Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications

Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications
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WEARABLE AND NEURONIC ANTENNAS FOR MEDICAL AND WIRELESS APPLICATIONS This new volume in this exciting new series, written and edited by a group of international experts in the field, covers the latest advances and challenges in wearable and neuronic antennas for medical and wireless applications. Antenna development and engineering is changing at a rapid pace, and it is incredibly important that engineers, scientists, and students in the field have a valuable reference work to consult. Students are able to use this book as a learning tool, and professors and industrial short courses are able to use it as a textbook. Covering all of the advances and developments of wearable and neuronic antennas for medical and wireless applications, this outstanding new volume offers information not available anywhere else in any other format. Covering new research and development of antenna designs never seen before, this volume, written and edited by a team of experts in the field, breaks new ground, offering new solutions to engineering and scientific problems to experts in the field, while providing the full theoretical and conceptual background for the practical applications. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library.

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Группа авторов. Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications

Preface

1. Machine Learning Aided Channel Equalization in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Related Literature Review

1.3 System Model

1.4 Existing Methods for Equalization in FBMC. 1.4.1 One-Tap Zero Forcing Equalizer

1.4.2 MMSE Block Equalizer

1.5 Proposed Machine Learning-Based FBMC Equalizer

1.6 Results and Discussion

1.7 Summary

References

2. Implantable Cardio Technologies: A Review of Integrated Low Noise Amplifiers

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Background on Low Noise Amplifiers. 2.2.1 ECG Signal Characteristics

2.2.2 General ECG Readout Amplifier System Architecture and Design Considerations

2.2.3 Low Noise Amplifier Circuit Design

2.2.4 Operational Transconductance Amplifier Circuits Used in LNA Design

2.2.4.1 Typical Telescopic Cascode Amplifier [39]

2.2.4.2 Complementary Input Closed Loop Amplifier [40]

2.2.4.3 Fully Differential Current Reuse OTA [41]

2.2.4.4 Fully Reconfigurable OTA Using Floating Gate Transistors [42]

2.2.4.5 Low Noise OTA with Output Boosting Technique [44]

2.2.4.6 Low Noise Low Power OTA [46]

2.2.4.7 Cross Coupled Load Current Reuse OTA [47]

2.2.4.8 Fully Differential Stacked OTA [48]

2.3 Applications of Low Noise Amplifiers

2.3.1 For Implantable Bio-Sensors

2.3.2 For Measuring and Recording ECG Signal

2.4 Conclusion

References

3. Detecting COVID-19 Through Lung X-Ray Imaging: An Alternative Using Modified CNN Architecture

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Literature Review

3.3 Proposed Methodology

3.3.1 Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)

3.3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

3.3.2.1 General Model of CNN

3.3.2.2 Convolutional Network

3.3.2.3 Pooling Layer

3.3.2.4 Fully Connected Layer

3.3.2.5 Activation Function

3.3.2.6 Calculation of Gradient Descent in CNN Architecture

3.3.3 Proposed Algorithm

3.3.4 Model Architecture

3.4 Results

3.5 Conclusion

References

4. Wireless Body Area Network Antenna

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 On Body WBANs

4.1.2 In Body WBANs

4.1.3 Non-Medical Applications for WBAN

4.1.4 Principle of Operation

4.1.4.1 Transmitter

4.1.4.2 Receiver

4.1.5 Design Aspects of WBANs

4.1.6 Hardware Requirements

4.2 Literature Review

4.3 Proposed Work. 4.3.1 Geometry of Antenna

4.3.2 Parametric Analysis. 4.3.2.1 Effect of Radius of Vias

4.3.2.2 Effect of Length of Feed

4.3.2.3 Effect of Length of Conductive Portion of Ground

4.4 Result

4.5 Conclusion

References

5. Analysis of RF-DC Rectifier Input Impedance for the Appropriate Design of Matching Network for Wireless RF Energy Harvesters

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Need and Advantages of Energy Harvesters

5.1.2 RF Energy Sources

5.2 RF Energy Harvesting Processing Block

5.3 Matching Network & RF-DC Rectifier

5.4 Study of Input Impedance of Rectifier

5.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

6. Secured Schemes for RF Energy Harvesting Mobile Computing Networks with Multiple Antennas Based on NOMA and Access Points Selection

6.1 Introduction

6.2 System and Channel Models

6.3 Performance Analysis and Optimization. 6.3.1 Performance Analysis

6.3.2 Optimization

6.4 Numerical Results and Discussion

6.5 Conclusion

Appendix A

References

7. Performance and Stability Analysis of CNTFET SRAM Cell Topologies for Ultra-Low Power Applications

7.1 Introduction

7.2 CNTFET Based SRAM Memory Cell

7.3 Simulation Results and Comparative Performance Analysis

7.4 Stability Analysis of Proposed SRAM Cells

7.5 Conclusion

References

8. Arrow Shaped Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for ISM Applications

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Antenna Design

8.3 Results

8.4 Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

8.5 Conclusion

References

9. Edge-Fed Semicircular Antenna Enabled With Pins and Slots for Wireless Applications

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Configuration of Proposed Antenna

9.2.1 Analysis of Notch Loading Antenna

9.2.2 Analysis of Slots in Antenna

9.3 Specifications

9.4 Result and Discussions

9.5 Conclusion

References

10. A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Application

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Antenna Design

10.3 Simulation Results

10.4 Conclusion

References

11. Waveform Optimization in Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G Technology

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Related Literature Review

11.3 System Model: OFDM System

11.4 POPS: A Popular Existing Method for OFDM Waveform Optimization

11.5 Proposed Method for the Waveform Optimization in OFDM Systems

11.6 Results and Discussion

11.7 Summary

References

12. Wearable Antennas for Biomedical Applications

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Need of Wearable Antennas

12.3 Design Considerations for Wearable Antenna

12.4 Materials for Wearable Antenna

12.4.1 Fabric Materials

12.4.2 Non Fabric Materials

12.5 Fabrication Methods for Wearable Antenna

12.5.1 Stitching and Embroidery

12.5.2 Screen Printing

12.5.3 Inkjet Printing

12.5.4 Chemical Etching

12.6 Measurements for Wearable Antenna

12.6.1 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

12.6.2 Performance on Human Body

12.6.3 The Bending and Crumpling Effects

12.7 Frequency Bands for Wearable Antenna

12.8 Applications of Wearable Antenna in Biomedical

12.9 Conclusion

References

13. Received Power Based Jammer Localization Using Unscented Kalman Filtering

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Related Work

13.3 System Model

13.3.1 Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)

13.4 Simulation and Results

13.5 Summary

References

Index

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(1.9)

where n represents the additive noise term which is usually modeled as Gaussian random variable.

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