The Colonization of North America: 1492-1783
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Herbert Eugene Bolton. The Colonization of North America: 1492-1783
The Colonization of North America: 1492-1783
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Table of Contents
PREFACE
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLONIES
CHAPTER I. THE BACKGROUND AND THE DISCOVERY
GROWTH OF GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE
PORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES
COLUMBUS AND THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
CHAPTER II. THE FOUNDING OF NEW SPAIN (1492-1543)
SPAIN DURING THE CONQUEST
THE OCCUPATION OF THE WEST INDIES
BEGINNINGS OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY
EXPLORATION OF THE MAINLAND COASTS AND THE SEARCH FOR A STRAIT
THE MAYAS AND THE NAHUAS
THE CONQUEST OF CENTRAL AMERICA
THE CONQUEST OF THE VALLEY OF MEXICO
THE SPREAD OF THE CONQUEST
EXPLORATIONS IN THE NORTHERN INTERIOR AND ON THE PACIFIC. FLORIDA
CÍBOLA AND QUIVIRA
CALIFORNIA AND THE PHILIPPINES
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VICEROYALTY OF NEW SPAIN
CHAPTER III. THE EXPANSION OF NEW SPAIN (1543-1609)
OLD AND NEW SPAIN UNDER PHILIP II
THE MINES OF NORTHERN MEXICO
THE SETTLEMENT OF THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD
FOREIGN INTRUSIONS IN THE ATLANTIC
THE PHILIPPINES AND CALIFORNIA
THE FOUNDING OF NEW MEXICO
SPANISH ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
CHAPTER IV. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRENCH COLONIES (1500-1700)
THE FRENCH BACKGROUND
EARLY EXPLORATIONS AND COLONIZING EFFORTS
ACADIA
THE ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY
REORGANIZATION AND THE IROQUOIS WARS
THE WEST INDIES
OPENING THE UPPER LAKE REGION AND THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
CHAPTER V. THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH EXPANSION (1485-1603)
THE TUDOR PERIOD
COMMERCIAL EXPANSION
THE ELIZABETHAN SEA-DOGS
SEARCH FOR A NORTHWEST PASSAGE
ATTEMPTS AT COLONIZATION
CHAPTER VI. THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AND INSULAR COLONIES (1603-1640)
ENGLAND UNDER THE EARLY STUARTS, 1603-1640
THE COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF THE EARLY STUARTS
THE FOUNDING OF VIRGINIA
THE FOUNDING OF MARYLAND
THE BERMUDAS
GUIANA
THE LESSER ANTILLES
THE PROVIDENCE ISLAND COMPANY
CHAPTER VII. THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW ENGLAND (1606-1640)
THE PURITAN MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND
PLYMOUTH COLONY
COLONIZING ACTIVITIES ON THE NEW ENGLAND COAST
THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
EXPANSION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY. RHODE ISLAND
SETTLEMENTS IN THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY
CHAPTER VIII. THE ENGLISH COLONIES DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1640-1660)
POLITICS, ADMINISTRATION, AND EXPANSION
NEW ENGLAND DEVELOPMENT
VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND, 1640-1660
CHAPTER IX. THE DUTCH AND SWEDISH COLONIES (1609-1644)
DUTCH EXPANSION
NEW NETHERLANDS
THE DUTCH AND THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE
ABSORPTION OF NEW NETHERLANDS BY THE ENGLISH
CHAPTER X. THE OLD ENGLISH COLONIES UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689)
COLONIAL POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION
MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT
MISRULE AND REBELLION IN VIRGINIA
DISCONTENT IN MARYLAND
ROYAL INTERFERENCE IN NEW ENGLAND
CHAPTER XI. EXPANSION UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689)
NEW YORK
THE JERSEYS
PENNSYLVANIA
THE INSULAR COLONIES
THE CAROLINAS
WESTERN TRADE AND EXPLORATION
HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY
CHAPTER XII. THE ENGLISH MAINLAND COLONIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
NEW ENGLAND
NEW YORK AND EAST NEW JERSEY
COLONIES ALONG DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION
SOUTH CAROLINA
EXPANSION AND INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT
CHAPTER XIII. THE SPANISH ADVANCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
SPAIN AND THE COLONIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
FRONTIER ADMINISTRATION
THE MISSIONS
THE JESUITS IN SINALOA AND SONORA
EFFORTS TO OCCUPY LOWER CALIFORNIA
THE SETTLEMENT OF CHIHUAHUA
NEW MEXICO IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
COAHUILA OCCUPIED
FIRST ATTEMPTS IN EASTERN TEXAS
THE STRUGGLE WITH RIVALS IN THE WEST INDIES
THE STRUGGLE WITH THE ENGLISH ON THE CAROLINA BORDER
CHAPTER XIV. THE WARS OF THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH SUCCESSIONS (1684-1713)
THE PRELIMINARY STRUGGLE FOR THE NORTHERN FUR COUNTRY
THE WAR OF THE ENGLISH SUCCESSION
THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN
THE WAR OF THE CANADIAN FRONTIERS
ACTIVITIES ON HUDSON BAY; PEACE
THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
THE WAR IN THE WEST INDIES
THE WAR ON THE FLORIDA BORDER
THE WAR ON THE CANADIAN BORDER
THE HUDSON BAY COMPANY
THE PEACE OF UTRECHT
CHAPTER XV. THE FRENCH IN LOUISIANA AND THE FAR NORTHWEST (1699-1762)
THE FOUNDING OF LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA UNDER THE COMPANY OF THE INDIES (1717-1731)
LOUISIANA UNDER THE ROYAL GOVERNORS
THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI WEST
THE ADVANCE TOWARD NEW MEXICO
THE FAR NORTHWEST
CHAPTER XVI. TEXAS, PIMERÍA ALTA AND THE FRANCO-SPANISH BORDER CONFLICT (1687-1763)
NORTHEASTWARD ADVANCE OF THE SPANISH FRONTIER
THE FOUNDING OF TEXAS
WAR WITH FRANCE
THE EXPANSION OF TEXAS
THE FRANCO-SPANISH BORDER
PIMERÍA ALTA
THE JESUITS IN LOWER CALIFORNIA
CHAPTER XVII. THE ENGLISH ADVANCE INTO THE PIEDMONT, 1715-1750
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT
DEFENCE OF THE NORTHERN FRONTIER
REORGANIZATION OF THE CAROLINAS
THE FOUNDING OF GEORGIA
THE GERMAN AND SWISS MIGRATION
THE SCOTCH-IRISH
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SETTLEMENT OF THE PIEDMONT
CHAPTER XVIII. ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
GENERAL FEATURES
NEW ENGLAND INDUSTRY
THE MIDDLE COLONIES
THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
LABOR SYSTEMS
FEATURES OF SOCIETY
BARBADOS, THE LEEWARD ISLES, AND JAMAICA
CHAPTER XIX. THE ENGLISH COLONIAL SYSTEM (1689-1763)
THE FIRST REORGANIZATION OF WILLIAM III
WILLIAM'S SECOND REORGANIZATION
THE COLONIAL SYSTEM DURING THE REIGN OF ANNE
THE COLONIAL SYSTEM UNDER THE WHIGS
CHAPTER XX. A QUARTER-CENTURY OF CONFLICT: THE EXPULSION OF THE FRENCH (1715-1763)
SPAIN AND THE POWERS, 1715-1739
THE WAR OF JENKINS' EAR
THE WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
THE APPROACH OF ANOTHER CONFLICT
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
CHAPTER XXI. THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE: THE OCCUPATION OF ALTA CALIFORNIA AND LOUISIANA BY SPAIN (1763-1783)
READJUSTMENT IN SPANISH NORTH AMERICA
THE RUSSIAN MENACE
THE FOUNDING OF ALTA CALIFORNIA
NORTHERN EXPLORATIONS
LOUISIANA UNDER SPAIN, 1762-1783
CHAPTER XXII. THE NEW BRITISH POSSESSIONS (1763-1783)
PROVISIONS FOR DEFENCE, GOVERNMENT, AND THE FUR TRADE
THE OCCUPATION OF THE FLORIDAS
MILITARY OCCUPATION OF THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY
LAND SPECULATION AND PLANS FOR WESTERN COLONIES
TRANS-ALLEGHANY SETTLEMENT
THE SETTLEMENT OF EASTERN TENNESSEE
THE BEGINNINGS OF KENTUCKY
THE UPPER OHIO AND MIDDLE TENNESSEE
THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC
THE NORTHERN FUR TRADERS
THE REVOLT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES
CHAPTER XXIII. THE CONTROVERSY OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES WITH THE HOME GOVERNMENT (1763-1775)
THE BACKGROUND OF THE CONTEST
REFORMS OF THE GRENVILLE MINISTRY
REPEAL OF THE STAMP ACT
THE TOWNSHEND ACTS
BEGINNING OF ORGANIZED RESISTANCE
THE TEA CONTROVERSY
LORD NORTH'S COERCIVE POLICY
THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
CHAPTER XXIV. FROM LEXINGTON TO INDEPENDENCE (1775-1776)
THE OPENING OF HOSTILITIES
THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
THE LOYALISTS
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
CHAPTER XXV. THE STRUGGLE FOR THE MUDDLE STATES (1776-1777)
THE CONTEST FOR NEW YORK
THE NEW JERSEY CAMPAIGN
THE STRUGGLE WITH BURGOYNE
THE CONTEST FOR PHILADELPHIA
CHAPTER XXVI. THE WAR AS AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEST
THE FRENCH ALLIANCE
THE WAR IN THE WEST
SPAIN IN THE WAR 3
THE WAR ON THE SEA AND THE DUTCH ALLIANCE
CHAPTER XXVII. THE CLOSING YEARS OF THE REVOLUTION (1778-1781)
THE WAR IN THE SOUTH
THE YORKTOWN CAMPAIGN
THE TREATY OF PEACE
CHAPTER XXVIII. GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE REVOLUTION
THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
FINANCIAL AFFAIRS
STATE GOVERNMENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
GOVERNMENTAL REORGANIZATION
Footnotes
Отрывок из книги
Herbert Eugene Bolton & Thomas Maitland Marshall
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLONIES
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The revolt of Cortés.—In the very year of the founding of Panamá Hernando Cortés entered Mexico. The return of the expeditions of Córdova and Grijalva to the Mexican coast had caused excitement in Cuba. Governor Velásquez prepared an expedition to follow them up, and appointed Cortés to lead it. Becoming distrustful of his lieutenant, Velásquez sent messengers to recall him, but Cortés set forth, nevertheless. In defiance of the governor, on February 18, 1519, he left Cuba, a rebel, with eleven vessels, some six hundred men, and sixteen horses. Proceeding to Tabasco and up the coast, he founded Vera Cruz, by whose cabildo he was chosen captain-general and justicia mayor, and his position was thus given the color of legality. By this act Cortés placed himself under the immediate protection of the king.
The march to Mexico.—On the way and while at Vera Cruz Cortés had learned that the Aztec "empire" was honeycombed with dissension, and that the subject peoples were burdened with tribute and filled with hatred for Montezuma, the native ruler at the city of Mexico. He therefore assumed the rôle of deliverer, and the Indians rallied to his standard. At Cempoalla he connived at a revolt against Montezuma's tax gatherers. Scuttling his ships and thus cutting off all chance for retreat, in August he set out for Mexico. His march was a succession of audacious deeds. At Cempoalla he threw down heathen idols and imprisoned the chiefs. At Tlascala he was attacked by several thousand warriors, but his genius changed them into allies in his train. At Cholula, discovering a conspiracy, he raked the streets with cannon shot and burned the leaders at the stake. In triumph he entered the great pueblo of Tenochtitlán or Mexico. While lodged as a guest of Montezuma in the center of the city, he seized the Aztec ruler and held him prisoner.
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