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Jacob Joshua Levison. Studies of Trees
Studies of Trees
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Chapter I
How To Identify Trees
Group I. The Pines
The White Pine (Pinus strobus)
The Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
The Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Group II. The Spruce and Hemlock
The Norway Spruce (Picea excelsa)
Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
Group III. The Red Cedar and Arbor-Vitae
Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)
Arbor-Vitae; Northern White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
Chapter II
How To Identify Trees—(Continued)
Group IV. The Larch And Cypress
The European Larch (Larix europaea)
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Group V. The Horsechestnut, Ash and Maple
The Horsechestnut (Æsculus hippocastanum)
The White Ash (Fraxinus americana)
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Box Elder (Acer negundo)
Group VI. Trees Told by Their Form: Elm, Poplar, Gingko and Willow
American Elm (Ulmus americana)
Lombardy or Italian Poplar (Populus nigra, var. italica)
Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)
Group VII. Trees Told by Their Bark or Trunk: Sycamore, Birch, Beech, Blue Beech, Ironwood, and Hackberry
The Sycamore or Plane Tree (Platanus occidentalis)
Gray or White Birch (Betula populifolia)
American Beech (Fagus americana)
Blue Beech or Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Group VIII. The Oaks and Chestnut
White Oak (Quercus alba)
Black Oak (Quercus velutina)
Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
Pin Oak (Quercus palustris)
Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
Chapter III
How To Identify Trees—(Continued)
Group IX. The Hickories, Walnut and Butternut
Shagbark Hickory (Hicoria ovata)
Mockernut Hickory (Hicoria alba)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Group X. Tulip Tree, Sweet Gum, Linden, Magnolia, Locust, Catalpa, Dogwood, Mulberry and Osage Orange
Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
American Linden (Tilia Americana)
The Magnolias
Cucumber Tree (Magnolia acuminata)
Umbrella Tree (Magnolia tripetala)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudacacia)
Hardy Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa)
White Mulberry (Morus alba)
Chapter IV
The Structure and Requirements of Trees
Chapter V
What Trees to Plant and How
Chapter VI
The Care of Trees
Study I. Insects Injurious to Trees and How to Combat Them
Important Insects
The Elm Leaf Beetle
The Tussock Moth
The Gipsy Moth
The Brown-Tail Moth
The Fall Webworm
The Leopard Moth
The Hickory Bark Borer
Plant Lice or Aphides
Study II. Tree Diseases
Study III. Pruning Trees
Fundamental Principles
Special Considerations
Tools Used in Pruning
Suggestions for the Safety of Tree Climbers
Study IV. Tree Repair
Chapter VII
Forestry
Study I. What Forestry Is and What It Does
Study II. Care of the Woodland
Chapter VIII
Our Common Woods: Their Identification, Properties and Uses
Key
I. Woods without Pores—Conifers or So-Called “Softwoods”
Woods with Pores—Broadleaf, or So-Called “Hardwoods”
Chapter IX
An Outdoor Lesson on Trees
Index
