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James Holland. Sicily '43
James Holland. SICILY ’43. The First Assault on Fortress Europe
Contents
About the Author
Also by James Holland. Non-fiction
Fiction
Picture Acknowledgements
Note on the Text
List of Maps
Map Key
Principal Personalities. American. Major Mark Alexander
Staff Sergeant James Altieri
Lieutenant-General Omar M. Bradley
Lieutenant John Mason Brown
Lieutenant James M. ‘Jimmy’ Bruno
Harry Butcher
Lieutenant Max Corvo
Lieutenant Charlie Dryden
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Lieutenant Warren ‘Bing’ Evans
Lieutenant Douglas Fairbanks Jr
Colonel James M. ‘Jim’ Gavin
Private Eugene ‘Breezy’ Griffin
Captain Chester B. ‘Chet’ Hansen
Lieutenant Franklyn A. Johnson
Corporal Audie Murphy
Lieutenant-General George S. Patton
Ernie Pyle
Sergeant Carl Rambo
Lieutenant Charlie Scheffel
Lieutenant-General Carl ‘Tooey’ Spaatz
Lieutenant Robert ‘Smoky’ Vrilakas
British. General Sir Harold Alexander
Lieutenant-Colonel George Chatterton
Corporal Bill Cheall
Captain David Cole
Air Marshal Sir Arthur ‘Mary’ Coningham
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Browne Cunningham
Lieutenant Peter Davis
Corporal James Donaldson
Wing Commander Hugh ‘Cocky’ Dundas
Lieutenant David Fenner
Staff Sergeant Dennis ‘Galp’ Galpin
Midshipman Peter Hay
Sergeant John Johnstone
General Sir Bernard Montgomery
Lieutenant-Colonel Alastair Pearson
Major Peter Pettit
Sergeant Raymond Phillips
Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder
Major Hedley Verity
Canadian. Captain Alex Campbell
Flight Lieutenant Irving ‘Hap’ Kennedy
Private Archie ‘A. K.’ Long
Lieutenant Farley Mowat
Major Lord John Tweedsmuir
German. Oberst Ernst-Günther Baade
Oberst Hellmuth Bergengruen
Kanonier Hanns Cibulka
Leutnant Karl Goldschmidt
Unteroffizier Bruno Kanert
Feldmarschall Albert Kesselring
Oberfeldwebel Josef ‘Jupp’ Klein
Oberstarzt Wilhelm Mauss
Leutnant Martin Pöppel
Oberst Wilhelm Schmalz
Generalleutnant Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin
Grenadier Werner Stappenbeck
Major Johannes ‘Macky’ Steinhoff
Generalleutnant Walter Warlimont
Italian. Tenente Melino Barbagallo
Tenente Giuseppe Bruccoleri
Generale Alfredo Guzzoni
Vincenza La Bruna
Tenente-Colonnello Dante Ugo Leonardi
Tenente Livio Messina
Michele Piccione
Mario Turco
Prologue. The Burning Blue
CHAPTER 1. The Long Path to HUSKY
CHAPTER 2. A United Front
CHAPTER 3. The Problem of Planning
CHAPTER 4. Hitler’s Gamble
CHAPTER 5. Air Power
CHAPTER 6. Corkscrew
CHAPTER 7. Man of Honour
CHAPTER 8. The Glitch in the Plan
CHAPTER 9. Crescendo in the Air
CHAPTER 10. Countdown
CHAPTER 11. Airborne Assault
CHAPTER 12. Early Hours of D-Day
CHAPTER 13. Landings
CHAPTER 14. Foothold
CHAPTER 15. Night Attack
CHAPTER 16. Counter-Attack at Gela
CHAPTER 17. Fightback at Gela
CHAPTER 18. Expanding the Bridgehead
CHAPTER 19. Taking Stock
CHAPTER 20. Primosole Bridge
CHAPTER 21. Shooting
CHAPTER 22. Slaughter at the Bridge
CHAPTER 23. The Bloody Plain
CHAPTER 24. Assoro
CHAPTER 25. Overthrow
CHAPTER 26. The Bloody Mountains
CHAPTER 27. Closing In
CHAPTER 28. Troina and Centuripe
CHAPTER 29. The Etna Battles
CHAPTER 30. The Straits of Messina
Postscript
AIR POWER
GETTING READY
HUSKY – THE INVASION
SICILY
THE BATTLEFIELD TODAY
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
Appendix 1: Allied and Axis Forces. ALLIED FORCES
ALLIED 15TH ARMY GROUP
US SEVENTH ARMY
US II CORPS
US PROVISIONAL CORPS
BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY
ARMY TROOPS
BRITISH XIII CORPS
BRITISH XXX CORPS
ALLIED MEDITERRANEAN NAVAL COMMAND
COVERING FORCE (TO PREVENT ITALIAN NAVY FROM ATTACKING THE INVASION FORCES)
ALLIED AIR FORCES
MEDITERRANEAN AIR COMMAND (ALLIED)
XII Air Support Command
Tactical Bomber Force
Northwest African Troop Carrier Command
Northwest African Photographic Reconnaissance Wing
Northwest African Air Service Command
Northwest African Training Command
Air Headquarters Malta
No. 216 (Transport and Ferry) Group
RAF Gibraltar
Middle East Command
No. 201 (Naval Co-operation) Group
Air Headquarters Air Defences Eastern Mediterranean
US Ninth Air Force
AXIS FORCES. ARMED FORCES COMMAND
GERMAN
XIV PANZER KORPS
ITALIAN. SIXTH ARMY
XII Corpo
XVI Corpo
Navy Garrison
Appendix 2: Number of Times Sicilian Towns and Cities Hit by Allied Bombers
Timeline, January–September 1943 ———————— January ———————— 17 JANUARY
23 JANUARY
———————— April ———————— 24 APRIL
———————— May ———————— 3 MAY
13 MAY
20 MAY
———————— June ———————— 1–2 JUNE
7 JUNE
9 JUNE
11 JUNE
15 JUNE
20 JUNE
26 JUNE
———————— July ———————— SATURDAY 3 JULY
MONDAY 5 JULY
FRIDAY 9 JULY
SATURDAY 10 JULY
SUNDAY 11 JULY
MONDAY 12 JULY
TUESDAY 13 JULY
WEDNESDAY 14 JULY
14–15 JULY
THURSDAY 15 JULY
FRIDAY 16 JULY
SATURDAY 17 JULY
17–18 JULY
SUNDAY 18 JULY
MONDAY 19 JULY
TUESDAY 20 JULY
WEDNESDAY 21 JULY
THURSDAY 22 JULY
FRIDAY 23 JULY
SATURDAY 24 JULY
SUNDAY 25 JULY
MONDAY 26 JULY
TUESDAY 27 JULY
WEDNESDAY 28 JULY
THURSDAY 29 JULY
FRIDAY 30 JULY
SATURDAY 31 JULY
———————— August ———————— SUNDAY 1 AUGUST
MONDAY 2 AUGUST
TUESDAY 3 AUGUST
WEDNESDAY 4 AUGUST
THURSDAY 5 AUGUST
FRIDAY 6 AUGUST
SATURDAY 7 AUGUST
NIGHT 7–8 AUGUST
SUNDAY 8 AUGUST
MONDAY 9 AUGUST
TUESDAY 10 AUGUST
WEDNESDAY 11 AUGUST
THURSDAY 12 AUGUST
FRIDAY 13 AUGUST
SATURDAY 14 AUGUST
SUNDAY 15 AUGUST
MONDAY 16 AUGUST
TUESDAY 17 AUGUST
WEDNESDAY 18 AUGUST
———————— September ———————— 1 SEPTEMBER
8 SEPTEMBER
9 SEPTEMBER
Notes
Prologue: The Burning Blue
1 The Long Path to HUSKY
2 A United Front
3 The Problem of Planning
4 Hitler’s Gamble
5 Air Power
6 CORKSCREW
7 Man of Honour
8 The Glitch in the Plan
9 Crescendo in the Air
10 Countdown
11 Airborne Assault
12 Early Hours of D-Day
13 Landings
14 Foothold
15 Night Attack
16 Counter-Attack at Gela
17 Fightback at Gela
18 Expanding the Bridgehead
19 Taking Stock
20 Primosole Bridge
21 Shooting
22 Slaughter at the Bridge
23 The Bloody Plain
24 Assoro
25 Overthrow
26 The Bloody Mountains
27 Closing In
28 Troina and Centuripe
29 The Etna Battles
30 The Straits of Messina
Postscript
Selected Sources. PERSONAL TESTIMONIES. Interviews by the Author
Interviews by Elio Chisari
Imperial War Museum, London
Interview by Mario Orsini
National World War II Museum, New Orleans
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
US Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell, Alabama
US Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
UNPUBLISHED REPORTS, MEMOIRS AND PAPERS. Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg
Churchill College Archives, Cambridge
Deutsches Tagebucharchiv, Emmendingen
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas
Eton College Library, Eton
Ike Skelton Combined Arms Research Library, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
Imperial War Museum, London
Library of Congress, Washington DC
Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King’s College, London
National Archives, Kew. War Diaries
RAF Operational Record Books
Documents
National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland
Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington DC
US Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell, Alabama
US Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Memoirs
Foreign Military Studies
CONTEMPORARY PAMPHLETS, BOOKLETS AND TRAINING MEMORANDA
OFFICIAL HISTORIES
EQUIPMENT, WEAPONS AND TECHNICAL
MEMOIRS AND BIOGRAPHIES
GENERAL
PERIODICALS, JOURNALS, MAGAZINES AND PAMPHLETS
Acknowledgements
Index
CHAPTER 16: Counter-Attack at Gela
