Twelve Diseases that Changed Our World

Twelve Diseases that Changed Our World
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Описание книги

Covers the history of twelve important diseases and addresses public health responses and societal upheavals. Chronicles the ways disease outbreaks shaped traditions and institutions of Western civilization. Explains the effects, causes, and outcomes from past epidemics. Describes a dozen diseases to show how disease control either was achieved or failed. Makes clear the interrelationship between diseases and history. Presents material in a compelling, clear, and jargon-free prose for a wide audience. Provides a picture of the best practices for dealing with disease outbreaks.

Оглавление

Irwin W. Sherman. Twelve Diseases that Changed Our World

Twelve Diseases That Changed Our World

Contents

Preface

1 The Legacy of Disease: Porphyria and Hemophilia

Porphyria. Madness in the monarchy

Gene failure

The curse of the British royal family

Hemophilia. Blood will tell

“Catching” hemophilia

Death of the House of Romanov

The Spanish royal family bleeds out

The influence of hemophilia during World War II

Consequences

2 The Irish Potato Blight

Politics and the Great Hunger

Bite of Blight

The Great Hunger’s Cause

Consequences

3 Cholera

Cause

Containment

Quarantine

The Legend and Legacy of Florence Nightingale

Cure

Consequences

4 Smallpox: the Speckled Monster

Smallpox Spreads

Cause

“Catching” Smallpox

Control by Variolation, Eradication by Vaccination

How vaccination works

How immunity works

Attenuation and immunization

Consequences

5 Bubonic Plague

Cause

Control by Quarantine

Concerns Past

Concerns Present

Consequences

6 Syphilis: the Great Pox

Origins

Clinical Signs

“Catching” the Great Pox

Chemotherapy

Resistance

Syphilis and the Social Reformers

Today's Concerns

Control

Consequences

7 Tuberculosis: the People's Plague

Origins

Discovery

The Disease

Prelude to Prevention

“Catching” TB

Controlling Consumption

Antibiotics to the Rescue

A Vaccine for TB

Consequences

8 Malaria

Origins

The Disease

“Catching” Malaria

Control

Chemotherapy

The Elusive Malaria Vaccine

Consequences

9 Yellow Fever: the Saffron Scourge

The Disease

Origins

Failure To Control and the Louisiana Purchase

“Catching” Yellow Fever

Successful Control and Construction of the Panama Canal

A Vaccine

Consequences

10 The Great Influenza

Cause

Drifting and Shifting Thwart Control

Pandemics and Pathogenicity

Control

Consequences

11 AIDS: the 21st Century Plague

Cause

A Crippled Immune System

Inherited Resistance

“Catching” HIV

From Pan to Pandemic

Chemotherapy

Failure To Control

Control by Behavior

The Social Context

Consequences

Epilogue

Notes

Chapter 1. The Legacy of Disease: Porphyria and Hemophilia

Chapter 2. The Irish Potato Blight

Chapter 3. Cholera

Chapter 4. Smallpox: the Speckled Monster

Chapter 5. Bubonic Plague

Chapter 6. Syphilis: the Great Pox

Chapter 7. Tuberculosis: the People's Plague

Chapter 8. Malaria

Chapter 9. Yellow Fever: the Saffron Scourge

Chapter 10. The Great Influenza

Chapter 11. HIV: the 21st Century Plague

Epilogue

Index

Отрывок из книги

Irwin W. Sherman

ASM Press

.....

The disease that Queen Victoria passed on to her offspring was hemophilia or “bleeders' disease.” Hemophilia (literally “love of blood”) involves a failure of the blood to clot within a normal time. The defect is caused by a missing protein in the plasma, the liquid part of the blood, which is necessary for clot formation. Normal blood may take 5 to 15 min to clot, but in persons with hemophilia (hemophiliacs) the process may take hours or even days. The danger for a person with hemophilia is that even a small wound or bruise may lead to severe and uncontrolled internal bleeding and death.

Without clot formation, the blood flows freely from a wound until the circulatory system collapses—the afflicted person hemorrhages to death. Blood clotting is a complex affair involving a cascade of protein-protein interactions that converts a soluble protein of blood plasma, fibrinogen, into insoluble protein fibers of fibrin. The clotting cascade is like the Mother Goose rhyme “This is the house that Jack built”: This is the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built. In the clotting cascade: This is the break in the skin, so factor VIII can begin, converting prothrombin to thrombin; when thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the cross-linked result produces clottin'.

.....

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