two Threads
Three Threads
Subdivision of three Threads to Five-/Nine-Thread Configuration
4.3 Radial Configuration – Point to Line Constellation
4.4 Non-Concentric Radial Configuration – One Point to Circular Arranged Points - Constellation
Radial Z-Configuration
Lenticular Z-Configuration
4.5 Bundling Length in Parallel Configuration
5 Digital Approach
6.Physical Model Studies Implementing Elastically Bent Members
7.Conclusion and Open Questions
References
A Framework for Flexible Search and Optimisation in Parametric Design
1 Introduction. 1.1 The Problem of Conflicting Goals
1.2 Evolution of Design Techniques
1.3 The Modern Design Process and Its Potentials
2 Methodology
3 Terminology
4 Example One
4.1 Search Direction for Search / Find a Search Direction
4.2 The Search Algorithms
4.3 Comparing Multi-Objective Solutions
4.4 Alternative Comparison Strategies
5 Example Two
6 The Interface
7 Conclusion
References
Operative Diagramatology: Structural Folding for Architectural Design
1 Introduction
2 Finite Element Analysis
3.Structural Diagraming
4 Plasticity Theory
5 Folding
6 Conclusion
References
The Materiability Research
1 Introduction
2 Digital Design and the Role of Materials
3 A Community Approach towards Smart Materials
3.1 Softness
3.2 Lightness
3.3 Autonomy
4 Conclusion
References
Ascending Curve - Digital Realisation of Shanghai Tower
1 Overview
2 Parametric Design
3 Digital Platform Based Performance-Based Design
4 Edge-Cutting BIM (Building Information Model)
5 BIM-Based Construction
6 Conclusion
MIKADOweb – Innovative Light-Weight Structure
1 Introduction
2 Project Description
4 Development
5 Erection Method
6 Use of Bamboo
7 Details
8 Conclusion
References
Fuzzy Modelling with Self-Organising Maps
1 Introduction
2 Example Implementation
3 Result
4 Discussion. 4.1 Effects on the Design Process
4.2 Two Types of Attributes
5 Conclusion
6 References
ALIVE - Designing with Aggregate Behaviour in Self-Aware Systems
1 Introduction
2 Growth Processes
3 Topology Management, Simulation and Initial Digital Calibration
4 Assembly System Development
5 Discussion
References
Integrated Design Methods for the Simulation of Fibre-Based Structures
1 Introduction. 1.1 Current Applications of Fibre Composites in Architecture
1.2 Current Integrated CAE and CAD Simulation Techniques
2 Materiality. 2.1 Characteristics of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP)
2.2 Advanced Fabrication Method
3 Simulation of Fabrication Process
4 Simulation Method of the Reciprocity of Fibre Materiality and Geometry. 4.1 General
4.2 Coupling Interface
4.3 Implementation of FRP in the FE-Modelling
5 Conclusion
References
Behavioural Prototyping: An Approach to Agent-Based Computational Design. Driven by Fabrication Characteristics and Material Constraints
1 Introduction
2 Research Objectives: Emergent Complexity as Bottom-Up Organised Complexity
3 Methodology. 3.1 Agent-Based System: Constrained Generating Procedures (CGPs)
3.2 Agent-Based System: Behaviour-Based System in the Computational Design Tool
4 Result: Generative Agent-Based Computational Design Tool
5 Constrained Generating Procedures (CGPs) in the Computational Design Tool
6 Behaviour-Based System in Computational Design Tool
7 Discussion and Conclusion
References
From Generic to Specific - Prototyping a Computational Growth Model
1 Introduction
2 The Computational Method
2.1 Approximation
2.2 Surface Growth
3 Proof of Concept
3.1 Workshop
4 Case Study and Material Application
4.1 Roof Design
4.2 Material Specifics
4.3 Prototyping
4.4 Joints
4.5 Manoeuvres and Logistics
5 Conclusions
References
Linear Folded V-shaped Stripes
1 V-Shaped Stripes
2 Stripe-Elements and their Generation
3 Regular Star-Like Nodes and their Corresponding Tessellation
4 Genotype-Variations and their Corresponding Tessellations
5 Semi-Regular Star-Like-Nodes
6 Irregular Star-Like Nodes and their Corresponding Tessellations
7 The Structural Implications of Linear-Folded V-Shaped Stripes
8 Combined Assembly Strategies
References
Free-Form Shading and Lighting Systems from Planar Quads
1 Previous Work and Geometric Basics of Torsion-Free Support Structures
2 Designing Reflection Patterns
3 Manufacturing
4 Stability
4.1 Algorithm
4.2 Interpretation of Results
5 Conclusion
References
Optimisation of the Building Skin Geometry to Maximise Solar Energy Collection
1 Introduction
2 Solar Optimisation Methology. 2.1 Objective Function
2.2 Envelope Description
2.3 Genetic Algorithms
3 Optimisations with Different Shading Patterns. 3.1 Optimisation Conditions
3.2 Results and Comparison for Different Shading Patterns
4 Solar Right
References
Analysing The Performance-Based Computational Design Process: A Data Study
1 Introduction
2 Methods. 2.1 Tools
2.2 Teaching Context
3. Experiment. 3.1 Data
3.2 Analysis
4 Discussion and Further Work
5 Conclusions
References
Climate-Specific Mass-Customisation of Low-Technology Architecture as Part of a High-Technology Process
1 Situation
2 Approach
3 Goals
4 Set-Up
5 Process. 5.1 Design
5.2 Climate Concepts
5.3 Reference Sites
5.4 Parameter Space
5.5 Simulations
5.6 Performance Assessment
6 Results
6.1 Performance-Based Mass-Customization
6.2 Site-Specificity
6.3 Limitations
7 Conclusion
References
Examples for Tool Integration in Design Concepts and Production Methods of Load Carrying Structures
1 Introduction. 1.1 Production
1.2 Materiality
2 Work Report. 2.1 Abstract of the Projects
2.2 Realized Work / The RobArch. Conditions [7]
Design Concept
Worksteps
Optimization Process
2.3 Work in Progress / Double-Curved UHPC Structures
Adaptive Formworks - Concepts
Comparison Formworks - Different Concepts, Same Restrictions
Comparison Formworks – Qualities
3 Conclusion and Preview
References
Unlocking Robotic Design
1 Motivation
2 Fabricating Large-Scale Elements in the Creative Industry
3 Visual Robot Programming
4 The Red Bull Racing Arch
5 A Custom Interface for Subtractive Fabrication
6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Autonomous Tectonics - A Research into Emergent Robotic Construction Methods
Robotic Construction, Autonomous Tectonics, Thermo Formations
1 Origins of Robotic Construction Techniques
2 Definition of Robotic Constructions
3 Definition of Autonomous Construction Methods
4 Definition of Autonomous Tectonics
5 Hypothesis of Autonomous Tectonics
6 Proof of Concept Model Created at Apophenic Ecologies Studio
7 Scale-Ability of Process
8 Conclusion
9 Results
References
Material Products: How Data is Successfully Transformed into Real-World Objects
1 Introduction
2 Case Study I: UntoThisLast. 2.1 The Shop Factory
2.2. Parametric G-Code
2.3. System Comparison
2.4. Implications
3 Case Study II: Multiplex Bowls. 3.1 Project Description
3.2. The Retailer: Heimatwerk (Swiss Crafts Centre)
3.3. The Producer: Valida AG
3.4. Industrial Product Development
3.5. Commercial Presentation
3.6. Further Development
4. Conclusion
The Design Carport – Prototyping Matter
1 Introduction
2 The Design Carport - A Case Study. 2.1 Brief
2.2 Materiality
2.3 Manufacturing Techniques
2.4 Structural Process
2.5 Geometrical Process
2.3 Digital and Material Workflow
Modelling
Form-Finding
Structural optimization
Tessellation
Fabrication
Mock-Up
Construction and Assembly
Joint Covers
3 Conclusion
4 References
Sketch-Based Pipeline for Mass Customisation
1 Introduction
2 Related Work. 2.1 Line Drawings and Sketch-Based Shape Retrieval
2. 2 Sketch-Based Shape Modelling
2.3 3D Printing and Digital Fabrication
3 Shape Retrieval
3.1 View selection and rendering
3.2 Feature Extraction
3.3 Visual Vocabulary
3.4 Feature extraction
3.5 Retrieval
4 Shape Modelling
5 Fabrication
Printing volume
Self-intersections
Thin-Features
6 Results and Discussion
References
Prototyping Robotic Production: Development of Elastically-Bent Wood-Plate Morphologies with Curved Finger-Joint Seams
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
2.1 Material Performance in Robotic Fabrication
2.2 Development of a Prototypical Architectural Material System
3 Conclusion
References
Design and Manufacturing of Self-Supporting Folded Structures Using Incremental Sheet Forming
1 Introduction
2 Details
3 Prototype
4 Production
4.1 Pyramidal Elements
5 Automation
6 Large Scale
7 Conclusions
References
Architectural “Making” Modes in Relation to Prototype Notions. The Stripe Pavilion: Progression from a Bespoke to a Parametric-Algorithmic Mode
1 Architecture and “Making” Practice
2 Prototype Notions
3 Convergence of Modes and Prototypes
4 The Stripe Pavilion for Stockholm
4.1 Physical Proto-Morph Model
4.2 From a Physical to a Digital Proto-Morph Model – Intrinsic Relations between Parametric-Algorithmic and Bespoke Design
4.3 A Generative Parametric-Algorithmic Model
4.4 An Extractive Mechanism – From Physical Bespoke to Digital Models
4.5 Form-Informing Mode – Focused Physical Prototyping
4.6 Form-Finding Focused Digital Prototyping
4.7 Comprehensive Physical Prototype Model
5 Summary and Reflections
References
Blended Prototyping Design for Mobile Applications
1 Introduction - Prototyping
2 Prototyping of Mobile Software User Interfaces
3 Blended Prototyping
4 Blended Prototyping Environment
5 Blended Prototyping Design Process. 5.1 Tracking and Positioning
5.2 Process of Digitalisation
5.3 Blending the Physical and Virtual World
5.4 Definition and Positioning of Widgets
6 Blended Prototyping in Practice
7 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Design Workflows for Digitally Calibrated Heterogenous Building Elements
1 Introduction
1.1 Function Representation Modelling
1.2 Topology Optimization
2 Generating the Envelope Shape
3 Creating a Stress-Dependent Internal Gradual Microstructure
4 Translation of the Microstructure into the FRep Representation
5 Conclusion
6 Outlook
References
Sustainability-Open: Why Every Building Will Be Sustainable in the Future
1 Introduction
2 Sustainable Design
3 Open Source
4 Methodology and High-Level Software Architecture
5 Framework
6 Components
7 Implementation
8 Licensing
9 Next Version of the Framework
10 Discussion
11 Conclusions
References
Prototyping Helixator
1 Paper
2 Modelling Approach
2.1 Model 1 - Monorail Feasibility
2.2 Model 2 - Complete Monorail
2.3 Models 3-5 - Geometrical Research
3 Understanding the Holloway Machine Geometry
3.1 Levytator
4 Helixator‘s Step Chain And Rail Design. 4.1 Step Chain – General
4.2 Model 6 – Step-Chain Design Concept
4.3 Printing Model 7
4.4 Files
4.5 Rail
4.6 Step Chain - Printed Model
5 Rail Engagement
6 Operation
7 Conclusions
References
Validation Framework for Urban Mobility Product-Service Systems by Smart Hybrid Prototyping
1 Introduction. 1.1 Product-Service Systems (PSS)
1.2 Validation of Product-Service Systems
2 Smart Hybrid Prototyping (SHP) 2.1 Development of Smart Hybrid Prototypes
2.2 Field of Application
2.3 Adaption for PSS Validation
3 Research Methodology. 3.1 Clarifying the Procedure
3.2 Urban Mobility
3.3 Approach for PSS Application Example
3.4 Approach to Develop a SHP for PSS (SHP4PSS)
4 Discussion
5 Summary and Outlook
References
Porsche Pavilion - Designing the World‘s Largest Seamless Monocoque Shell
1 Introduction
2 Design Process
3 Fabrication and Assembly
4 Conclusion
References
The Generator 2.0
1.Introduction
2 Feedback and Learning
3 The Original System. 3.1 Background
3.2 A Cybernetic System
3.3 Integrating the Machine
3.4 Computer Gets Bored
3.5 The Learning Process
4 The Actual Implemenation. 4.1 Proof of Concept
4.2 An Under-Developed Idea
4.3 Time Scales
5 Generator 2.0
5.1 An Implicit Approach
5.2 ‘Understanding’ the Machine
5.3 Implementation
5.4 Genotype to Phenotype
5.5 Human Feedback
5.6 Learning Process
5.7 Results
5.8 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
A Process where Performance Drives the Physical Design
1 Introduction and Precedence
2 Proposition
2.1 Chain Sensing
2.3 Outline
2.4 Questions
3 Methodology and Set-Up
3.1 Embedded Sensors: SensorActive-BuildingBlocks as Self-InformedBody
3.2 (B) Simulation and Sensor Fusion Directing Emergence of theArtefact
4 Observations and Evaluation. 4.1
4.2
5 Conclusion
References
Gradient Grid - A Spring Mesh with Different Zones of Flexibility
1 State of Technology
2 Transfer
3 Workflow Set-Up
Parameters defined manually:
Parameters defined by user data:
4 Workflow Run-Through. In the following, the individual steps of a typical workflow are being described:
5 Application in Ergonomic Seating
6 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Serial and Persistent Prototyping Addressing Architectural Acoustics
1 Introduction
2 Research Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
6 References
Author Index
List of Contributors
Imprint
Produktion
Copyright
