A Brief History of Modern Philosophy

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Harald Høffding. A Brief History of Modern Philosophy

A Brief History of Modern Philosophy

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

First Book: The Philosophy of the Renaissance

FIRST BOOK. the philosophy of the renaissance

A. The Discovery of the Natural Man

B. The New Conception of the World

C. The New Science

Second Book: The Great Systems

SECOND BOOK. the great systems

Third Book: English Empirical Philosophy

THIRD BOOK. english empirical philosophy

Fourth Book:Philosophy of the Enlightenment in France and Germany

FOURTH BOOK

Fifth Book: Immanuel Kant and the Critical Philosophy

C. Opponents and First Disciples

Sixth Book: The Philosophy of Romanticism

SIXTH BOOK

C. The Undercurrents Of Critical Philosophy In The Romantic Period

Seventh Book: Positivism

E. The Philosophy of Evolution

F. Positivism in Germany and Italy

Eighth Book: New Theories of the Problem of Being upon a Realistic Basis

EIGHTH BOOK

B. Modern Idealism in England and France

Ninth Book: New Theories of the Problem of Knowledge and of Value

3. The Economico-biological Theory of Knowledge

B. The Problem of Values

Chronology of the Most Important Works

​INDEX

Отрывок из книги

Harald Høffding

Published by Good Press, 2021

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3. Nicholas Copernicus (Coppernick), the founder of the modern theory of the universe, was born at Thorn (1473), studied at Cracow and at various Italian Universities and was prebendary at Frauenburg, partly as Administrator, devoting part of his time to his studies. He took no part in the great controversies agitating his ​age. But he seems to have had a measure of sympathy with the religious movement, and he fell into discredit during his latter years on account of his liberal, humanistic tendency. He began the elaboration of his astronomical theory already in 1506, but he was hesitant about its publication, and the first printed copy of his work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium only appeared shortly before his death (1543). The matter which specially concerns us is the epistemological presuppositions which form the basis of this work. Two of its presuppositions must claim our attention.

Nature always takes the simplest course. The theory of the whole universe revolving around so small a body as the earth is inconsistent with this principle. And the case is similar with the theory that the planetary orbits should not be simple circles but a very complicated system of epicycles. On the other hand, if we regard the sun as the center of the universe, and the earth and the planets as revolving around it, we have a very simple theory of the universe.

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