Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy
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Оглавление
James G. Speight. Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy
Introduction
A. Absorption
Absorption Cleaning
Absorption Dehydration
Absorption Oil
Absorption Process
Absorption Tower
Accuracy and Precision in Analysis
Acetogenesis
Acid Catalyst
Acid Deposition
Acid Gas
Acid Gas Removal
Acid Gas Removal Processes
Acid Gas Scrubbing – Basic Solid or Solution
Acid Gas Scrubbing – Wet Scrubbers
Acid Hydrolysis
Acidity and Alkalinity
Acid Number
Acidogenesis
Acidogenic Digestate
Acid Rain
Acid Rain – Formation
Acid Rain – Mitigation
Acid Treating
Acid Value
Activated Sludge Process
Additives – Catalysts in Combustion Systems
Additives – Fuels
Add-On Environmental Control Methods
Adip Process
Adsorption
Adsorption Isotherm
Adsorption Process
Advanced Cycloning
Advanced Flue Gas Desulfurization
Aerobic Digestion
Aerosols
Agave Bagasse
Agricultural Residue
Agricultural Residue – Types
Agricultural Waste
Agrofuel
Air Emissions
Air Emissions – Biomass Plant
Air Flotation Processes
Air Pollution
Alcohol Blended Fuel
Alcohol-Diesel Emulsion
Alcohol Fuels
Alcohol Fuels – Ethanol
Alcohol Fuels - Methanol
Alcohol Fuels – Propanol and Butanol
Alcohols
Alcohols – Combustion
Alcohols – Corrosivity
Alcohols – From Waste
Alcohols – Production
Algaculture
Algae
Algae Fuels
Algae Fuels – Extraction
Algal Blooms
Alkali Washing Process
Alicyclic Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Alkalinity
Alkaloids
Alkanes
Alkanolamines
Alkazid Process
Alkenes
Alpha Decay
Alpha Particle
Alternate Fuels
Alternate Fuels – Gaseous Fuels
Alternate Fuels – Liquid Fuels
Alternate Fuels - Production
Alternate Fuels – Solid Fuels
Alternative Energy
Amine Washing
Ammonia
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic Digestion – Gas Production
Animal Waste
Annual Removal
Apparent Density
Aquaculture
Aquasphere
Aquatic Organisms
Aquatic Plants
Aquiclude, Aquitard, Aquifuge
Aquifer
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Arsenic and Selenium
Asabe Standard X593
Ash
Ash Analysis
Ash Composition
Ash Content
Ash Content – Biomass
As-Received Moisture
Atmosphere
Atmospheric Equivalent Boiling Point
Atomic Energy
Attapulgus Clay
Attrition Catalyst
Azeotrope
Azeotropic Distillation
B. Bacteria
Bacterial Mining
Bagasse
Bagasse Briquettes
Baghouse
Baghouse Filter
Barrel
Barrel of Oil Equivalent
Basic Nitrogen
Basic Sediment and Water
Batch-Type Processes
Baumé Gravity
Bauxite
Bauxite Treating Process
Beavon Process
Benchmark Crude Oil
Beta Decay
Beta Particle
Bioalcohol
Biocatalysts
Biochar
Biochemical Conversion
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Biochemicals
Biochemicals - Production
Bioconversion
Bioconversion Platform
Biodegradation
Biodegradation – In Situ
Biodegradation Processes
Biodegradation – Slurry Phase
Biodegradation – Solid Phase
BioDeNOx Process
Biodesulfurization
Biodiesel
Biodiesel Feedstocks
Biodiesel – Production and Properties
Biodiesel – Technical Standards
Biodiesel – Transesterification
Biodiesel – Transesterification, Catalytic
Biodiesel – Transesterification, Supercritical Methanol
Biodiesel – Transesterification, Reaction Parameters
Bioenergy
Bioenergy Crops
Bioenergy System
Bioethanol
Bioethanol Production
Bioethers
Biofiltration
Biofuels
Biofuels - Classification
Biofuels - Feedstocks
Biofuels – First Generation
Biofuels – From Synthesis Gas
Biofuels – Liquid
Biofuels – Platforms
Biofuels – Production
Biofuels – Properties, Variations with Source
Biofuels – Second Generation
Biofuels – Specifications and Performance
Biofuels – Third Generation
Biofuels – Use
Biogas
Biogas – Upgrading
Biogenic Coal Bed Methane
Biogeochemical Cycles
Biohydrogen
Biohydrogen – Production
Biological Action
Biological Alcohol
Biological Conversion
Biological Conversion – Aerobic Digestion
Biological Conversion – Anaerobic Digestion
Biological Hydrogen Production
Biomass
Biomass Ash
Biomass Chemistry
Biomass Combustion
Biomass Composition and Properties
Biomass – Conversion Technologies
Biomass-Derived Carbon
Biomass – Direct Combustion
Biomass – Drying
Biomass Energy
Biomass Energy Systems
Biomass – Extraction
Biomass Feedstocks
Biomass – Fermentation
Biomass Fuel
Biomass Fuel – Characteristics
Biomass – Gasification
Biomass – Gasification Principles
Biomass – Gasification Process
Biomass – Gasification Reactors
Biomass – Herbaceous
Biomass – Land Requirements
Biomass – Liquefaction
Biomass Power
Biomass – Power Facility
Biomass Properties
Biomass – Pyrolysis
Biomass – Synthesis Gas Production
Biomass to Energy
Biomass to Liquids
Biomass Waste
Bio-oil
Bio-oil – Upgrading
Bio-oxidation
Biophotolysis
Biopower
Bioprocess
Bioreactor
Biorefinery
Bio-SCOT Process
Bioscrubbing
Bitumen
Black Liquor
Blended Fuels
Blending
Blue Gas
Blue Water Gas
Boiler Slag
Boiling Water Reactor
Bone Dry
Boson
Bottom Ash
Bottoming Cycle
Bottom Sediment and Water
Boudouard Reaction
Breeder Reactor
BRI Process
Briquette
Briquette Binder
Briquette Manufacture
Briquette Properties
Briquetting Processes
Bromine Number
BTEX
BTU
BTX
Bubble Point
Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier
Bulk Density
Bunker
Bunker Fuel Oil
Butane
Butane Dehydrogenation
Butane Vapor-Phase Isomerization
Butanol
Butene
Butene Dehydrogenation
C. C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 Fractions
Calorific Value
Camelina
Canola Oil
Capillary Forces
Capillary Number
Capillary Pressure
Carbohydrates
Carbonate Washing and Water Washing
Carbonate Washing Process
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide Balance
Carbon Dioxide Gasification
Carbon Dioxide Recovery
Carbonization
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Residue
Carbon Sink
Carbo-V Process
Carbureted Blue Gas
Carbureted Water Gas
Catalysts
Catalysts – Activity
Catalyst – Deactivation
Catalyst Fouling
Catalysts – Hydrogen Production
Catalysts – Methanation
Catalyst Poisoning
Catalyst Regeneration
Catalysts – Selectivity and Conversion
Catalyst Sintering
Catalysts – Solid Acid
Catalyst Stripping
Catalytic Cracking
Catalytic Cracking Chemistry
Catalytic Cracking Processes
Catalytic Cracking – Process Parameters
Catalytic Gas Conversion Process
Catalytic Gasification
Catalytic Oxidation Processes
Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic Reforming - Catalysts
Catalytic Reforming – Processes
Catalytic Three-Phase Reactors
Catalytic Transesterification
Caustic Scrubbing
Caustic Treating
Cellulose
Cellulosic Biomass
Cellulosic Ethanol
Cellulosic Materials
Centrifugal Separation
Cetane Index
Cetane Number
Char
Charcoal and Charcoal Briquettes
Chemical Composition of Biomass
Chemical Precipitation
Chemical Reaction Rates
Chemicals Reactive with Water
Chemical Treating
Chemical Waste
Chemicals from Biomass
Chemisorption
Chemistry in the Aquasphere
Chemistry in the Atmosphere
Chemistry in the Geosphere
Chemsweet Process
Chinese Tallow Tree
Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier
Claus Process
Clay Minerals
Clay Treating Process
Climate Change
Closed-Loop Biomass
Coagulation
Coarse Materials
Co-Combustion
COED/COGAS Process
Co-Firing
Cogeneration
Cohesive Energy Density
Cold Pelletizing
Combustion
Combustion - Chemistry
Combustion – Direct
Combustion – Effect of Additives and Catalysts
Combustion – Environmental Aspects
Combustion – Fluidized Bed
Combustion – Fouling
Combustion – Heat Balance
Combustion – Ignition
Combustion – Influence of Feedstock Quality
Combustion – Mechanism
Combustion – Soot Formation
Combustion – Surface Effects
Combustion Technologies
Combustion – Types of Combustors
Combustion Zone
Combustion Plants
Complete Mix Digester
Concentrated Acid Hydrolysis
Condensation
Coniferyl Alcohol
Conservation
Conservation Reserve Program
Contaminant
Contingent Resources
Conventional Fuel Sources
Conversion Pathways
Conversion Processes – Biochemical
Conversion Processes – Biomass Properties
Conversion Processes – Combustion
Conversion Processes – Gasification
Conversion Processes - Pyrolysis
Conversion Processes – Thermal
Copper Sweetening Process
Cord
Cordgrass
Coriolis Force
Corn
Corn Ethanol
Corn Oil
Corn Stalks and Wheat Straw
Corn-to-Ethanol Process
Corrosion
Corrosion by Fuel Ash
p-Coumaryl Alcohol
Counter-Current Fixed Bed Gasifier
Covered Lagoon Digester
Cracking
Cropland
Crops
Crops – Residues
Cross Draft Gasifier
Crude Oil
Cryogenic Dehydration
Cryogenic Equipment
Cryogenic Expander Process
Cryogenic Separation
Cryosphere
Crystallization
CTSL Process
Cull Tree
Cultivated Summer Fallow
Current Reserves
Cyclone Separation
Cycloparaffin Hydrocarbons
D. Darcy’s Law
DEA
Dehydration
Dehydration – Glycol Process
Dehydration – Solid Desiccant
Dehydrator Systems
Delignification
Densification
Deposition
Descending Bed Reactor
Desiccant Dehydrators
Desorption
Deuterium
Devolatilization
Dewatering
Diesel-Alcohol Emulsion
Diesel Cycle
Diesel Engine
Diesel Fuel
Diesel Index
Digester
Digestion
Dimethyl Ether
Direct Biofuels
Direct Combustion
Direct-Fired Biomass
Dispersion
Dissolution
Distillation
Distribution in the Environment
Domestic Waste
Downdraft Combustion
Downdraft Gasifier
Downflow Fixed Bed Reactor
Drizo Process
Drop Tube Furnace
Dry-Ash-Free Basis
Dry Deposition
Drying
Dry Point
Dry Sorption Processes
Dust Collectors
Dust Control
Dustiness Index
Dutch Oven Furnace
E. E85
Earth System
Ebullated Bed Reactor
Ecological Cycles
Ecosystem
E-Gas Process
Electrical Energy
Electricity Generation – Equipment
Electricity Generation from Conventional Fuels
Electricity Generation from Crops
Electricity Generation from Waste
Electricity Generation from Wood
Electricity Generator
Electrochemical Processes
Electrolysis
Electron
Electronic Waste
Electrostatic Precipitator
Emissions and Effluents
Emission Control
Emulsification
Emulsifying Agents
Endothermic Reaction
Energy
Energy Balance
Energy Conservation
Energy Content
Energy Crops
Energy Crops – Grasses
Energy Crops – Oilseed Crops
Energy Crops – Residual Herbaceous Biomass
Energy Crops – Short Rotation Woody Crops
Energy Crops – Sugar Crops
Energy Density
Energy-Efficiency Ratio
Energy Production from Crops
Energy Production from Wood
Energy Sources
Enersludge Process
Enrichment
Entrained-Bed Combustion
Entrained-Bed Gasifier
Entrained-Flow Process
Entrained Flow Reactor
Environment
Environmental Ethics
Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues – Biomass Use
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Enzymes
Esterification
Ethanol
Ethanol Production
Ethanol Production – Feedstocks
Ethanol Production – From Corn
Ethanol Production – From Lignocellulosic Feedstocks
Ethanol Production – From Wood
Ethanol Production - Yields
Ethyl Alcohol
Evaporation
Evaporation Processes
Exosphere
Exothermic Reaction
Explosive Limits
Extraction
Extractive Distillation
Explosive Limits
Extra Heavy Crude Oil
Extraneous Mineral Matter
ExxonMobil AGC-21 Process
F. Fabric Filter
Fast-Neutron Reactor
Fast Pyrolysis
Fat Oil
Fats And Greases
Fatty Acids
Feedstock
Fermentation
Fermentation Chemistry
Fermentation Plants
Ferrel Cell
Ferrox Process
Fibers
Filters
Filter Tubes
Filtration
Fire Point and Flash Point
Firewood
Fischer-Tropsch Process
Fischer-Tropsch Process – Catalysts
Fischer-Tropsch Chemicals
Fischer-Tropsch Process
Fischer-Tropsch Process – Chemistry
Fischer-Tropsch Process – Commercial Processes
Fischer-Tropsch Process – Products
Fischer-Tropsch Process – Product Separation and Upgrading
Fischer-Tropsch Process – Reactors
Fixed-Bed Incinerator or Moving-Grate Incinerator
Fish Oil
Fixed-Bed Process
Fixed-Bed Reactor or Moving-Bed Reactor
Fixed Carbon
Flammability
Flammability Range
Flash Point
Flash Pyrolysis
Flash Vaporization
Flax and Flaxseed Oil
Flexible-Fuel Vehicle
Flexsorb Process
Flocculation
Flue Gas
Flue Gas Cleaning
Flue Gas Desulfurization
Fluid Bed
Fluid-Bed Boiler
Fluid-Bed Catalytic Cracking
Fluid-Bed Catalytic Cracking Unit
Fluid-Bed Combustion
Fluid-Bed Gasifier
Fluid-Bed Incinerator
Fluid-Bed Processes
Fluid-Bed Reactor
Fluid-Bed Thermal Cracking
Fly Ash
Forage Crop
Forest Health
Forest Land
Forest Residues
Fossil Fuel Resources
Fouling
Fouling Tendency
Fractional Composition
Fractionation
Fractionation – Absorption Methods
Fractionation – Adsorption Methods
Fractionation – Chemical Methods
Fractionation – Distillation Methods
Fractionation – Solvent Methods
Fuel Cell
Fuel Oil
Fuels
Fuels from Biomass
Fuels from Crops
Fuels from Waste
Fuels from Wood
Fuel Wood
Fuel Wood – Selection and Preparation
Fuel Wood – Use
Functional Group
Fungi
Fusion Energy
G. Gamma Decay
Gas Analysis
Gas Cleaning
Gas Cleaning – Alkali Washing Processes
Gas Cleaning – Biological Methods
Gas Cleaning – Chemisorption
Gas Cleaning – Effects of Gas Composition
Gas Cleaning – Membrane Processes
Gas Cleaning – Metal Oxide Processes
Gas Cleaning – Methanol Based Processes
Gas Cleaning – Molecular Sieve Processes
Gas Cleaning – Physical Solvent Processes
Gas Cleaning – Process Selection
Gas Cleaning – Process Types
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Acid Gases
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Alkali Metal Salts
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Ammonia
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Condensable Hydrocarbons
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Nitrogen
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Particulate Matter
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Siloxane Derivatives
Gas Cleaning – Removal of Tar
Gas Cleaning – Sulfur Recovery Processes
Gas Cleaning – Water Removal
Gas Compression
Gas Condensate
Gas-Cooled Reactor
Gaseous Effluents
Gaseous Fuels
Gaseous Fuels from Waste
Gaseous Fuels from Waste – Reactors
Gaseous Fuels from Wood
Gaseous Fuels – High Btu Gas
Gas Fuels – Low Btu Gas
Gaseous Fuels – Medium Btu Gas
Gases and Naphtha
Gaseous Hydrocarbons – General Properties
Gaseous Pollutants
Gaseous Pollutants – Control
Gasification
Gasification Chemistry
Gasification of Biomass
Gasification of Biomass – Feedstock Preparation
Gasification Reactors
Gasifiers
Gasifiers – Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier
Gasifiers – Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier
Gasifiers – Cross Draft Gasifier
Gasifiers – Downdraft Gasifier
Gasifiers – Entrained Bed Gasifier
Gasifiers – Fluidized Bed Gasifier
Gasifiers – Moving Bed Gasifier
Gasifiers – Updraft Gasifier
Gas Laws
Gas Liquids
Gas Liquids – Fractionation
Gasohol
Gas Oil
Gasoline
Gas Processing
Gas Processing – Chemical Activators
Gas Processing – Process Selection
Gas Purification
Gas Streams
Gas-to-Commodity
Gas-to-Liquids
Gas-to-Power
Gas-to-Solid
Gas Treating
Geochemical Cycles
Geohydrology
Geological Age
Geosphere
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy – Electricity Generation
Geothermal Energy – Environmental Effects
Geothermal Gradient
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Geothermal Power Plants
Geothermal Sources
Giant Reed Grass
Girbotol Process
Girdler Process
Global Climate Change
Glycol-Amine Gas Treating
Glycol-Based Processes
Glycol Degradation
Glycol Dehydration
Gobar Gas
Grain Crops
Grasses
Grassland Pasture and Range
Grease Car
Grease Trap
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gas Production
Gross Sample
Groundwater
Groundwater Aquifer
Growing Stock
Guard Bed
Guard Bed Reactor
Gum
Gum Formation
H. Hadley Cell
Halite
Hardwood
Hazardous Air Pollutant
Hazardous Chemicals
Hazardous Waste
H-Coal Process
Heat Balance
Heat Capacity
Heat Content
Heat Exchangers
Heating Value
Heat of Combustion
Heavy Metals
Heavy Oil
Heavy Water Reactor
Helium-3
Hemicellulose
Hemp
Herbaceous Biomass
Herbaceous Crops
Heteroatom Compounds
Heterogeneous Catalyst
Heterosphere
High-Btu Gas
Higher Heating Value
High-Temperature Water Splitting
Homosphere
Horizontal and Vertical Axis Turbines
Hot Filtration Test
Hot Gas Cleaning
Hot Potassium Carbonate Process
Humidity
Hybrid Poplars
Hydrane Process
Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Controls
Hydrocarbon Fuels
Hydrocarbon Gases – Physical Constants
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocracking
Hydrocracking Catalysts
Hydrocracking Chemistry
Hydrocracking Processes
Hydrodenitrogenation
Hydrodesulfurization
Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts
Hydroelectric Dams
Hydroelectric Energy
Hydroelectric Power
Hydroelectric Power Generation
Hydroelectric Power – Turbines
Hydrogasification
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Economy
Hydrogen – Environmental Impact
Hydrogen Fuel
Hydrogen – Production
Hydrogen – Production By Pyrolysis
Hydrogen Production Chemistry
Hydrogen Production Processes
Hydrogen Properties
Hydrogen Purification
Hydrogenation and Hydrolysis Processes
Hydrogen Energy
Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide – Control
Hydrogen Sulfide Conversion
Hydrogen Sulfide Removal
Hydrogeology
Hydrokinetic Energy
Hydrokinetic Power Generation
Hydrologic Cycle
Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Sugar
Hydrolysis – Anaerobic Digestion
Hydrolysis – Lignocellulosic Materials
Hydropower
Hydroprocessing
Hydroshear Emulsification
Hydrothermal Upgrading
Hydrotreating
Hydrotreating Catalysts
Hydrotreating Processes
Hydrotreating – Process Parameters
Hydrous Pyrolysis
Hydroxylation
Hygas Gasifier
Hypro Process
I. Ideal Gas
Ideal Gas Law
IFPEXOL Process
IFP Spent Tire Depolymerization Process
Ignifluid Combustion System
Ignitability
Ignitable Liquid
Immiscibility
Immiscibility – Test Methods
Impulse Turbines
Incinerator
Inclined Grate Furnace
Incompatibility
Indirect Liquefaction
Indirect Liquefaction Processes
Indirectly Heated Gasifiers
Industrial Chemicals
Industrial Waste
Inertial Separator
Inferred Reserves
Inherent Mineral Matter
Inorganic Chemicals
Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions
Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Hydrolysis Reactions
Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Photolysis Reactions
Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Radioactive Decay
Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Rearrangement Reactions
Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Redox Reactions
Inorganic Matter
Instability and Incompatibility
Instability and Incompatibility – Methods For Determining
Iodine Number
Ionic Liquids
Iogen Process
Iron Oxide Process
Iron Oxide Slurry Process
Iron Oxide Suspension Process
Iron Sponge Process
Isotopes
ITSL Process
J. Jatropha
Jatropha Oil
Jerusalem Artichoke
K. Kerosene
Kinematic Viscosity
Koppers-Totzek Gasifier
Koppers-Totzek Gasifier – Biomass Gasification
Koppers-Totzek Process
Kopp’s Law
Kraft Process
L. Landfill Classification
Landfill Gas
Landfilling
Landfill Leachate
Landfill Leachate Management
Landfill Mining
Landfill Sites
Landfill Sites – Bioreactor
Landfill Sites – Construction and Debris
Landfill Sites – Hazardous Waste
Landfill Sites – Manual
Landfill Sites – Municipal Solid Waste
Landfill Sites – Sanitary
Landfill Sites – Surface Impoundment
Landfill Waste – Gasification
Landfill Waste – Power Generation
Leaching
Lean Gas and Rich Gas
Life Cycle Impacts
Light Ends
Light Hydrocarbons
Lightning
Lignans
Lignin
Lignocellulose
Limnology
Linseed oil
Lipids
Liquefaction
Liquid Absorption Processes
Liquid Biofuels
Liquid Fuels
Liquid Fuels from Biomass
Liquid Fuels From Waste
Liquid Fuels from Wood
Liquid Fuels – Biodiesel
Liquid Fuels – Ethanol
Liquid Fuels – Methanol
Liquid Fuels – Propanol and Butanol
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Lithosphere
Logging Residue
Logs and Woodchips
Low-Btu Gas
Lower Explosive Limit
Lower Flammability Limit
Lower Heating Value
Low-Heat Content Gas
Low-Temperature Char
Lurgi Combined Reforming Process
Lurgi Dry Ash Gasifier
Lurgi Process
Lurgi Slagging Gasifier
Lye Treating Process
M. M85
Macroalgae
Maize
Manufactured Gas
Material Balance
MDEA
MEA
Mechanical Energy
Medium-Btu Gas
Medium Heat Content Gas
Membrane
Membrane Permeation
Membrane Processes
Mercaptans
Mercury
Meson
Mesosphere
Metal Oxide Processes
Methanation
Methanation Catalysts
Methane
Methane Number
Methanogenesis
Methanogens
Methanol
Methanol – Production
Methanol – Properties
Methanol – Reactions
Methanol-Based Processes
Methanol-to-Gasoline Process
Methanol-to-Olefins Process
Methanol-to-Olefins-to-Gasoline Process
Methyl Alcohol
Microalgae
Microchannel Reactor
Mill Residue
Minerals
Miscanthus
Miscibility
Mixalco Process
Mixing
Mobile Bed Scrubber
Mobil-M Process
Moisture in Biomass
Molten Bath Gasifiers
Molten Salts
Municipal By-Products
Municipal Solid Waste
Municipal Solid Waste – Energy From
Municipal Waste
Muon
Mustard Seed
N. Naft
Naphtha
Naphthalene and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Naphthenes
Natural Gas
Neem Oil
Neutralization Number
Neutron
Neutron Moderator
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Oxides
Nitrogen Oxides Control
Noise Control
Non-Hydrocarbon Components
Non-Methane Hydrocarbons
Non-Conventional Fuel Sources
NOx
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy – Environmental Impact
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear Reactor
Nuclear Reactor – Boiling Water Reactor
Nuclear Reactor – Breeder Reactor
Nuclear Reactor - Decommissioning
Nuclear Reactor – Fast Neutron Reactor
Nuclear Reactor – Gas-Cooled Reactor
Nuclear Reactor – Heavy Water Reactor
Nuclear Reactor – Pressurized Water Reactor
Nuclear Safety
Nuclear Waste Management
O. Occidental Flash Pyrolysis Process
Ocean Currents
Ocean Energy
Octane Number
Octane Rating
Oil-Bearing Plants
Oils, Fats, and Waxes
Okra
Olamine
Olamine Processes
Olefin Hydrocarbons
Open Core Gasifier
Open-Loop Biomass
Organic Chemicals
Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions
Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Addition and Elimination Reactions
Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Hydrolysis Reactions
Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Photolysis Reactions
Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Rearrangement Reactions
Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Redox Reactions
Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Substitution Reactions
Organic Matter
Organic Solvents
Other Energy Resources
Oxidation
Oxygen
Oxygenated Gasoline
Oxygenates
Oxygen Compounds
Oxygen Cycle
Oxygen Delignification
Ozone Layer
P. Packed Bed
Packed Bed Reactor
Packed-Bed Scrubber
Paraffin Hydrocarbons
Paracoumaryl Alcohol
Partial Oxidation
Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter Control
Particulate Matter Removal
Peanut Oil
Peat
Peat Swamp and Peat Swamp Forest
Pelletization
Pellets and Briquettes
Percolation Filtration Process
Perennial Systems for Biofuel Production
Peri-Condensed Aromatic Compounds
Periodic Table of the Elements
Permeability
Petrochemicals
pH
Phenol
Phosphate Desulfurization
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Photon
Photosynthesis
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaic Cells
Physical Solvent Processes
Physical Transformation Reactions
Physical Transformation Reactions – Absorption
Physical Transformation Reactions – Adsorption
Physical Transformation Reactions – Dilution
Physisorption
Pile Burners
Pipeline Corrosion
Pipeline – Protective Coating
Pipeline Transportation
Pitch
Plant Fibers
Plasma
Platform Chemicals
Plug Flow Digester
Plutonium
Polar Cell
Pollutant
Pollution
Pollution Control
Polychlorobiphenyls
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Compounds
Polymer Waste
Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds
Pongamia Oil
Porosity
Porphyrins
Positron
Possible Reserves
Post-Combustion Cleaning
Potatoes
Potential Reserves
Pour Point
Precipitation
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Pressurized Water Reactor
Primary Biomass Feedstock
Primary Gasification
Primary Wood-Using Mill
Probable Reserves
Process Gas
Process Selection – Gas Treating
Process Selectivity
Process Wastes
Producer Gas
Product Analysis
Product Analysis – Chromatographic Methods
Product Analysis – Spectroscopic Methods
Product Blending
Product Improvement
Production of Organic Matter in Aqueous Environments
Product Treating
Propane
Propanol
Propanol and Butanol
Proteins
Protium
Proton
Proven Reserves
Proximate Analysis
P-Series Fuels
Pullman-Kellogg Process
Pulping
Pulpwood
Puraspec Process
Purisol Process
Purox Process
Pyridine Bases
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis – Biomass
Pyrolysis Processes
Pyrolysis Oil
Q. Quality
Quench
R. Radiation
Radiation – Types
Radioactive Decay
Radioactive Isotopes
Radioactive Metals
Radioactive Waste
Radioactivity
Radionuclides
Rankine Cycle
Rapeseed
Rapeseed Methyl Ester
Rate of Reaction
Reactor Types
Reburning
Recoverable Reserves
Recovery Boiler
Recovery Processes
Rectisol Process
Redox Processes
Reed Canary Grass
Reed Plants
Refinery Gas
Refinery Waste
Refining
Refining – Fischer-Tropsch Products
Refuse-Derived Fuel
Refuse Gas
Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Gas Cleaning Processes
Removal of Nitrogen-Containing Gases
Removal of Sulfur-Containing Gases
Renewability
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy – Sources
Renewable Natural Gas
Research Octane Method
Reserves
Residual Herbaceous Biomass
Residual Woody Biomass
Residues
Resources and Reserves
Reverse Osmosis
Reversible Chemical Reactions
Rhizosphere
Rice Straw
Rotary Kiln Incinerator
Rotation
Round Wood Products
RTP Process
S. Saponification Value
Sasol Slurry Phase Reactor
Sawdust Briquettes
SCOT Process
Scrap Tires
Screening
Scrubbers
Scrubbing
Scrubbing Reagent
Seashore Mallow
Secondary Biomass Feedstocks
Secondary Gasification
Sedimentation
Sedimentary Strata
Selectox Process
Selexol Process
Separation Processes – Definition and Characteristics
Separation Processes – Separation of Solids
Settling and Flotation
Shell Gasification Process
Shell Gasifier
Shell-Paques Process
Shell-Paques/Thiopaq Process
Shell SGP Process
Shell SMDS Process
Shift Conversion
Shift Conversion Catalysts
Short Rotation Coppice
Short Rotational Coppicing
Short Rotation Forestry
Sinapyl Alcohol
Sizing
Slagging, Fouling, and Clinkering
Slagging Lurgi Gasifier
Sludge
Slurry Phase Reactor
Smog
Smog Formation
Sodasol Process
Sofnolime RG Process
Softwood
Softwood Residues
Soil
Solar Collectors
Solar Energy
Solar Energy – Active
Solar Energy – Passive
Solar Furnace
Solar Furnace – The Sun
Solar Pond
Solar Power
Solar Tower
Solid Bed Adsorption
Solid Desiccant Dehydration
Solid Emissions
Solid Fuels
Solid Fuels from Waste
Solid Fuels from Wood
Solid Waste
Solvent Extraction
Solvent Precipitation
Sorghum
Sour Gas
Soybeans
Specific Gravity
Specific Heat
Spontaneous Combustion
Spontaneous Ignition
Spray Tower
Spreading
Stability and Instability
Stabilization
Stack Gas
Stack Gas Scrubbing
Starch Crops
Starches
Steam-Air Gasifier
Steam Explosion
Steam Gasification
Steam-Methane Reforming
Steam-Naphtha Reforming
Steam Reforming
Steam Regenerative Caustic Treating Process
Steam Turbine
Sterols
Stoker Combustors
Straight Vegetable Oil
Stratosphere
Straw
Stretford Process
Stripping
Sublimation
Sugar Beets
Sugar Cane
Sugar Crops
Sugars and Starch
Sulfa-Check Process
SulfaClean HC Liquid Sweetening Process
Sulfatreat Process
SulFerox Process
Sulfinol Process
Sulfur-Containing Gas Removal
Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfuric Acid Treating Process
Sun
Sunflowers
Supercritical Fluid
Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Super-Slagging Combustor
Surface Tension
Suspended Particulate Matter
Sustainability
Sweetening Processes
Sweet Potatoes
Switchgrass
Synthesis Gas
Synthesis Gas – Fermentation
Synthesis Gas – Fischer-Tropsch Process
Synthesis Gas – Production
Synthesis Gas – Products
Synthesis Gas – Quality
Synthetic Fuels
Synthetic Fuels – Production
Synthetic Gas
Synthetic Gas – Biogas
Synthetic Gas – Blue Water Gas
Synthetic Gas – Carbureted Water Gas
Synthetic Gas – High Btu Gas
Synthetic Gas – Hydrogen
Synthetic Gas – Landfill Gas
Synthetic Gas – Low-Btu Gas
Synthetic Gas – Medium Btu Gas
Synthetic Gas – Producer Gas
Synthetic Gas – Refuse Gas
Synthetic Gas – Synthesis Gas
Synthetic Gas – Water Gas
Synthetic Gas – Wood Gas
Synthol Process
Syntroleum Process
T. Tail Gas
Tail Gas Cleaning
Tail Gas Cleaning – Beavon Process
Tail Gas Cleaning – Claus Process
Tail Gas Cleaning – SCOT Process
Tall Oil
Tallow
Tar Removal from Gas Streams
Tar Removal from Gas Streams – Physical Methods
Tar Removal from Gas Streams – Thermal Methods
Tar Sand
TEA
Tertiary Biomass Feedstocks
Texaco Gasification Process
Texaco Gasifier
Thermal Conversion
Thermal Cracking
Thermal Decomposition
Thermochemical Platform
Thermosphere
Thiolex/Regen Process
Thiopaq DeSOx Process
Thiopaq Hydrogen Sulfide Removal
Thorium
Tidal Barrage
Tidal Energy
Tidal Stream Generator
Timber Belts
Timberland
Tires – Devulcanization
Tires - Dry Distillation
Tires – Hydrogenation
Tires – Pyrolysis
Tires – Scrap
Ton, Tonne
Torrefaction
Town Gas
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
Trace Element
Transesterification
Transformation in the Environment
Transuranium Elements
Traveling Grate Furnace
Tritium
Troposphere
Tumbling-Bed Gasifier
Turbine
Turbine - Condensing
Turbine – Horizontal and Vertical Axis
Turbine – Impulse
Turbine – Reaction
Turbine – Steam
Turbopause
Two-Stage Gasification
U. U-Gas Process
Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration
Unconventional Gas
Undiscovered Reserves
Unit Process
Unisol Process
Unit Collector
Unproven Reserves
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Updraft Combustion
Updraft Gasifier
Upflow Expanded-Bed Reactor
Upper Explosive Limit
Upper Flammability Limit
Uranium
Urban Waste
Urban Waste Briquettes
V. Vapor Density
Vapor Pressure
Vegetable Oils
Volatile Matter
Volatile Organic Compounds
Volatility, Flammability, and Explosive Properties
W. Walker Circulation
Waste
Waste Biomass
Waste – Domestic and Industrial
Waste – Effects of
Waste – Fuels From
Waste – Hazardous
Waste to Energy
Waste – Toxicity
Waste – Types
Waste Disposal
Waste Disposal – Acid Hydrolysis
Waste Disposal – Anaerobic Digestion
Waste Disposal – Briquetting
Waste Disposal – Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Waste Disposal – Gasification
Waste Disposal – Incineration
Waste Disposal – Pyrolysis
Waste Management
Waste Management – Biological Methods
Waste Management – Chemical Methods
Waste Management – Physical Methods
Waste Management – Pretreatment
Waste Management – Thermal Methods
Waste Management – Waste Exchange
Waste Minimization and Separation
Waste Streams
Waste Tires
Waste Vegetable Oil
Water
Water-Cooled Vibrating Grate Boiler
Water Cycle
Water Cycle
Water Gas
Water-Gas Shift Reaction
Water Pollutants
Water Pollution
Water Removal from Gas Streams
Water Removal from Gas Streams – Absorption
Water Removal from Gas Streams – Adsorption
Water Removal from Gas Streams – Cryogenics
Water Removal from Gas Streams – Methanol-Based Processes
Water System
Water Washing
Wave Energy
Weibull Distribution
Wellman-Galusha Process
Wellman-Lord Process
Wet Air Oxidation
Wet Gas
Wet Milling Process
Wet Oxidation Processes
Wet Scrubbers
Wet Scrubbing Systems
Wet Sulfuric Acid Process
Wheat Straw
Willow
Wind Energy
Wind Power
Wind Speed and Wind Gusts
Wind Turbines
Wind Turbines – Classification
Wind Turbines – Environmental Impact
Winkler Gasifier
Winkler Process
Wobbe index
Wood
Wood – Biomass
Wood Chips
Wood – Combustion
Wood – Composition and Properties
Wood – Fuels from
Wood Gasification
Wood – Hardwood
Wood Pellets
Wood Powder and Sawdust
Wood – Softwood
Wood – Solvent Extractable Material
Wood – Thermal Treatment
Wood – Uses
Woodall-Duckham Process
Wood Gas
Wood Smoke
Woody Feedstock
X. Xylan
Xylene
Xylose
Xylose Fermentation
Y. Yeast
Yellow Cake
Yellow Flax
Yellow Grease
Z. Zeolite
Zinc Oxide Process
Zinc Oxide Slurry Process
Conversion Factors
Further Reading
About the Author
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The primary process for sweetening sour natural gas is quite similar to the processes of glycol dehydration and removal of natural gas liquids by absorption. In this case, however, amine (olamine) solutions are used to remove the hydrogen sulfide (the amine process).
Table A-19 Amines (olamines) used for gas processing.
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