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J. H. Kurtz. The History of Church
The History of Church
Table of Contents
Volume 1
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
§ 1. Idea and Task of Church History
§ 2. Distribution of Church History according To Contents
§ 3. Distribution of Church History according to Periods
§ 4. Sources and Auxiliaries of Church History.1
§ 5. History of General Church History
HISTORY OF THE PREPARATION FOR CHRISTIANITY. The pre-Christian World preparing the way of the Christian Church
§ 6. The Standpoint of Universal History
§ 7. Heathenism
§ 8. Judaism
§ 9. Samaritanism
§ 10. Intercourse between Judaism and Heathenism
§ 11. The Fulness of Time
THE HISTORY OF THE BEGINNINGS. The Founding of the Church by Christ and His Apostles
§ 12. Character of the History of the Beginnings
I. THE LIFE OF JESUS
§ 13. Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the World
II. THE APOSTOLIC AGE. A.D. 30–70
§ 14. The Ministry of the Apostles before Paul
§ 15. The Ministry of the Apostle Paul
§ 16. The Other Apostles after the Appearance of the Apostle Paul
§ 17. Constitution, Worship, and Discipline.6
§ 18. Heresies in the Apostolic Age.17
FIRST DIVISION. History of the Development of the Church during the Græco-Roman and Græco-Byzantine Periods
§ 19. Content, Distribution and Boundaries of those Periods
FIRST SECTION. History of the Græco-Roman Church during the Second and Third Centuries (A.D. 70–323).18
§ 20. Content, Distribution and Boundaries of this Period.19
I. THE RELATIONSHIP OF EXTRA-CHRISTIAN PAGANISM AND JUDAISM TO THE CHURCH.21
§ 21. The Spread of Christianity
§ 22. Persecutions of the Christians in the Roman Empire.22
§ 23. Controversial Writings of Paganism
§ 24. Attempted Reconstruction of Paganism
§ 25. Jewish and Samaritan Reaction
II. DANGER TO THE CHURCH FROM PAGAN AND JEWISH ELEMENTS WITHIN ITS OWN PALE
§ 26. Gnosticism in General.38
§ 27. The Gentile Christian Gnosticism
§ 28. Ebionism and Ebionitic Gnosticism.45
§ 29. Manichæism
III. THE DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENT AND APOLOGETICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CHURCH.52
§ 30. The Theological Literature of the Post-Apostolic Age, A.D. 70–170.53
§ 31. The Theological Literature of the Old Catholic Age, A.D. 170–323
1. Church Fathers Writing in Greek
2. Church Fathers Writing in Latin
§ 32. The Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphical Literature.80
§ 33. The Doctrinal Controversies of the Old Catholic Age.90
IV. CONSTITUTION, WORSHIP, LIFE AND DISCIPLINE.94
§ 34. The Inner Organization of the Church.95
§ 35. The Administration of Baptism.97
§ 36. Public Worship and its Various Parts.99
§ 37. Feasts and Festival Seasons.102
§ 38. The Church Buildings and the Catacombs
§ 39. Life, Manners, and Discipline.106
§ 40. The Montanist Reformation.108
§ 41. Schismatic Divisions in the Church
SECOND SECTION. The History of the Græco-Roman Church from the 4th-7th centuries. A.D. 323–692
I. CHURCH AND STATE
§ 42. The Overthrow of Paganism in the Roman Empire.112
§ 43. The Christian Empire and the Ecclesiastical Law
II. MONASTICISM, CLERICALISM AND HIERARCHISM
§ 44. Monasticism.121
§ 45. The Clergy
§ 46A. The Patriarchal Constitution and the Primacy.126
§ 46B. History of the Roman Chair and its Claims to the Primacy.127
III. THEOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND LITERATURE
§ 47. The Theological Schools and their most celebrated Representatives
1. THE MOST IMPORTANT TEACHERS OF THE EASTERN CHURCH
2. THE MOST IMPORTANT TEACHERS OF THE WESTERN CHURCH
§ 48. Branches of Theological Science and Christian Poetry
IV. DOCTRINAL CONTROVERSIES AND HERESIES
§ 49. The Development of Doctrine Generally
§ 50. The Trinitarian Controversy, A.D. 318–381.150
§ 51. The Origenist Controversies, A.D. 394–438
§ 52. The Christological Controversy.159
§ 53. The Soteriological Controversies, A.D. 412–529.165
§ 54. Reappearance and Remodelling of Earlier Heretical Sects
V. WORSHIP, LIFE, DISCIPLINE AND MORALS
§ 55. Worship in General
§ 56. Festivals and Seasons for Public Worship
§ 57. Worship of Saints, Relics and Images.171
§ 58. The Dispensation of the Sacraments
§ 59. Public Worship in Word and Symbol
§ 60. Places of Public Worship, Buildings And Works of Art.181
§ 61. Life, Discipline and Morals.182
§ 62. Heretical Reformers
§ 63. Schisms
VI. THE CHURCH OUTSIDE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.185
§ 64. Missionary Operations in the East
§ 65. The Counter-Mission of the Mohammedans.188
THIRD SECTION. HISTORY OF THE GRÆCO-BYZANTINE CHURCH IN THE 8TH−15TH CENTURIES (A.D. 692–1453)
I. Developments of the Greek Church in Combination with the Western
§ 66. Iconoclasm of the Byzantine Church (A.D. 726–842).190
§ 67. Division between Greek and Roman Churches and Attempts at Union, A.D. 857–1453.192
II. Developments in the Eastern Church without the Co-operation of the Western
§ 68. Theological Science and Literature
§ 69. Doctrinal Controversies in the 12th-14th Centuries
§ 70. Constitution, Worship and Life
§ 71. Dualistic Heretics
§ 72. The Nestorian and Monophysite Churches of the East
§ 73. The Slavonic Churches adhering to the Orthodox Greek Confession
SECOND DIVISION. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERMAN AND ROMAN CHURCH DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.198
§ 74. Character and Divisions of this Period of the Development
FIRST SECTION. HISTORY OF THE GERMAN-ROMAN CHURCH FROM THE 4TH TO THE 9TH CENTURY (DOWN TO A.D. 911)
I. Founding, Spread, and Limitation of the German Church.199
§ 75. Christianity and the Germans
§ 76. The Victory of Catholicism over Arianism.202
§ 77. Victory of the Romish over the Old British Church.206
§ 78. The Conversion and Romanizing of Germany.215
§ 79. The Slavs in German Countries.222
§ 80. The Scandinavian Nations.223
§ 81. Christianity and Islam.225
II. THE HIERARCHY, THE CLERGY AND THE MONKS
§ 82. The Papacy and the Carolingians
§ 83. The Rank of Metropolitan.232
§ 84. The Clergy in General.233
§ 85. Monasticism.240
§ 86. The Property of Churches and Monasteries
§ 87. Ecclesiastical Legislation
III. THE CHURCH AND THE PEOPLE
§ 88. Public Worship and Art
§ 89. National Customs, Social Life and Church Discipline
IV. THEOLOGY AND ITS BATTLES
§ 90. Scholarship and Theological Science.252
§ 91. Doctrinal Controversies
§ 92. Endeavours After Reformation
Footnotes
Volume 2
Table of Contents
NOTE BY TRANSLATOR
SECOND DIVISION (Continued.) SECOND SECTION. HISTORY OF THE GERMANO-ROMANIC CHURCH, FROM THE 10TH TO THE 13TH CENTURY. A.D. 911–1294
I. The Spread of Christianity
§ 93. Missionary Enterprises
§ 94. The Crusades.267
§ 95. Islam and the Jews in Europe
II.—The Hierarchy, the Clergy, and the Monks
§ 96. The Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in the German Nationalities.274
§ 97. The Clergy
§ 98. Monastic Orders and Institutions
III. Theological Science and its Controversies
§ 99. Scholasticism in General.290
§ 100. The Sæculum Obscurum: the 10th Century.294
§ 101. The Eleventh Century
§ 102. The Twelfth Century
§ 103. The Thirteenth Century
IV. The Church and the People
§ 104. Public Worship and Art
§ 105. National Customs and the National Literature
§ 106. Church Discipline, Indulgences, and Asceticism
§ 107. Female Mystics
V. Heretical Opposition to Ecclesiastical Authority
§ 108. The Protesters against the Church
§ 109. The Church against the Protesters
THIRD SECTION. HISTORY OF THE GERMANO-ROMANIC CHURCH IN THE 14th AND 15th CENTURIES (A.D. 1294–1517)
I. The Hierarchy, Clergy, and Monks
§ 110. The Papacy.323
§ 111. The Clergy
§ 112. Monastic Orders and Societies
II. Theological Science
§ 113. Scholasticism and its Reformers
§ 114. The German Mystics.335
III. The Church and the People
§ 115a. Public Worship and the Religious Education of the People
§ 115b. National Literature and Ecclesiastical Art
§ 116. Popular Movements
§ 117. Church Discipline
IV. Attempts at Reformation
§ 118. Attempted Reforms in Church Polity
§ 119. Evangelical Efforts at Reform
§ 120. The Revival of Learning
THIRD DIVISION. History of the Development of the Church under Modern European Forms of Civilization
§ 121. Character and Distribution of Modern Church History
FIRST SECTION. CHURCH HISTORY OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
I. The Reformation.360
§ 122. The Beginnings of the Wittenberg Reformation
§ 123. Luther’s Period of Conflict, A.D. 1520, 1521
§ 124. Deterioration and Purification of the Wittenberg Reformation, A.D. 1522–1525
§ 125. Friends and Foes of Luther’s Doctrine, A.D. 1522–1526
§ 126. Development of the Reformation in the Empire, A.D. 1522–1526
§ 127. Organization of the Evangelical Provincial Churches, A.D. 1526–1529
§ 128. Martyrs for Evangelical Truth, A.D. 1521–1529
§ 129. Luther’s Private and Public Life, A.D. 1523–1529
§ 130. The Reformation in German Switzerland, A.D. 1519–1531
§ 131. The Sacramentarian Controversy, A.D. 1525–1529.368
§ 132. The Protest and Confession of the Evangelical Nobles, A.D. 1527–1530
§ 133. Incidents of the Years A.D. 1531–1536
§ 134. Incidents of the Years A.D. 1537–1539
§ 135. Union Attempts of A.D. 1540–1546
§ 136. The Schmalcald War, the Interim, and the Council, A.D. 1546–1551
§ 137A. Maurice and the Peace of Augsburg A.D. 1550–1555
§ 137B. Germany after the Religious Peace
§ 138. The Reformation in French Switzerland.369
§ 139. The Reformation in Other Lands
II. The Churches of the Reformation
§ 140. The Distinctive Character of the Lutheran Church.402
§ 141. Doctrinal Controversies in the Lutheran Church.403
§ 142. Constitution, Worship, Life, and Science in the Lutheran Church
§ 143. The Inner Development of the Reformed Church
§ 144. Calvinizing of German Lutheran National Churches
III. The Deformation
§ 145. Character of the Deformation
§ 146. Mysticism and Pantheism
§ 147. Anabaptism.420
§ 148. Antitrinitarians and Unitarians.422
IV. The Counter-Reformation
§ 149. The Internal Strengthening and Revival of the Catholic Church.427
§ 150. Foreign Missions
§ 151. Attempted Regeneration of Roman Catholicism
Footnotes
Volume 3
Table of Contents
THIRD DIVISION (Continued.) SECOND SECTION. CHURCH HISTORY OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
I. Relations between the Different Churches
§ 152. East and West
§ 153. Catholicism and Protestantism
§ 154. Lutheranism and Calvinism
§ 155. Anglicanism and Puritanism.453
II. The Roman Catholic Church
§ 156. The Papacy, Monkery, and Foreign Missions
§ 157. Quietism and Jansenism
§ 158. Science and Art in the Catholic Church
III. The Lutheran Church
§ 159. Orthodoxy and its Battles.465
§ 160. The Religious Life
IV. The Reformed Church
§ 161. Theology and its Battles
§ 162. The Religious Life.473
V. Anti- and Extra-Ecclesiastical Parties
§ 163. Sects and Fanatics
§ 164. Philosophers and Freethinkers.485
THIRD SECTION. CHURCH HISTORY OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.492
I. The Catholic Church in East and West
§ 165. The Roman Catholic Church
§ 166. The Oriental Churches
II. The Protestant Churches
§ 167. The Lutheran Church before “the Illumination.”
§ 168. The Church of the Moravian Brethren.505
§ 169. The Reformed Church before the “Illumination.”
§ 170. New Sects and Fanatics
§ 171. Religion, Theology, and Literature of the “Illumination.”517
§ 172. Church Life in the Period of the “Illumination.”
FOURTH SECTION. CHURCH HISTORY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
I. General and Introductory
§ 173. Survey of Religious Movements of Nineteenth Century
§ 174. Nineteenth Century Culture in Relation to Christianity and the Church
§ 175. Intercourse and Negotiations between the Churches
II. Protestantism in General.526
§ 176. Rationalism and Pietism
§ 177. Evangelical Union and Lutheran Separation
§ 178. Evangelical Confederation
§ 179. Lutheranism, Melanchthonianism, and Calvinism
§ 180. The “Protestantenverein.”
§ 181. Disputes about Forms of Worship
§ 182. Protestant Theology in Germany
§ 183. Home Missions
§ 184. Foreign Missions
III. Catholicism in General
§ 185. The Papacy and the States of the Church
§ 186. Various Orders and Associations
§ 187. Liberal Catholic Movements
§ 188. Catholic Ultramontanism
§ 189. The Vatican Council.548
§ 190. The Old Catholics
§ 191. Catholic Theology, especially in Germany
IV. Relation of Church to the Empire and to the States
§ 192. The German Confederation
§ 193. Prussia
§ 194. The North German smaller States
§ 195. Bavaria
§ 196. The South German Smaller States and Rhenish Alsace and Lorraine
§ 197. The so-called Kulturkampf in the German Empire.550
§ 198. Austria-Hungary
§ 199. Switzerland
§ 200. Holland and Belgium
§ 201. The Scandinavian Countries
§ 202. Great Britain and Ireland
§ 203. France
§ 204. Italy
§ 205. Spain and Portugal
§ 206. Russia
§ 207. Greece and Turkey
§ 208. The United States of America.564
§ 209. The Roman Catholic States of South America
V. Opponents of Church and of Christianity
§ 210. Sectarians and Enthusiasts in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Russian Domains
§ 211. Sectaries and Enthusiasts in the Protestant Domain
§ 212. Antichristian Socialism and Communism
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES
Footnotes
