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Ian Peate. The Nursing Associate at a Glance
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
The Nursing Associate at a Glance
Preface
Terminology
References
Acknowledgements
Platform 1. Being an accountable practitioner. Chapters
1 The Code
Top Tip
The Code
Prioritise people
Practise effectively
Preserve safety
Promote professionalism and trust
2 Legal and ethical
Top Tip
The law and ethics
Ethics
The ethical principles
Autonomy
Beneficence
Non‐maleficence
Justice
Law
Parallels with ethics and law
3 Duty of Candour
Box 3.1 Six criteria laid out in law that have to be met for a whistleblowing concern
Top Tip
The Duty of Candour
The Nursing Associate
Openness and Honesty
Whistleblowing
Challenges to the Duty of Candour
Courage
4 Non‐discriminatory behaviour
Top Tip
Protected characteristics
Discriminatory behaviour
Challenging discriminatory behaviour
Chapter 5 The demands of professional practice
Case Study 5.1
Top Tip
Vulnerability
Stress
Recognising vulnerability
Responding to stress
Chapter 6 Health and well‐being: self‐care
Top Tip
The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)
Health and well‐being
Resilience
Self‐care
Chapter 7 The principles of research and evidence‐based practice
Top Tip
Research
Evidence‐based practice
8 Emotional intelligence
Top Tip
Definition
Emotional intelligence
Resilience
9 Effective communication
Box 9.1 Communicating with a person who has a cognitive impairment
Box 9.2 Communicating with children and young people and their families
Communicating with people with chronic and long‐term condition
Top Tip
Effective communication
Engaging with patients and their families
Effective communication
Connecting with patients
Unconditional positive regard
10 Maintaining appropriate relationships
Box 10.1 Being helpful and avoiding boundary violation
Box 10.2 The Six Ps and social media
Top Tip
The Nursing Associate–patient relationship
Professional boundaries
Boundary violations
Use of social media
11 Advocacy and person‐centred sensitive care
Top Tip
Person‐centred sensitive care
Towards a Definition
Advocacy
12 Reporting adverse incidents
Box 12.1 Being open and honest when something goes wrong with treatment or care
Top Tip
Safety and effective care
Adverse incidents
Reporting
Duty of Candour
13 Numeracy, literacy, digital and technological skills
Box 13.1 Suggestions to enhance confidence in relation to numeracy and maths
Top Tip
Numeracy
Literacy
Digital and technological skills
Digital literacies
14 Record keeping
Box 14.1 Retention of records
Box 14.2 Good record keeping
Top Tip
Keeping clear and accurate records
Countersigning records
Good record keeping
Legal standards
15 Reflective practice
Top Tip
Reflective practice
Definitions
Models of reflection
The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) and reflection
16 Promoting public confidence in the profession
Top Tip
Professionalism
The Code
Good care
Platform 2. Promoting health and preventing ill health. Chapters
17 Principles of health promotion
Top Tip
Health promotion and health education
Definition
Health promotion models and approaches
The Stages of Change model
18 Health behaviours
Top Tip
Definition
Health behaviours
Patterns of behaviour
Gender
Age
Education
19 Epidemiology, demography and genomics
Top Tip
Epidemiology
Demography
Genomics
20 Health inequalities
Box 20.1 Some examples of long‐term conditions
Top Tip
Health inequalities
Types of inequality
Who experiences inequalities?
How inequalities are experienced. Life expectancy
Inequalities in healthy life expectancy
Inequalities in avoidable death
Inequalities in long‐term health conditions
Inequalities in the prevalence of mental ill health
Inequalities in access to and experience of health services
21 Early years and childhood: life choices
Box 21.1 Impact of number of adverse childhood experiences
Top Tip
Adverse childhood experiences
Toxic stress
Consequences of ACEs
Preventing ACEs
22 Health literacy
Box 22.1 Impact of health literacy on health outcomes
Top Tip
Definition
Health literacy
Nutbeam’s Health Literacy Model
23 Health screening
Box 23.1 Screening Programmes in England (Public Health England, 2017)
Top Tip
Health screening
Purpose of screening programmes
Screening and testing
Population screening
24 Immunisation and vaccination
Top Tip
Immunisation
Immunisation and public health
Immunity
Vaccination
Herd immunity
25 Infection, prevention and control
Top Tip
Infection prevention and control
Principles of infection, prevention and control. Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipment
Safe handling and disposal of sharps
Safe handling and disposal of waste
Health care acquired infection
Antimicrobial resistance
Antibiotic stewardship
Platform 3. Provide and monitor care. Chapters
26 Human development
Box 26.1 Developmental stages
Top Tip
The lifespan
Prenatal
Infancy
Early and middle childhood
Adolescence
Young and middle adulthood
Late adulthood
27 Anatomy and physiology
Top Tip
Anatomy and Physiology
Body systems
Homeostasis
Anatomical terminology
The body map
Anatomical planes of the body
Anatomical regions of the body
28 Commonly encountered conditions when delivering care
Top Tip
Parity of esteem
Mortality gap
Improved understanding
29 Pre‐procedure information giving
Box 29.1 Producing patient information
Top Tip
Information giving
Ideas, concerns and expectations (ICE)
Giving information
Information leaflets
30 Shared decision‐making
Box 30.1 Benefits of shared decision‐making
Box 30.2 Some examples of when and where shared decision‐making is appropriate
Top Tip
Personalised care
Shared decision‐making
Shared decision‐making: care settings
31 Escalating concerns
Box 31.1 Physiological measurements
Top Tip
The deteriorating patient
Measurement, documentation and reporting
SBAR
RSVP
32 Dignity and comfort
Top Tip
Patient safety
Dignity and privacy
Comfort
Sleep
33 Nutrition and hydration
Box 33.1 Ascertaining normal eating habits
Box 33.2 Some signs of dysphagia
Box 33.3 Some effects of dehydration
Box 33.4 Monitoring hydration
Box 33.5 Some complications of dehydration
Box 33.6 Encouraging hydration
Box 33.7 Factors to consider with regard to bowel and bladder health
Top Tip
Malnutrition
Hydration
Bladder and bowel health
34 Mobility
Top Tip
Disease processes
Respect
Nursing interventions
35 The deteriorating patient
Top Tip
Failing to detect or to act on the deteriorating patient
Deteriorating patients
Factors impeding deterioration
36 Anxiety and confusion
Box 36.1 Physical and psychological symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults
Box 36.2 Risk factors associated with an increased risk of delirium
Top Tip
Generalised anxiety disorder
Prevalence and risk
Symptoms
Treatment and support
Confusion
Symptoms
Treatment and support
37 Discomfort and pain
Box 37.1 Possible signs of pain
Box 37.2 Pain classification
Top Tip
Pain
Acute and chronic pain management
A structured approach
38 End‐of‐life care
Top Tip
End of life
Ethics
Recognising end of life
When death has occurred
39 End‐of‐life decisions and orders
Top Tip
The law
Approaching the end of life
Advance care planning
Discussing death
40 Medicines management I
Top Tip
Medicines optimisation
Principle 1 – understanding the patent’s experience
Principle 2 – choice of medicines
Principle 3 – safe use of medicines
Principle 4 – medicines optimisation as part of routine practice
Effective administration of medicines
41 Medicines management II
Box 41.1 Anaphylaxis
Top Tip
The effects of medicines
Contraindications
Allergy and drug sensitivity
Adverse drug reaction
42 Medicines management III
Top Tip
Oral
Injection
Sublingual and buccal
Rectal
Inhalation and nebulisation
43 Working in partnership with people, families and carers
Top Tip
Partnership working
Person‐centred care
Monitoring effectiveness
44 Co‐morbidities and holistic care provision
Top Tip
Co‐morbidities
Holistic assessment
Holistic care
45 Capacity: understanding information and making decisions
Box 45.1 The Mental Capacity Act 2005
Box 45.2 Examples of permanent and short‐term lack of capacity
Box 45.3 Assessing capacity
Box 45.4 The five key principles embodied in the Mental Capacity Act
Top Tip
Capacity
Assessing capacity
Principles
46 Self‐harm and suicide
Top Tip
Definitions
Suicidal ideation
Suicide
Self‐harm
47 Sharing information
Top Tip
General Data Protection Regulation, Data Protection Act 208 and Human Rights Act
Sharing information
Consent
Platform 4. Working in teams. Chapters
48 Roles and responsibilities
Top Tip
Nursing Associates
Scope of practice
Collaborative practice
Continuing professional development
49 Interacting with members of the care team
Top Tip
The Code of Professional Conduct
Emotional exhaustion
Delegation
50 Human factors and team working
Box 50.1 Some examples of never events (Source: Adapted NHS Improvement, 2018)
Top Tip
Human factors
Never events
Learning from never events
The Nursing Associate’s input
51 Data management
Box 51.1 Some examples of functional areas as well as the format of the records
Top Tip
Data
The Professional Record Standards Body (PRSB) and the electronic health record
e‐Health technologies
52 Prioritising care and co‐morbidities
Top Tip
Co‐morbidities
Targeted interventions
Shared decisions
Primary care
53 Giving and receiving constructive feedback
Top Tip
Feedback
How to give feedback
The Feedback Sandwich
Situation, behaviour, impact feedback tool
Pendleton’s Model of Feedback
54 Role modelling
Box 54.1 The assessment process
Top Tip
Role models
Supporting and supervising others
Supervising and assessing: Nursing Associates
Practice supervision
Practice assessment
Platform 5. Improving safety and quality of care. Chapters
55 Health and safety legislation
Box 55.1 Legislation
Box 55.2 Risk assessment (see also Box 55.3)
Box 55.3 The mnemonic RISKS
Top Tip
Legislation
Risk assessment
Hazards
56 Clinical audit
Top Tip
Florence Nightingale
Audit
Stages of the audit cycle
Stage one: preparation and planning
Stage two: measuring performance
Stage three: implementing change
Stage four: sustaining improvement
57 Risk assessment tools
Top Tip
Risk assessment tools
Tools and instruments
Limitations
58 National Early Warning Score (NEWS2)
Top Tip
National Early Warning Scores (NEWS)
National Early Warning Score 2
A holistic approach
59 Hazards and incidents
Top Tip
Hazards to staff
Incidents, error and near misses
Patient safety reporting systems
Escalating concerns
60 Staffing and safe care
Box 60.1 Primary responsibilities of the Nursing Associate
Box 60.2 Steps to be taken in raising concerns
Top Tip
Skill mix
Impact of inadequate staffing levels
The Nursing and Midwifery Council
61 Revalidation
Box 61.1 The revalidation process
Top Tip
Revalidation
The Nursing Associate’s responsibility
Practice‐related feedback
Written reflection
Platform 6. Contributing to integrated care. Chapters
62 Being resilient
Box 62.1 Seven key areas associated with being resilient (Source: Adapted RCN, 2016)
Box 62.2 How resilient am I?
Top Tip
Resilience
Basic needs
Emotional stability
Confidence
Social support
Speaking your truth (be honest with yourself)
Self‐awareness and insight
Having faith
63 The roles of health and social care teams
Top Tip
Integrated care
Effective working relationships
Understanding roles
64 Long‐term conditions
Box 64.1 Long‐term health conditions and mental health problems (Source: Naylor et al., 2012)
Top Tip
Long‐term conditions
Personalised care planning
The pyramid of care for those with long‐term conditions
65 Promoting independence
Box 65.1 Points to be considered when offering people support as they regain their confidence and independence
Top Tip
Intermediate care
Core principles
Risk
Personalised goals
66 Accessing care
Top Tip
The NHS England
Access to services
Barriers to accessing services
Improving access to services
67 Discharge planning
Top Tip
Discharge planning
Transfer of care
Hospital passport
Appendix (i) Annexes A and B (NMC, 2018) Annexe A: Communication and relationship management skills. Introduction
Annexe B: Procedures to be undertaken by the Nursing Associate. Introduction
Part 1: Procedures to enable effective monitoring of a person’s condition
Part 2: Procedures for provision of person‐centred nursing care
References and bibliography. Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Index
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