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James Freeman Clarke. Orthodoxy: Its Truths And Errors
Orthodoxy: Its Truths And Errors
Table of Contents
Chapter II. The Principle And Idea Of Orthodoxy Stated And Examined
§ 1. The Principle of Orthodoxy defined
§ 2. Logical Genesis of the Principle of Orthodoxy
§ 3. Orthodoxy assumed to be the Belief of the Majority
§ 4. Heterodoxy thus becomes sinful
§ 5. The Doctrine of Essentials and Non-essentials leads to Rome
§ 6. Fallacy in this Orthodox Argument
§ 7. The three Tendencies in the Church
§ 8. The Party of Works
§ 9. The Party of Emotion in Christianity
§ 10. The Faith Party in Religion
§ 11. Truth in the Orthodox Idea
§ 12. Error in the Orthodox Principle
§ 13. Faith, Knowledge, Belief, Opinion
Chapter III. The Orthodox Idea Of Natural And Revealed Religion; Or, Naturalism And Supernaturalism
§ 1. Meaning of Natural and Supernatural
§ 2. The Creation Supernatural
§ 3. The Question stated
§ 4. Argument of the Supernaturalist from successive Geologic Creations
§ 5. Supernatural Argument from Human Freedom
§ 6. Supernatural Events not necessarily Violations of Law
§ 7. Life and History contain Supernatural Events
§ 8. The Error of Orthodox Supernaturalism
§ 9. No Conflict between Naturalism and Supernaturalism
§ 10. Further Errors of Orthodox Supernaturalism—Gulf between Christianity and all other Religions
§ 11. Christianity considered unnatural, as well as supernatural by being made hostile to the Nature of Man
Chapter IV. Truths And Errors As Regards Miracles
§ 1. The Subject stated. Four Questions concerning Miracles
§ 2. The Definition of a Miracle
§ 3. The different Explanations of the Miracles of the Bible
§ 4. Criticism on these Different Views of Miracles
§ 5. Miracles no Proof of Christianity
§ 6. But Orthodoxy is right in maintaining their Reality as Historic Facts
§ 7. Analogy with other Similar Events recorded in History
§ 8. Miracle of the Resurrection. Sceptical Objections
§ 9. Final Result of this Examination
Chapter V. Orthodox Idea Of The Inspiration And Authority Of The Bible
§ 1. Subject of this Chapter. Three Views concerning the Bible
§ 2. The Difficulty. Antiquity of the World, and Age of Mankind
§ 3. Basis of the Orthodox Theory of Inspiration
§ 4. Inspiration in general, or Natural Inspiration
§ 5. Christian or Supernatural Inspiration
§ 6. Inspiration of the Scriptures, especially of the New Testament Scriptures
§ 7. Authority of the Scriptures
§ 8. The Christian Prepossession
§ 9. Conclusion
Chapter VI. Orthodox Idea Of Sin, As Depravity And As Guilt
§ 1. The Question stated
§ 2. The four Moments or Characters of Evil. The Fall, Natural Depravity, Total Depravity, Inability
§ 3. Orthodox and Liberal View of Man, as morally diseased or otherwise
§ 4. Sin as Disease
§ 5. Doctrine of the Fall in Adam, and Natural Depravity. Their Truth and Error
§ 6. Examination of Romans, 5:12–21
§ 7. Orthodox View of Total Depravity and Inability
§ 8. Proof Texts
§ 9. Truth in the Doctrine of Total Depravity
§ 10. Ability and Inability
§ 11. Orthodox Doctrine of Inability
§ 12. Some further Features of Orthodox Theology concerning Human Sinfulness
Chapter VII. Conversion And Regeneration
§ 1. Orthodoxy recognizes only two Conditions in which Man can be found
§ 2. Crisis and Development
§ 3. Nature of the Change
§ 4. Its Reality and Importance
§ 5. Is it the Work of God, or of the Man himself? Orthodox Difficulty
§ 6. Solved by the Distinction between Conversion and Regeneration
§ 7. Men may be divided, religiously, into three Classes, not two
§ 8. Difference between Conversion and Regeneration
§ 9. Unsatisfactory Attitude of the Orthodox Church
§ 10. The Essential Thing for Man is to repent and be converted; that is, to make it his Purpose to obey God in all Things
§ 11. Regeneration is God's Work in the Soul. Examination of the Classical Passage, or conversation of Jesus with Nicodemus
§ 12. Evidences of Regeneration
Chapter VIII. The Orthodox Idea Of The Son Of God
§ 1. Orthodox Doctrine stated
§ 2. This Doctrine gradually developed
§ 3. Unitarian Objections
§ 4. Substantial Truth in this Doctrine
§ 5. Formal Error of the Orthodox Statement
§ 6. Errors of Arianism and Naturalism
Chapter IX. Justification By Faith
§ 1. This Doctrine of Paul not obsolete
§ 2. Its Meaning and Importance
§ 3. Need of Justification for the Conscience
§ 4. Reaction of Sin on the Soul
§ 5. Different Methods of obtaining Forgiveness
§ 6. Method in Christianity
§ 7. Result
§ 8. Its History in the Church
§ 9. Orthodox Errors, at the present Time, in Regard to Justification by Faith
§ 10. Errors of Liberal Christians
Chapter X. Orthodox Idea Of The Atonement
§ 1. Confusion in the Orthodox Statement
§ 2. Great Importance attributed to this Doctrine
§ 3. Stress laid on the Death of Jesus in the Scripture
§ 4. Difficulty in interpreting these Scripture Passages
§ 5. Theological Theories based on the Figurative Language of the New Testament
§ 6. The three principal Views of the Atonement—warlike, legal, and governmental
§ 7. Impression made by Christ's Death on the Minds of his Disciples. First Theory on the Subject in the Epistle to the Hebrews
§ 8. Value of Suffering as a Means of Education
§ 9. The Human Conscience suggests the Need of some Satisfaction in order to our Forgiveness
§ 10. How the Death of Jesus brings Men to God
§ 11. This Law of Vicarious Suffering universal
§ 12. This Law illustrated from History—in the Death of Socrates, Joan of Arc, Savonarola, and Abraham Lincoln
§ 13. Dr. Bushnell's View of the Atonement
§ 14. Results of this Discussion
Chapter XI. Calling, Election, And Reprobation
§ 1. Orthodox Doctrine
§ 2. Scripture Basis for this Doctrine
§ 3. Relation of the Divine Decree to Human Freedom
§ 4. History of the Doctrine of Election and Predestination
§ 5. Election is to Work and Opportunity here, not to Heaven hereafter. How Jacob was elected, and how the Jews were a Chosen People
§ 6. How other Nations were elected and called
§ 7. How different Denominations are elected
§ 8. How Individuals are elected
§ 9. How Jesus was elected to be the Christ
§ 10. Other Illustrations of Individual Calling and Election
Chapter XII. Immortality And The Resurrection
§ 1. Orthodox Doctrine
§ 2. The Doctrine of Immortality as taught by Reason, the Instinctive Consciousness, and Scripture
§ 3. The Three Principal Views of Death—the Pagan, Jewish, and Christian
§ 4. Eternal Life, as taught in the New Testament, not endless Future Existence, but present Spiritual Life
§ 5. Resurrection, and its real Meaning, as a Rising up, and not a Rising again
§ 6. Resurrection of the Body, as taught in the New Testament, not a Rising again of the same Body, but the Ascent into a higher Body
Chapter XIII. Christ's Coming, Usually Called The “Second Coming,” And Christ The Judge Of The World
§ 1. The Coming of Christ is not wholly future, not wholly outward, not local, nor material
§ 2. No Second Coming of Christ is mentioned in Scripture
§ 3. Were the Apostles mistaken in expecting a speedy Coming of Christ?
§ 4. Examination of the Account of Christ's Coming given by Jesus in Matthew (chapters 24–26)
§ 5. Coming of Christ in Human History at different Times
§ 6. Relation of the Parable of the Virgins, and of the Talents, to Christ's Coming
§ 7. Relation of the Account of the Judgment by the Messiah, in Matt. ch. 25, to his Coming
§ 8. How Christ is, and how he is not, to judge the World
§ 9. When Christ's Judgment takes Place
§ 10. Paul's View of the Judgment by Christ
§ 11. Final Result
Chapter XIV. Eternal Punishment, Annihilation, Universal Restoration
§ 1. Different Views concerning the Condition of the Impenitent hereafter
§ 2. The Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment, as held by the Orthodox at the Present Time
§ 3. Apparent Contradictions, both in Scripture and Reason, in Regard to this Doctrine
§ 4. Everlasting Punishment limits the Sovereignty of God
§ 5. Everlasting Punishment contradicts the Fatherly Love of God
§ 6. Attempts to modify and soften the Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment
§ 7. The meaning of Eternal Punishment in Scripture
§ 8. How Judgment by Christ is connected with Punishment
§ 9. The Doctrine of Annihilation
§ 10. The Doctrine of Universal Restoration
Chapter XV. The Christian Church
§ 1. The Question stated
§ 2. Orthodox Doctrine of the Church—Roman Catholic and High Church
§ 3. The Protestant Orthodox Idea of the Church
§ 4. Christ's Idea of a Church, or the Kingdom of Heaven
§ 5. Church of the Leaven, or the Invisible Church
§ 6. The Church of the Mustard-seed
§ 7. Primitive and Apostolic Church, or Church as it was
§ 8. The Actual Church, or the Church as it is
§ 9. The Church Ideal, or Church as it ought to be
§ 10. The Church Possible, or Church as it can be
Chapter XVI. The Trinity
§ 1. Definition of the Church Doctrine
§ 2. History of the Doctrine
§ 3. Errors in the Church Doctrine of the Trinity
§ 4. The Trinity of Manifestations founded in the Truth of Things
§ 5. It is in Harmony with Scripture
§ 6. Practical value of the Trinity, when rightly understood
Appendix. Critical Notices
§ 1. On the Defence of Nescience in Theology, by Herbert Spencer and Henry L. Mansel
§ 2. On the Defence of Verbal Inspiration by Gaussen
§ 3. Defence of the Doctrine that Sin is a Nature, by Professor Shedd
§ 4. Defence of Everlasting Punishment, by Dr. Nehemiah Adams and Dr. J. P. Thompson
§ 5. Defence of the Trinity, by Frederick D. Huntington, D. D
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