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Haider Raad. Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design
About the Author
Preface
Acknowledgment
1 Introduction and Historical Background. 1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 IoT and Wearables Market Size
1.1.2 The World of IoT and Wearables
1.1.2.1 What Is an IoT Device?
1.1.2.2 Characteristics of IoT Systems
1.1.2.3 What Exactly Is a Wearable Device?
1.1.2.4 Characteristics of Wearable Devices
1.1.2.5 IoT vs. M2M
1.1.2.6 IoT vs. Wearables
1.1.3 IoT: Historical Background
1.1.4 Wearable Technology: Historical Background
1.1.4.1 The Wearables We Know Today
1.1.5 Challenges
1.1.5.1 Security
1.1.5.2 Privacy
1.1.5.3 Standards and Regulations
1.1.5.4 Energy and Power Issues
1.1.5.5 Connectivity
1.2 Conclusion
Problems
Interview Questions
Further Reading
Notes
2 Applications. 2.1 Introduction
2.2 IoT and Wearable Technology Enabled Applications. 2.2.1 Health care
2.2.2 Fitness and Well‐being
2.2.3 Sports
2.2.4 Entertainment and Gaming
2.2.5 Pets
2.2.6 Military and Public Safety
2.2.7 Travel and Tourism
2.2.8 Aerospace
2.2.9 Education
2.2.10 Fashion
2.2.11 Business, Retail, and Logistics
2.2.12 Industry
2.2.12.1 The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
2.2.13 Home Automation and Smart Living
2.2.14 Smart Grids
2.2.15 Environment and Agriculture
2.2.16 Novel and Unusual Applications
2.3 Smart Cities
2.4 Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
2.5 Conclusion
Problems
Interview Questions
Further Reading
Notes
3 Architectures. 3.1 Introduction
3.2 IoT and Wearable Technology Architectures. 3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.1.1 The Motivations Behind New Architectures
3.2.1.1.1 Centralized vs. Decentralized Network
3.2.1.1.2 What Is the Difference Between Centralized and Decentralized Networks?
3.2.1.2 Edge Computing
3.2.1.3 Cloud, Fog, and Mist. 3.2.1.3.1 Cloud Computing
3.2.1.3.2 Fog Computing
3.2.1.3.3 Mist Computing
3.2.2 IoT Architectures
3.2.2.1 The OSI Model
3.2.2.2 Why Does the OSI Model Matter?
3.2.2.2.1 7. The Application Layer
3.2.2.2.2 6. The Presentation Layer
3.2.2.2.3 5. The Session Layer
3.2.2.2.4 4. The Transport Layer
3.2.2.2.5 3. The Network Layer
3.2.2.2.6 2. The Data Link Layer
3.2.2.2.7 1. The Physical Layer
3.2.2.3 Data Flow Across the OSI Model
3.2.2.4 Common IoT Architectures
3.2.2.4.1 Basic Three‐Layer IoT Architecture
3.2.2.4.2 oneM2M Architecture
3.2.2.4.3 Layers of oneM2M Architecture
3.2.2.4.4 The IoT World Forum (IoTWF) Architecture
3.2.2.4.5 A Simple and Versatile IoT Architecture
3.2.2.5 Layer 1: Perception and Actuation (Sensors and Actuators)
3.2.2.6 Layer 2: Data Conditioning and Linking (Aggregation, Digitization, and Forwarding)
3.2.2.7 Layer 3: Network Transport (Preprocessing, Preliminary Analytics, and Routing)
3.2.2.8 Layer 4: Application (Analytics, Control, and Archiving)
3.2.3 Wearable Device Architecture
3.3 Conclusion
Problems
Technical Interview Questions
Further Reading
Notes
4 Hardware. 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Hardware Components Inside IoT and Wearable Devices
4.2.1 Sensors
4.2.1.1 Sensor Properties
4.2.1.2 MEMS Sensors
4.2.1.3 Commonly Used Sensors in IoT and Wearable Devices
4.2.1.3.1 Accelerometers
4.2.1.3.2 Gyroscopes
4.2.1.3.3 Magnetometers
4.2.1.3.4 Hall Effect Sensors
4.2.1.3.5 Altimeters
4.2.1.3.6 Flex Sensors
4.2.1.3.7 Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Sensors
4.2.1.3.8 Temperature Sensors
4.2.1.3.9 Biochemical Sensors
4.2.1.3.10 Electroencephalograph (EEG) Sensors
4.2.1.3.11 Optical Heart Rate Sensors
4.2.1.3.12 Gesture Sensors
4.2.1.3.13 Proximity Sensors
4.2.1.3.14 Capacitive and Inductive Sensors
4.2.1.3.15 Passive Infrared (PIR)
4.2.1.3.16 LiDAR
4.2.1.4 Wireless Sensors
4.2.1.5 Multisensor Modules
4.2.1.6 Signal Conditioning for Sensors
4.2.2 Actuators
4.2.3 Microcontrollers, Microprocessors, SoC, and Development Boards
4.2.3.1 Selecting the Right Processing Unit for Your IoT or Wearable Device
4.2.4 Wireless Connectivity Unit
4.2.5 Battery Technology
4.2.5.1 Power Management Circuits
4.2.6 Displays and Other User Interface Elements
4.2.7 Microphones and Speakers
4.3 Conclusion
Problems
Technical Interview Questions
Further Reading
Notes
5 Communication Protocols and Technologies. 5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of Networks
5.3 Network Topologies
5.3.1 Mesh
5.3.2 Star
5.3.3 Bus
5.3.4 Ring
5.3.5 Point to Point
5.4 Protocols. 5.4.1 Application Layer Protocols
5.4.1.1 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
5.4.1.2 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
5.4.1.3 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
5.4.1.4 Data Distribution Service (DDS)
5.4.1.5 AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol)
5.4.2 Transport Layer Protocols
5.4.2.1 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
5.4.2.2 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
5.4.3 Network Layer Protocols
5.4.3.1 IPv4 and IPv6
5.4.3.2 6LoWPAN
5.4.3.3 RPL
5.4.3.4 Thread
5.4.3.5 LoRaWAN
5.4.4 Protocols and Technologies in Physical and Data Link Layers
5.4.4.1 Short Range. 5.4.4.1.1 Bluetooth (Short Range, High Data Rate, Low Power)
5.4.4.1.2 NFC and RFID (Short Range, Low Data Rate, Low Power)
5.4.4.1.3 Z‐Wave (Short Range, Low Data Rate, Low Power)
5.4.4.2 Medium Range. 5.4.4.2.1 Wi‐Fi (Medium Range, High Data Rate, High Power)
5.4.4.2.2 ZigBee (Medium Range, Low Data Rates, Low Power)
5.4.4.3 Long Range. 5.4.4.3.1 LPWAN and LoRa (Long Range, Low Data Rate, Low Power)
5.4.4.3.2 Sigfox (Long Range, Low Data Rate, Low Power)
5.4.4.3.3 Cellular Technology (Long Range, High Data Rate, High Power)
5.5 Conclusion
Problems
Technical Interview Questions
Further Reading
Note
6 Product Development and Design Considerations. 6.1 Introduction
6.2 Product Development Process
6.2.1 Ideation and Research
6.2.2 Requirements/Specifications
6.2.3 Engineering Analysis
6.2.3.1 Hardware Design
6.2.3.2 PCB Design
6.2.3.3 Software Development
6.2.3.4 Mechanical Design
6.2.4 Prototyping
6.2.5 Testing and Validation
6.2.5.1 Review and Design Verification
6.2.5.2 Unit Testing
6.2.5.3 Integration Testing
6.2.5.4 Certification and Documentation
6.2.5.5 Production Review
6.2.6 Production
6.3 IoT and Wearable Product Requirements
6.3.1 Form Factor
6.3.2 Power Requirements
6.3.2.1 Energy Budget
Example
6.3.3 Wireless Connectivity Requirements
6.3.3.1 RF Design and Antenna Matching
6.3.3.2 Link Budget
6.3.3.2.1 Tips
6.3.4 Cost Requirements
6.4 Design Considerations
6.4.1 Operational Factors
6.4.2 Durability and Longevity
6.4.3 Reliability
6.4.4 Usability and User Interface
6.4.5 Aesthetics
6.4.6 Compatibility
6.4.7 Comfort and Ergonomic Factors
6.4.8 Safety Factors
6.4.9 Washing Factors (Wash‐ability)
6.4.10 Maintenance Factors
6.4.11 Packaging and Material Factors
6.4.12 Security Factors
6.4.13 Technology Obsolescence
6.5 Conclusion
Problems
Interview Questions
Further Reading
Notes
7 Cloud and Edge: Architectures, Topologies, and Platforms. 7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cloud. 7.2.1 Why Cloud?
7.2.2 Types of Cloud
7.2.2.1 Private Cloud
7.2.2.2 Public Cloud
7.2.2.3 Hybrid Cloud
7.2.2.4 Community Cloud
7.2.3 Cloud Services
7.2.3.1 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
7.2.3.2 Software as a Service (SaaS)
7.2.3.3 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
7.2.3.4 Functions as a Service (FaaS)
7.2.4 OpenStack Architecture
7.2.4.1 Components of OpenStack
7.3 Edge and Fog
7.3.1 The OpenFog Reference Architecture2
7.3.2 Fog Topologies
7.4 Platforms
7.4.1 Criteria for Choosing a Platform
7.5 Data Analytics and Machine Learning
7.6 Conclusion
Problems
Technical Interview Questions
References
Further Reading
Notes
8 Security. 8.1 Introduction
8.2 Security Goals
8.3 Threats and Attacks
8.3.1 Threat Modeling
8.3.2 Common Attacks
8.4 Security Consideration
8.4.1 Blockchain
8.5 Conclusion
Problems
Technical Interview Questions
Further Reading
Notes
9 Concerns, Risks, and Regulations. 9.1 Introduction
9.2 Privacy Concerns
9.3 Psychological and Social Concerns
9.3.1 Psychological Concerns
9.3.2 Social Concerns
9.4 Safety Concerns
9.5 Health Concerns
9.5.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Specific Absorption Rate
9.5.2 Diseases and Effects. 9.5.2.1 Cancer
9.5.2.2 Fertility
9.5.2.3 Vision and Sleep Disorders
9.5.2.4 Pain and Discomfort
9.5.2.5 Other Risks
9.5.3 Recommendations
9.6 Regulations
Further Reading
Note
10 Detailed Product Design and Development: From Idea to Finished Product
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Product I (IoT): Vineyard Monitor
10.2.1 Product Requirements and Design Considerations
10.2.2 Communication Network/Technology Selection
10.2.3 Hardware Selection and Breadboarding
10.2.3.1 Breadboarding Example
10.2.4 Prototyping
10.2.4.1 Fritzing
10.2.5 Power Consumption
10.2.6 Software, Cloud, Platforms, API, etc
10.2.6.1 Sigfox Callback
10.2.6.2 RESTful Web Services
10.2.7 Microcontroller Coding
10.2.7.1 Sigfox Messages
10.2.7.2 Bit Packing
10.2.7.3 IFTTT Integration
10.2.8 From Breadboard to PCB
10.2.8.1 Hand Soldering the Surface Mount Components (SMCs)
10.2.9 Testing and Iteration
10.2.10 PCB to Finished Product
10.3 Product II (Wearable): Fall Detection Device
10.3.1 Product Requirements and Design Considerations
10.3.2 Design Block Diagram
10.3.3 Flowchart
10.3.4 Unified Modeling Language (UML)
10.3.5 Hardware Selection
10.3.6 Hardware Implementation and Connectivity
10.3.6.1 Hardware Modules and Interfaces Overview
10.3.7 Software Implementation
10.3.7.1 Fall Detection Algorithm
10.3.8 Smartphone iOS App
10.3.9 Cloud Solution
10.3.9.1 Cloud versus Edge Computing
10.3.10 Security
10.3.11 Power Consumption
10.3.12 Delivery
10.4 Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Index. a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
z
Solution Manual. Chapter 1 Homework Problems:
Chapter 2 Homework Problems:
Chapter 3 Homework Problems:
Chapter 4 Homework Problems
Chapter 5 Homework Problems
Chapter 6 Homework Problems
Chapter 7 Homework Problems:
Chapter 8 Homework Problems
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