Mathematics in Computational Science and Engineering

Mathematics in Computational Science and Engineering
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MATHEMATICS IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING This groundbreaking new volume, written by industry experts, is a must-have for engineers, scientists, and students across all engineering disciplines working in mathematics and computational science who want to stay abreast with the most current and provocative new trends in the industry. Applied science and engineering is the application of fundamental concepts and knowledge to design, build and maintain a product or a process, which provides a solution to a problem and fulfills a need. This book contains advanced topics in computational techniques across all the major engineering disciplines for undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and postdoctoral students. This will also be found useful for professionals in an industrial setting. It covers the most recent trends and issues in computational techniques and methodologies for applied sciences and engineering, production planning, and manufacturing systems. More importantly, it explores the application of computational techniques and simulations through mathematics in the field of engineering and the sciences. Whether for the veteran engineer, scientist, student, or other industry professional, this volume is a must-have for any library. Useful across all engineering disciplines, it is a multifactional tool that can be put to use immediately in practical applications. This groundbreaking new volume: Includes detailed theory with illustrations Uses an algorithmic approach for a unique learning experience Presents a brief summary consisting of concepts and formulae Is pedagogically designed to make learning highly effective and productive Is comprised of peer-reviewed articles written by leading scholars, researchers and professors [b]AUDIENCE: Engineers, scientists, students, researchers, and other professionals working in the field of computational science and mathematics across multiple disciplines

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Группа авторов. Mathematics in Computational Science and Engineering

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Table

Guide

Pages

Mathematics in Computational Science and Engineering

Dedication

Preface

1. Brownian Motion in EOQ

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Assumptions in EOQ. 1.2.1 Model Formulation

1.2.1.1 Assumptions

1.2.1.2 Notations

1.2.1.3 Inventory Ordering Cost

1.2.1.4 Inventory Holding Cost

1.2.1.5 Inventory Total Cost in EOQ

1.2.2 Example

1.2.3 Inventory Control Commodities in Instantaneous Demand Method Under Development of the Stock

1.2.3.1 Assumptions

1.2.3.2 Notations

1.2.3.3 Model Formulation

1.2.3.4 Numerical Examples

1.2.3.5 Sensitivity Analysis

1.2.4 Classic EOQ Method in Inventory

1.2.4.1 Assumptions

1.2.4.2 Notations

1.2.4.3 Mathematical Model

1.3 Methodology

1.3.1 Brownian Motion

1.4 Results

1.4.1 Numerical Examples

1.4.2 Sensitivity Analysis

1.4.3 Brownian Path in Hausdorff Dimension

1.4.4 The Hausdorff Measure

1.4.5 Levy Processes

1.5 Discussion

1.5.1 Future Research

1.6 Conclusions

References

2. Ill-Posed Resistivity Inverse Problems and its Application to Geoengineering Solutions

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Fundamentals of Ill-Posed Inverse Problems

2.3 Brief Historical Development of Resistivity Inversion

2.4 Overview of Inversion Schemes

2.5 Theoretical Basis for Multi-Dimensional Resistivity Inversion Technqiues

2.6 Mathematical Concept for Application to Geoengineering Problems

2.7 Mathematical Quantification of Resistivity Resolution and Detection

2.8 Scheme of Resistivity Data Presentation

2.9 Design Strategy for Monitoring Processes of IOR Projects, Geo-Engineering, and Geo-Environmental Problems

2.10 Final Remarks and Conclusions

References

3. Shadowed Set and Decision-Theoretic Three-Way Approximation of Fuzzy Sets

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Preliminaries on Three-Way Approximation of Fuzzy Sets. 3.2.1 Shadowed Set Approximation

3.2.2 Decision-Theoretic Three-Way Approximation

3.3 Theoretical Foundations of Shadowed Sets

3.3.1 Uncertainty Balance Models

3.3.1.1 Pedrycz’s (Pd) Model

3.3.1.2 Tahayori-Sadeghian-Pedrycz (TSP) Model

3.3.1.3 Ibrahim-William-West-Kana-Singh (IWKS) Model

3.3.2 Minimum Error or Deng-Yao (DY) Model

3.3.3 Average Uncertainty or Ibrahim-West (IW) Model

3.3.4 Nearest Quota of Uncertainty (WIK) Model

3.3.5 Algorithm for Constructing Shadowed Sets

3.3.6 Examples on Shadowed Set Approximation

3.4 Principles for Constructing Decision-Theoretic Approximation

3.4.1 Deng and Yao Special Decision-Theoretic (DYSD) Model

3.4.2 Zhang, Xia, Liu and Wang (ZXLW) Generalized Decision-Theoretic Model

3.4.3 A General Perspective to Decision-Theoretic Three-Way Approximation

3.4.3.1 Determination of n, m and p for Decision-Theoretic Three-Way Approximation

3.4.3.2 A General Decision-Theoretic Three-Way Approximation Partition Thresholds

3.4.4 Example on Decision-Theoretic Three-Way Approximation

3.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions

References

4. Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets: Theory to Practice

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Preliminaries

4.2.1 Rough Set Theory

4.2.2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Theory

4.2.3 Intuitionistic Fuzzy-Rough Set Theory

4.3 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4 Extension and Hybridization of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.1 Extension

4.4.1.1 Dominance-Based Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.1.2 Covering-Based Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.1.3 Kernel Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.1.4 Tolerance-Based Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.1.5 Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.2 Hybridization

4.4.2.1 Variable Precision Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.2.2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Neighbourhood Rough Sets

4.4.2.3 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multigranulation Rough Sets

4.4.2.4 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets

4.4.2.5 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets and Soft Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.2.6 Multi-Adjoint Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.4.2.7 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Quantified Rough Sets

4.4.2.8 Genetic Algorithm and IF Rough Sets

4.5 Applications of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets

4.5.1 Attribute Reduction

4.5.2 Decision Making

4.5.3 Other Applications

4.6 Work Distribution of IFRS Country-Wise and Year-Wise

4.6.1 Country-Wise Work Distribution

4.6.2 Year-Wise Work Distribution

4.6.3 Limitations of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Set Theory

4.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

5. Satellite-Based Estimation of Ambient Particulate Matters (PM2.5) Over a Metropolitan City in Eastern India

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Methodology

5.3 Result and Discussions

5.4 Conclusion

References

6. Computational Simulation Techniques in Inventory Management

6.1 Introduction. 6.1.1 Inventory Management

6.1.2 Simulation

6.2 Conclusion

References

7. Workability of Cement Mortar Using Nano Materials and PVA

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Literature Survey

7.3 Materials and Methods

7.4 Results and Discussion

7.5 Conclusion

References

8. Distinctive Features of Semiconducting and Brittle Half-Heusler Alloys; LiXP (X=Zn, Cd)

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Computation Method

8.3 Result and Discussion. 8.3.1 Structural Properties

8.3.2 Elastic Properties

8.3.3 Electronic Properties

8.3.4 Thermodynamic Properties

8.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

9. Fixed Point Results with Fuzzy Sets

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Definitions and Preliminaries

9.3 Main Results

References

10. Role of Mathematics in Novel Artificial Intelligence Realm

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Mathematical Concepts Applied in Artificial Intelligence

10.2.1 Linear Algebra

10.2.1.1 Matrix and Vectors

10.2.1.2 Eigen Value and Eigen Vector

10.2.1.3 Matrix Operations

10.2.1.4 Artificial Intelligence Algorithms That Use Linear Algebra

10.2.2 Calculus

10.2.2.1 Objective Function

10.2.2.2 Loss Function & Cost Function

10.2.2.2.1 Types of Loss Functions

10.2.2.3 Artificial Intelligence Algorithms That Use Calculus

10.2.3 Probability and Statistics

10.2.3.1 Population Versus Sample

10.2.3.2 Descriptive Statistics

10.2.3.3 Distributions

10.2.3.4 Probability

10.2.3.5 Correlation

10.2.3.6 Data Visualization Using Statistics

10.2.3.7 Artificial Intelligence Algorithms That Use Probability and Statistics

10.3 Work Flow of Artificial Intelligence & Application Areas

10.3.1 Application Areas

10.3.2 Trending Areas

10.4 Conclusion

References

11. Study of Corona Epidemic: Predictive Mathematical Model

11.1 Mathematical Modelling

11.2 Need of Mathematical Modelling

11.3 Methods of Construction of Mathematical Models. 11.3.1 Mathematical Modelling with the Help of Geometry

11.3.2 Mathematical Modelling with the Help of Algebra

11.3.3 Mathematical Modelling Using Trignometry

11.3.4 Mathematical Modelling with the Help of Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)

11.3.5 Mathematical Modelling Using Partial Differential Equation (PDE)

11.3.6 Mathematical Modelling Using Difference Equation

11.4 Comparative Study of Mathematical Model in the Time of Covid-19 – A Review. 11.4.1 Review

11.4.2 Case Study

11.5 Corona Epidemic in the Context of West Bengal: Predictive Mathematical Model. 11.5.1 Overview

11.5.2 Case Study

11.5.3 Methodology

11.5.3.1 Exponential Model

11.5.3.2 Model Based on Geometric Progression (G.P.)

11.5.3.2.1 Without Implementation of Lockdown

11.5.3.2.2 With the Implementation of Lockdown

11.5.3.3 Model for Stay At Home

11.5.4 Discussion

References

12. Application of Mathematical Modeling in Various Fields in Light of Fuzzy Logic

12.1 Introduction. 12.1.1 Mathematical Modeling

12.1.2 Principles of Mathematical Models

12.2 Fuzzy Logic

12.2.1 Fuzzy Cognitive Maps & Induced Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

12.2.2 Fuzzy Cluster Means

12.3 Literature Review

12.4 Applications of Fuzzy Logic

12.4.1 Controller of Temperature

12.4.2 Usage of Fuzzy Logic in a Washing Machine

12.4.3 Air Conditioner

12.4.4 Aeronautics

12.4.5 Automotive Field

12.4.6 Business

12.4.7 Finance

12.4.8 Chemical Engineering

12.4.9 Defence

12.4.10 Electronics

12.4.11 Medical Science and Bioinformatics

12.4.12 Robotics

12.4.13 Signal Processing and Wireless Communication

12.4.14 Transportation Problems

12.5 Conclusion

References

13. A Mathematical Approach Using Set & Sequence Similarity Measure for Item Recommendation Using Sequential Web Data

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Measures of Assessment for Recommendation Engines

13.3 Related Work

13.4 Methodology/Research Design

13.4.1 Web Data Collection Through Web Logs

13.4.2 Web User Sessions Classification

13.5 Finding or Result

13.6 Conclusion and Future Work

References

14. Neural Network and Genetic Programming Based Explicit Formulations for Shear Capacity Estimation of Adhesive Anchors

14.1 General Introduction

14.2 Research Significance

14.3 Biological Nervous System

14.4 Constructing Artificial Neural Network Model

14.5 Genetic Programming (GP)

14.6 Administering Genetic Programming Scheme

14.7 Genetic Programming In Details

14.8 Genetic Expression Programming

14.9 Developing Model With Genexpo Software

14.10 Comparing NN and GEP Results

14.11 Conclusions

References

15. Adaptive Heuristic - Genetic Algorithms

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Genetic Algorithm

15.3 The Genetic Algorithm

15.4 Evaluation Module

15.5 Populace Module. 15.5.1 Introduction

15.5.2 Initialisation Technique

15.5.3 Deletion Technique

15.5.4 Parent Selection Procedure

15.5.5 Fitness Technique

15.5.6 Populace Size

15.5.7 Elitism

15.6 Reproduction Module. 15.6.1 Introduction

15.6.2 Operators

15.6.3 Mutation

15.6.4 Mutation Rate

15.6.5 Crossover Rate

15.6.6 Dynamic Mutation and Crossover Rates

15.7 Example

15.8 Schema Theorem. 15.8.1 Introduction

15.9 Conclusion

15.10 Future Scope

References

16. Mathematically Enhanced Corrosion Detection

16.1 Introduction

16.1.1 Mathematics in NDT

16.1.2 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

16.2 Case Study: PCA Applied to PMI Data for Defect Detection

16.3 PCA Feature Extraction for PMI Method

16.4 Experimental Setup and Test

16.5 Results

16.6 Conclusions

References

17. Dynamics of Malaria Parasite with Effective Control Analysis

17.1 Introduction

17.2 The Mathematical Structure of EGPLC

17.3 The Modified EGPLC Model

17.4 Equilibria and Local Stability Analysis

17.5 Analysis of Global Stability

17.6 Global Stability Analysis with Back Propagation

17.7 Stability Analysis of Non-Deterministic EGPLC Model

17.8 Discussion on Numerical Simulation

17.9 Conclusion

17.10 Future Scope of the Work

References

18. Dynamics, Control, Stability, Diffusion and Synchronization of Modified Chaotic Colpitts Oscillator with Triangular Wave Non-Linearity Depending on the States

18.1 Introduction

18.2 The Mathematical Model of Chaotic Colpitts Oscillator

18.3 Adaptive Backstepping Control of the Modified Colpitts Oscillator with Unknown Parameters. 18.3.1 Proposed System

18.3.2 Numerical Simulation

18.4 Synchronization of Modified Chaotic Colpitts Oscillator

18.4.1 Synchronization of Modified Chaotic Colpitts Oscillator using Non-Linear Feedback Method

18.4.2 Numerical Simulation

18.5 The Synchronization of Colpitts Oscillator via Backstepping Control

18.5.1 Analysis of the Error Dynamics

18.5.2 Numerical Simulation

18.6 Circuit Implementation

18.7 Conclusion

References

Index

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Resistivity inversion methods have been implemented successfully for a variety of applications. However, the method has not been tested fully in various possible applications, such as for monitoring in-situ processes for improved oil recovery (IOR), environmental and geotechnical aspects of landfills and similar retainment structures. This may be because field surveys conducted until recently were done manually. Manual execution involves direct human activity to set up current and potential electrodes, electrode connections, and to take measurements of the induced potential field arising from current injection into the ground; this tends to make long-term investigations uneconomical or impractical. Another reason may be that field data are sometimes difficult to interpret in terms of a geologic model, owing to a lack of an appropriate interpretive tool (inversion model), poor resolution, poor quality data, or poor data coverage. The advent of the personal computer has led to dramatically increased efficiency in data collection. It is now possible to measure and interpret field data with a far better resolution and coverage than could be obtained with manual data collection, particularly if a fixed-electrode strategy is used. This in turn enhances the possibility of obtaining unambiguous geological interpretations of the field data because incomplete or varying locations for data sets over a time interval can be difficult to interpret. Mathematical tool discussed herein believes that the possible applications of direct-current resistivity methods are now limited mainly by our lack of imagination or opportunity, and it is likely that many more applications will be attempted in the future.

Whenever a sufficient resistivity change over a region or at a front is generated as a result of a dynamic process such as groundwater contamination or IOR processes, the induced electrical-field response to that process can be modeled with an appropriate mathematical tool, and an optimum monitoring strategy determined. This monitoring capability can be achieved with currently available technology at relatively low expense, and it may be highly complementary to other monitoring methods (e.g., seismic response, geochemistry changes, surface displacement data, and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data in the case of IOR projects).

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