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Группа авторов. Nitric Oxide in Plants
Nitric Oxide in Plants. A Molecule with Dual Roles
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Preface
List of Contributors
1 Nitric Oxide: A Dynamic Signaling Molecule Under Plant Stress
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Historical Evidence and Biosynthesis of Nitric Oxide
1.1.2 NO Biosynthesis in Plants
1.2 The Function of Nitric Oxide in Plants
1.3 NO’s Role in Biotic Stress
1.3.1 Interaction of NO with Other Molecules to Confer Biotic Stress Responses in Plants
1.4 Nitric Oxide’s Role in Abiotic Stress
1.4.1 Crosstalk of Nitric Oxide with Other Phytohormones in Plants to Confer Abiotic Stress Tolerance
1.5 NO and Gene Regulation in Plants
1.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
2 Regulation of NO Biosynthesis Under Abiotic Stresses and Modulation Due to Osmolytes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biosynthesis of NO
2.2.1 Nitrate Reductase
2.2.2 Mechanisms of Oxidative NO Synthesis
2.2.3 Nonenzymatic Synthesis of NO
2.3 NO Signaling and Gene Regulation Under Abiotic Stress
2.4 Role of NO in Metabolic and Developmental Pathways
2.5 Role of NO in Overcoming Abiotic Stress
2.5.1 Drought and Low Mineral Nutrient Supply
2.5.2 Salinity
2.5.3 Ultraviolet Radiation
2.5.4 Heavy Metals
2.6 NO Modulation and Regulation by Osmolytes Under Abiotic Stress
2.7 Conclusions
References
3 Role of Nitric Oxide in Abiotic Stress
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biosynthesis of NO in Plants
3.2.1 Reductive Route of NO Production
3.2.2 Oxidative Route of NO Production
3.3 NO Signaling in Plants
3.3.1 S-nitrosylation of Cysteine Residues
3.3.2 Tyrosine Nitration
3.4 NO Cross-talk with Phytohormones During Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants
3.4.1 NO–Auxin Interaction
3.4.2 NO–Gibberellic Acid Interaction
3.4.3 NO–Cytokinin Interaction
3.4.4 NO–Abscisic Acid Interaction
3.4.5 NO–Ethylene Interaction
3.4.6 NO Interaction with Other Plant Hormones
3.5 NO Function in Abiotic Stress
3.5.1 NO in Drought and Salinity Stress
3.5.2 NO in Temperature Stress
3.5.3 NO in Heavy Metal Stress
3.6 Conclusions
References
4 Molecular Approaches for Designing NO-mediated Stress Tolerance Pathways
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biosynthesis of NO in Plants
4.3 NOS
4.4 NR
4.5 NO-controlled Functions in Plants
4.6 NO-mediated Posttranslational Modifications
4.7 NO and Ion Homeostasis
4.8 NO and Phytohormones
4.9 NO-mediated Modification of Hormones and Fatty Acids Modulate Signaling Pathways or Physiological Responses in Plants
4.10 Plant Stress Responses and NO
4.11 NO in Connection with Temperature Stress
4.12 NO in Connection with Salinity Stress
4.13 NO in Connection with Heavy Metal Stress
4.14 Expression of Other Genes in NO metabolism
4.15 Engineering Stress Tolerance in Plants Through NO Pathways
References
5 Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Toward Sustainable Agriculture Development Role of Nitric Oxide
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nitrogen Assimilation and Uptake by Plants
5.3 Molecular Basis of NUE
5.4 Plant Density to Testify N2 Rate
5.5 NUtE in Plants
5.6 Nitrogen Contribution to Sustainable Agriculture Development
References
6 Regulation of Plant Growth by Microbe-Assisted Nitric Oxide Production
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sources and Production of NO
6.2.1 Biosynthesis of NO in Plants
6.2.1.1 Oxidative Pathway. 6.2.1.1.1 NOS Enzyme
6.2.1.1.2 Polyamines (PAs)
6.2.1.2 Reductive Pathway
6.2.1.2.1 NR Pathway
6.2.1.2.2 NiNOR Pathway
6.2.1.2.3 NOS-like Enzymes and XOR-Mediated Pathway
6.2.1.3 Other Enzymatic Pathways
6.2.1.4 Nonenzymatic Pathways
6.2.2 NO Production by Microbes
6.3 NO: A Signaling Molecule
6.4 NO in Response to Abiotic Stress
6.4.1 Heavy Metal Stress
6.4.2 Salt Stress
6.4.3 Drought Stress
6.4.4 Heat Stress
6.5 Impression of Microorganisms on Plant Growth Under Abiotic Stress
6.6 NO in Response to Biotic Stress
6.6.1 NO and Disease Resistance
6.6.2 ROS and NO During Pathogen Defense
6.7 NO and Symbiotic Interactions in Roots
6.8 ROS and NO in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses
6.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
7 Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species Interaction for Stress Signaling
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Plant Metabolism of ROS and Nitric Oxide: A Summary
7.3 ROS and NO in Action at the Molecular Level
7.4 Crosstalk Between Reactive Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur Species
7.5 Crosstalk in Abiotic Stress. 7.5.1 Heavy Metals
7.5.2 Water Shortage
7.5.3 Flooding
7.5.4 Salinity Stress
7.5.5 Dystermia
7.6 Crosstalk in Biotic Stress
7.7 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
8 Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle Nitric Oxide and Phytohormone Interactions for Plant Stress Tolerance
8.1 Introduction
8.2 AsA-GSH Cycle
8.2.1 Components of AsA-GSH Cycle. 8.2.1.1 APX
8.2.1.2 MDHAR
8.2.1.3 DHAR
8.2.1.4 GR
8.2.1.5 AsA
8.2.1.6 GSH
8.3 NO
8.3.1 S-nitrosylation
8.3.2 Tyrosine Nitrate
8.4 AsA-GSH Cycle and NO
8.5 AsA-GSH Cycle Interaction with Phytohormones
8.6 NO and Phytohormone Interaction
8.6.1 NO and AUX
8.6.2 ABA and NO
8.6.3 RT and NO
6.4 CKs and NO
6.5 NO and GAs
8.6.6 JA and NO
8.6.7 SA and NO
8.6.8 BRs and NO
8.6.9 SLs and NO
8.7 Conclusion
References
9 Phytohormones and Nitric Oxide Cross-talk in Regulation of Stress Tolerance in Plants
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Cross-talk Between Phytohormones and NO in Drought Stress Tolerance
9.3 Cross-talk Between Phytohormones and NO in Salinity Stress Tolerance
9.4 Cross-talk Between Phytohormones and NO in Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance
9.5 Cross-talk Between Phytohormones and NO in Temperature Stress Tolerance
9.6 Cross-talk Between Phytohormones and NO in Other Stress Tolerance
9.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
10 Nitric Oxide Cross-talk with Phytohormones Vis-à-Vis Photosynthetic Regulation Under Extreme Environments
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Sources of NO Production in Plants
10.3 The Role of NO in Nutrient Acquisition for Phytohormone Production and Regulation of Photosynthesis
10.4 The Role of NO in Phytohormone Production and Regulation of Photosynthesis
10.5 The Role of NO-Mediated Phytohormone Production for Photosynthesis
10.6 The Role of NO in Phytohormone Production for Regulation of Programmed Cell Death for Photosynthesis
10.7 The Role of NO in Phytohormone Production for Regulation of Photosynthate Partitioning During Photosynthesis
10.8 Effect of NO to Regulate Gene Expression for Phytohormones Under Abiotic Stress for Photosynthesis
10.9 Concluding Remarks
References
11 Polyamines and Nitric Oxide Interaction in Abiotic Stress Regulation in Plants
11.1 Introduction
11.2 PA Biosynthesis and Catabolism
11.3 NO Biosynthesis
11.4 PAs and NO in Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants
11.4.1 Water Stress
11.4.2 Salt Stress
11.4.3 Extreme Temperature Stress
11.4.4 Heavy Metal Stress
11.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
12 Nitric Oxide: Interaction with Auxins, Brassinosteroids, and Abscisic Acid
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Insights from NO and Auxin Interaction Studies
12.2.1 NO at the Level of Auxin Biosynthesis
12.2.2 NO Cross-talk at the Level of Auxin Signaling
12.2.3 NO at the Level of Auxin Transport
12.2.4 NO and Auxin Interaction During Stress Responses
12.3 NO and ABA Interactions
12.3.1 Role of NO in the ABA Signaling Pathway
12.3.2 NO–ABA Interaction During Abiotic Stresses
12.4 NO and BR Interactions
12.5 Role of NO During Stress Tolerance: Regulatory Interactions with Hormones
12.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
13 Nitric Oxide: Interaction with Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid, and Ethylene
13.1 Introduction
13.2 NO Synthesis
13.3 NO as a Potent Antioxidant
13.4 NO as a Signaling Molecule
13.5 Interaction Between NO and Phytohormones
13.5.1 Interaction of NO with SA
13.5.2 Interaction of NO with JA
13.5.3 Interaction of NO with ET
13.6 Jamming between NO, SA, and JA/ET
13.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Index
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