This work is a translation of the German edition «Der Nukleonenspin als Ursache der starken Wechselwirkung». (Dec. 2020). The strong interaction is supposed to describe the forces which are active in the atomic nucleus between the nuclear building blocks. Until today, however, it has not been possible to design a theory free of contradictions. Instead, in the 1970s, the theory of «quantum chromodynamics» emerged, in which the name itself is based on an analogy. Just like the «color charges» mentioned as cause of the interaction. The question is only: Analogy to what and due to which energy? Because either it refers to the electric energy, then there would have to be some kind of electric parallel energy, but this is nonsensical. Or it doesn't refer to the electric energy, then it must be a form of energy which already exists. But quantum chromodynamics makes no statement about this. This QCD theory standing on shaky feet thus virtually challenges the contradiction. In order to oppose this very artificial theory with a down-to-earth one, it is important to keep in mind the basics of the known interactions. All particle systems can build up only if their particles have besides their energy also an opposite property by which they can interact. The simplest system is a binary system, e.g. a common salt crystal. The opposite properties are the electrically positive and negative charge of the ions. But which opposite property enables an interaction of the nucleons? It cannot be an electric charge. The astonishing answer to this question is given in this paper at the end. It also becomes clear that quantum chromodynamics is a fallacy. For a better understanding, contents of earlier publications of the author are partly included.
Оглавление
Helmut Albert. The Nucleon Spin as Cause of the Strong Interaction
CONTENT
THE NUCLEON SPIN AS CAUSE OF THE STRONG INTERACTION
Helmut Albert. Imprint:
PRELIMINARY REMARKS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. STATE OF RESEARCH. 2.1 STRONG INTERACTION
2.2 ATTRACTIVE AND REPULSIVE EFFECTS IN THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
2.3 YUKAWA THEORY
2.4 INSERT: Standard Model of Particle Physics
2.5 QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS
2.6 NUCLEAR MODELS AND NUCLEON PAIRS
2.7 NEW EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
3. COUNTERPOSITION: QCD. 3.1 CRITICAL VIEW: QCD
3.2 THE NUCLEON SPIN AS CAUSE OF THE STRONG INTERACTION
3.3 RESEARCH RESULTS
3.4 PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS BY THE AUTHOR
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
5. FIGURES
6. SUMMARY
7. BIOGRAPHY
Отрывок из книги
Spin up and Spin down
New theories and positions outside the academic community are not heard very often. But there are reasons to open up. After all, many decades have passed in which highly specialized scientists and gigantic particle accelerators have brought hardly any progress to the theory of the strong interaction. People still cling to the so-called Quantum chromodynamics, the name of which makes one think more of the description of a painting by Jackson Pollock than of an interaction between atomic building blocks. However, it would not be the first time in history that science would be subject to decades of error, as was the case, for example, with the "Phlogiston theory" in the 18th century. But in order not only to criticize, but also to make a productive contribution, I publish here a counterposition to the theory of Quantum chromodynamics. This paper partly incorporates contents of my work on checkerboard atomic structure published between 2017 and 2019.
.....
With closer view, the Quantum chromodynamics one recognizes the adventurous hypotheses of this theory, so that it is not difficult to take a counterposition. In the second part this theory is shown. The basis of this counter theory is the rotational energy and rotational direction of the nucleons. According to this theory they are the key to the understanding of the strong interaction of the atom. The paper partly includes contents of earlier works. Finally, the latest results of investigations on atomic nuclei are shown and put in relation to the "new" theory.
For the sake of simplicity, the term particle physics (Elementary particle physics) is also used in this paper to refer to nuclear physics. The term atomic nucleus is used as a designation for the particle system of protons and neutrons, but it does not mean that the author also assumes an atomic shell.
