This eBook edition of «The Pictures of German Life Throughout» has been formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. Volume 1: Life of the German Peasant (1240-1790): The duration of modern nations German agriculture in the time of the Romans, the Carlovingians, and the Hohenstauffen… The Life of the Lower Nobility (1500-1800): The country nobles in the sixteenth century The court nobles The detrimental effects of the Great War… The German Citizen and his Shooting Festivals (1300-1800): Gradual development of the citizen class Decline after the Thirty Years' War… The State Policy and the Individual (1600-1700): The dissolution of the German Empire The Prince's parties The despotic official administration… The «Stillen im Lande» or Pietists (1600-1700): Tendencies of Protestantism till 1618 Consequences of the war The older Pietism… The Dawning of Light (1750): Changes in the human mind from the invention of printing Mathematical discipline and natural science Law Philosophy and its position with respect to theology… Volume 2: Away from the Garrison (1700): The army, and the constitution of the State The country militia and their history The soldiery of the Sovereign Change of organisation after the war… The State of Frederic the Great (1700): The kingdom of the Hohenzollerns Childhood of Frederic Opposition to his father… Of the Year of Tuition of the German Citizen (1790): Influence of Frederic on German art, philosophy, and historical writing The aspect of a city in 1790 The coffee gardens and the theatres… The Period of Ruin (1800): The condition of Germany Courts and cities of the Empire… Rise of the Nation (1807-1815): Sorrowful condition of the people in the year 1807 The first signs of rising strength Hatred of the French Emperor Arming of Prussia Character and importance of the movement of 1813… Illness and Recovery (1815-1848): The time of reaction Hopelessness of the German question…
Оглавление
Gustav Freytag. The Pictures of German Life Throughout History
The Pictures of German Life Throughout History
Table of Contents
Volume 1
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. THE LIFE OF THE GERMAN PEASANT
(1240–1790.)
CHAPTER II. THE LIFE OF THE LOWER NOBILITY
(1500–1800.)
CHAPTER III. THE CITIZEN AND HIS SHOOTING FESTIVALS
(1300–1800.)
CHAPTER IV. STATE POLICY AND THE INDIVIDUAL
(1600–1700.)
CHAPTER V "DIE STILLEN IM LANDE," OR PIETISTS
(1600–1700.)
CHAPTER VI. THE DAWNING OF LIGHT
(1750.)
FOOTNOTES:
Volume 2
Table of Contents
CHAPTER VII. AWAY FROM THE GARRISON
(1700.)
CHAPTER VIII. THE STATE OF FREDERIC THE GREAT
(1700.)
CHAPTER IX. OF THE SCHOOLING OF THE GERMAN CITIZEN
(1790.)
CHAPTER X. THE PERIOD OF RUIN
(1800.)
CHAPTER XI. RISE OF THE NATION
(1807–1815.)
CHAPTER XII. THE ILLNESS AND RECOVERY
(1815–1848.)
CONCLUSION
FOOTNOTES:
Отрывок из книги
Gustav Freytag
18th and 19th Century
.....
"If there be still any children living with their father and mother who feel disposed to be jovial knights, let them take warning from the fate of Helmbrecht."
Thus ends the story of young Helmbrecht, who was desirous of becoming a knight. And such on the whole we may consider was the condition and disposition of the free peasantry at the beginning of the long period of decline, which loosened the connection of the German Empire, founded the power of the great princely houses, made the burgher communities of fortified cities rich and powerful, and which was also the beginning of that wild time of self-help and free fraternization of cities, as of nobles. But the details of the changes which the German peasant underwent from 1250 to 1500, can no longer be accurately discerned by us. The wild deeds of violence and oppression of the robber-nobles, drove the helpless into the cities, and the enterprising into foreign countries. There were always opportunities of fighting under the sign of the cross against Sclavonians, Wends, and Poles, and on the east of the Elbe, broad countries were opened for the weapons and the plough of the German countryman. There was agitation also in the minds of men. The new despotism of the Roman papacy and of the fanatical Mendicant friars, drove the Katharers on the Rhine, and the Stedingers in Lower Saxony, to apostacy from the church. Where the free peasants were thickly located and favoured by the nature of their country, they rose in arms against the oppression of feudal lords. In the valleys of Switzerland and in the marsh lands on the German ocean, the associated country people gained victories over the mailed knights, which still belong to the glorious reminiscences of the people. But in the interior of Germany, the peasantry under the increasing oppression of the nobles and a degenerate church, became weaker, more incapable, and coarser; ever more powerfully did the barons lord it over them. Even the resident free peasant of Lower Saxony was cast down from the place of honour, which he once maintained above the knightly serving man. The consciousness of a higher civilisation and more refined manners caused the citizen also to despise the countryman,--his love of eating, his rough simplicity, and his crafty shrewdness were treated with endless derision.
