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J. Gresham Machen. The Literature and History of New Testament Times
The Literature and History of New Testament Times
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
LESSON I
THE NEW TESTAMENT
1. THE ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE NAME
2. ONE BOOK, OR A COLLECTION OF BOOKS?
3. THE FOUR DIVISIONS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
LESSON II
THE ROMAN BACKGROUND OF CHRISTIANITY
1. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EMPIRE
2. ROMAN ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE EMPIRE
3. ROMAN RELIGION
4. THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND SUBSEQUENT HISTORY
LESSON III
THE GREEK BACKGROUND OF CHRISTIANITY
1. THE HELLENISTIC AGE
2. THE GREEK BIBLE
3. THE PAPYRI
4. A REAL GOSPEL IN A REAL WORLD
LESSON IV
THE JEWISH BACKGROUND OF CHRISTIANITY
I. PALESTINIAN JUDAISM. 1. SOURCES
2. OUTLINE OF JEWISH HISTORY
3. ADMINISTRATION AND PARTIES
4. LANGUAGE
LESSON V
THE JEWISH BACKGROUND OF CHRISTIANITY
II. THE JUDAISM OF THE DISPERSION
1. THE CAUSES AND EXTENT OF THE DISPERSION
2. THE SEPTUAGINT TRANSLATION AND THE LANGUAGE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
3. CONCLUSION
LESSON VI
THE MESSIAH
1. THE NEW TESTAMENT APPEAL TO PROPHECY
2. THE MESSIANIC HOPE A PREPARATION FOR THE GOSPEL
3. THE PERMANENT VALUE OF PROPHECY
4. THE MESSIANIC HOPE OF LATER JUDAISM
LESSON VII
THE BOOK OF THE ACTS
1. AUTHORSHIP
2. DATE
3. SOURCES
4. PURPOSE
5. LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS
LESSON VIII
THE CROSS AND THE RESURRECTION THE FOUNDATION OF APOSTOLIC PREACHING
1. THE RESURRECTION A FACT OF HISTORY
2. THE RESURRECTION CONFIRMED BY EXPERIENCE
3. THE DEATH
LESSON IX
THE BEGINNINGS OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
1. THE GIFT OF TONGUES
2. THE SPEECHES
3. THE CONVERTS
4. JOY AND FEAR
LESSON X
THE FIRST PERSECUTION
1. THEUDAS AND JUDAS
2. THE SEVEN
3. THE SYNAGOGUES
4. THE SPEECH OF STEPHEN
5. MARTYRDOM
6. THE RESULT OF THE PERSECUTION
LESSON XI
THE FIRST GENTILE CONVERTS
1. PHILIP
2. SIMON MAGUS
3. CORNELIUS
LESSON XII
THE CONVERSION OF PAUL
1. PAUL AT TARSUS
2. THE INNER LIFE OF PAUL THE RABBI
3. PAUL'S EXPERIENCE AND OURS
LESSON XIII
THE CHURCH AT ANTIOCH
1. THE ACTS AND THE PAULINE EPISTLES
2. THE PREACHING TO "GREEKS"
3. PETER'S ESCAPE FROM PRISON
PART II:
LESSON XIV
THE GOSPEL TO THE GENTILES
1. THE PROPHETS AND TEACHERS
2. ELYMAS
3. SAUL AND PAUL
4. PAUL AND BARNABAS
5. THE RETURN OF JOHN MARK
6. HARDSHIPS AND PERSECUTIONS
7. GEOGRAPHY OF THE FIRST JOURNEY
8. TIME OF THE FIRST JOURNEY
9. THE SCENE AT LYSTRA
LESSON XV
THE COUNCIL AT JERUSALEM
1. THE ACTS AND GALATIANS
2. THE JUDAIZERS
3. THE APOSTOLIC DECREE
LESSON XVI
THE GOSPEL CARRIED INTO EUROPE
1. TITUS AND TIMOTHY
2. THE ROUTE THROUGH ASIA MINOR
3. THE MOVEMENTS OF SILAS AND TIMOTHY
4. PAUL AT ATHENS
LESSON XVII
ENCOURAGEMENT FOR RECENT CONVERTS
1. SIMPLICITY OF THE THESSALONIAN EPISTLES
2. THE SECOND COMING OF CHRIST
3. THE PERSONS ASSOCIATED IN THE ADDRESS
LESSON XVIII
THE CONFLICT WITH THE JUDAIZERS
1. APOLLOS
2. GALATIANS A POLEMIC
3. THE ADDRESS. GAL. 1:1–5
4. THE PURPOSE OF THE EPISTLE. GAL. 1:6–10
5. PAUL'S DEFENSE OF HIS APOSTOLIC AUTHORITY. GAL. 1:11 to 2:21
6. PAUL'S DEFENSE OF HIS GOSPEL. GAL. 3:1 to 5:12
7. THE RESULTS OF PAUL'S GOSPEL. GAL. 5:13 to 6:10
8. CONCLUSION. GAL. 6:11–18
LESSON XIX
PROBLEMS OF A GENTILE CHURCH
1. THE PARTIES
2. THINGS SACRIFICED TO IDOLS
3. SPIRITUAL GIFTS
4. THE RESURRECTION
5. INCIDENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT JESUS
LESSON XX
THE APOSTLE AND HIS MINISTRY
1. ADDRESS AND THANKSGIVING. II Cor. 1:1–11
2. THE APOSTLE AND THE MINISTRY OF RECONCILIATION. II Cor. 1:12 to 7:16
3. THE COLLECTION. II Cor., chs. 8, 9
4. THE OPPONENTS. II Cor., chs. 10 to 13
LESSON XXI
THE GOSPEL OF SALVATION
1. THE EDICT OF CLAUDIUS
2. ADDRESS, THANKSGIVING AND SUBJECT. Rom. 1:1–17
3. ROMANS AND GALATIANS
4. THE PAULINE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY. Rom., chs. 9 to 11
5. INTEGRITY OF THE EPISTLE
LESSON XXII
PAUL'S JOURNEY TO ROME
1. THE JOURNEY TO TROAS
2. TROAS
3. THE ELDERS OF EPHESUS
4. ARRIVAL IN PALESTINE
5. PAUL BEFORE AGRIPPA
6. THE ACCESSION OF FESTUS
7. LATER HISTORY OF THE JERUSALEM CHURCH
LESSON XXIII
THE SUPREMACY OF CHRIST
1. THE EPISTLES OF THE THIRD GROUP
2. THE CHRISTOLOGY OF COLOSSIANS
3. THE PERSON OF CHRIST AND THE WORK OF CHRIST
4. THE EPISTLE TO PHILEMON
LESSON XXIV
THE CHURCH OF CHRIST
1. STYLE OF EPHESIANS
2. COLOSSIANS AND EPHESIANS
3. THE ADDRESS OF EPHESIANS. EPH. 1:1,2
4. THANKSGIVING FOR THE PLAN OF SALVATION. EPH. 1:3–14
5. THANKSGIVING AND PRAYER FOR THE READERS. EPH. 1:15 to 2:10
6. RECEPTION OF THE GENTILES. EPH. 2:11–22
7. THE MINISTRY OF PAUL. EPH., ch. 3
8. LIFE IN THE CHURCH. EPH., chs. 4 to 6
LESSON XXV
CHRIST AND HIS FOLLOWERS
1. THE ADDRESS. Phil. 1:1,2
2. THE THANKSGIVING. Phil. 1:3–11
3. PROGRESS OF AFFAIRS IN ROME. Phil. 1:12–30
4. EXHORTATION TO UNITY. Phil. 2:1–18
5. THE MISSION OF TIMOTHY AND OF EPAPHRODITUS. Phil. 2:19–30
6. WARNING AGAINST OPPONENTS. Phil., ch. 3
7. EXHORTATION, ACKNOWLEDGMENT, GREETINGS AND BENEDICTION. Phil., ch. 4
LESSON XXVI
TRAINING NEW LEADERS
1. THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY
2. THE EPISTLE TO TITUS
3. THE SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY
PART III:
LESSON XXVII
A PRESENTATION OF JESUS TO JEWISH CHRISTIANS
The Gospel According to Matthew
1. MEANING OF "GOSPEL"
2. AUTHORSHIP OF THE FIRST GOSPEL
3. WAS THE FIRST GOSPEL ORIGINALLY ARAMAIC?
4. DATE
5. THE APOSTLE MATTHEW
6. "THE BOOK OF THE GENERATION OF JESUS CHRIST"
LESSON XXVIII
A GRAPHIC SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF JESUS
The Gospel According to Mark
1. THE TRADITION
2. THE HEADING
3. MARK THE MISSIONARY GOSPEL
LESSON XXIX
A GREEK HISTORIAN'S ACCOUNT OF JESUS
The Gospel According to Luke
1. THE PROLOGUE
2. TYPICAL PASSAGES
LESSON XXX
THE TESTIMONY OF THE BELOVED DISCIPLE
The Gospel According to John. 1. THE EVANGELIST A WITNESS
2. THE TRADITION
3. THE TESTIMONY OF THE GOSPEL ITSELF
4. TRADITIONAL TIME AND PLACE AND PLAN
LESSON XXXI
THE JESUS OF THE GOSPELS
1. AGREEMENT AMONG THE SYNOPTISTS
2. THE SYNOPTISTS AND JOHN
3. DIVINITY AND HUMANITY
4. THE MANNER OF JESUS' TEACHING
5. THE COMPREHENSIVENESS OF JESUS
LESSON XXXII
A DOCUMENT OF THE JERUSALEM CHURCH
The Epistle of James. 1. THE CHRISTIANITY OF JAMES
2. DATE AND AUTHENTICITY OF THE EPISTLE
3. UNDERLYING UNITY OF THE EPISTLE
4. CONTENTS OF THE EPISTLE
LESSON XXXIII
JESUS THE FULFILLMENT OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
The Epistle to the Hebrews. 1. PAUL NOT THE AUTHOR
2. WHO WAS THE AUTHOR?
3. WHERE WERE THE READERS?
4. WHEN WAS THE EPISTLE WRITTEN?
5. HEBREWS A LITERARY WORK
LESSON XXXIV
CHRISTIAN FORTITUDE
The First Epistle of Peter. 1. SEPARATION FROM THE WORLD
2. THE DATE OF THE PERSECUTIONS
3. DEPENDENCE AND ORIGINALITY
4. COMPARISON WITH THE SPEECHES OF PETER
5. THE STYLE OF THE EPISTLE
6. SILVANUS
7. MARK
8. FORTITUDE IN THE MODERN CHURCH
LESSON XXXV
THE CHRISTIAN'S ATTITUDE TOWARD ERROR AND IMMORALITY
The Second Epistle of Peter and the Epistle of Jude. 1. AUTHENTICITY
2. SECOND PETER AND FIRST PETER
3. VALUE OF SECOND PETER AND JUDE
LESSON XXXVI
THE LIFE OF THE CHILDREN OF GOD
The Epistles of John. 1. AUTHORSHIP OF THE FIRST EPISTLE
2. TESTIMONY OF AN EYEWITNESS
3. DESTINATION AND DATE
4. THE FALSE TEACHERS
5. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SECOND AND THE THIRD EPISTLE
6. VALUE OF THE SHORTER EPISTLES
LESSON XXXVII
THE MESSAGES OF THE LIVING CHRIST
The Book of Revelation (First Lesson) 1. THE APOCALYPSE AND THE GOSPEL OF JOHN
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE APOCALYPSE
3. THE MESSAGES TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES
LESSON XXXVIII
A VISION OF THE FINAL TRIUMPH
The Book of Revelation (Second Lesson) 1. THE INTERPRETATIONS OF THE APOCALYPSE
2. THE THOUSAND YEARS
3. THE CHRISTIAN HOPE
LESSON XXXIX
REVIEW
1. UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
2. THE NERONIAN PERSECUTION
3. THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM
4. THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL
5. JOHN AT EPHESUS
6. THE PERSECUTION UNDER DOMITIAN
7. THE NEW TESTAMENT GOSPEL
PART IV:
LESSON XL
THE CHURCH AND THE WORLD
1. TERMS DESCRIPTIVE OF DISCIPLESHIP
2. PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS
LESSON XLI
THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE
1. A PHILOSOPHY, OR A TESTIMONY?
2. THE EFFECTS OF THE MESSAGE
3. THE PRESENTATION OF THE MESSAGE
LESSON XLII
THE WORD AND THE SACRAMENTS
1. REALITY IN RELIGION
2. THE STUDY OF THE BIBLE
3. BAPTISM
4. THE LORD'S SUPPER
5. THE SACRAMENTS MORE THAN A PROCLAMATION OF THE GOSPEL
LESSON XLIII
PRAYER
1. THE ANSWERER OF PRAYER
2. THE INFLUENCE OF JESUS' TEACHING UPON THE PRAYERS OF THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH
3. PUBLIC PRAYERS OF THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH
4. PRIVATE PRAYERS OF THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH
5. "MY POWER IS MADE PERFECT IN WEAKNESS"
LESSON XLIV
THE CONGREGATION
1. CONGREGATIONAL MEETINGS IN PALESTINE
2. CONGREGATIONAL MEETINGS IN THE PAULINE CHURCHES
3. PAUL'S DIRECTIONS FOR CONGREGATIONAL MEETINGS
LESSON XLV
THE RELIEF OF THE NEEDY
1. THE PAULINE COLLECTION ACCORDING TO FIRST CORINTHIANS
2. THE PAULINE COLLECTION ACCORDING TO SECOND CORINTHIANS
3. THE PAULINE COLLECTION ACCORDING TO ROMANS
4. TO WHOM WAS RELIEF EXTENDED?
LESSON XLVI
ORGANIZING FOR SERVICE
1. ELDERS ACCORDING TO THE PASTORAL EPISTLES
2. ELDERS ACCORDING TO THE PRESBYTERIAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT
3. HOW WERE ELDERS TO BE CHOSEN?
4. THE APOSTOLIC PRECEDENT AND DEPARTURES FROM IT
5. RELATIONS OF THE CONGREGATIONS TO ONE ANOTHER
6. PRINCIPLES
LESSON XLVII
A MISSION FOR THE WORLD
1. JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY
2. THE DIVINE GUIDANCE
3. REASONS FOR GENTILE FREEDOM
LESSON XLVIII
THE CHRISTIAN IDEAL OF PERSONAL MORALITY
1. THE EXAMPLE OF JESUS
2. CONTRASTS
3. THE NEW MAN
LESSON XLIX
CHRISTIANITY AND HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
1. THE PROBLEM
2. THE WORLDLY SOLUTION
3. THE ASCETIC SOLUTION
4. THE TRUE SOLUTION
5. CHRISTIANITY AND SOCIAL SERVICE
LESSON L
THE CHRISTIAN USE OF THE INTELLECT
1. THE PROBLEM OF CHRISTIANITY AND CULTURE
2. THE APOSTOLIC EXAMPLE
3. THE PRACTICE OF THE TRUTH
4. GOD THE SOURCE OF TRUTH
LESSON LI
THE CHRISTIAN HOPE AND THE PRESENT POSSESSION
1. THE END OF THE WORLD
2. FEAR AND JOY
3. THE INTERMEDIATE STATE
4. THE FINAL BLESSEDNESS
5. THE DISPENSATION OF THE SPIRIT
LESSON LII
RETROSPECT: THE FIRST CHRISTIAN CENTURY
