Psychotherapy
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Оглавление
James Joseph Walsh. Psychotherapy
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS
SECTION I. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
CHAPTER I. GREAT PHYSICIANS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY
FIRST PHYSICIAN
PSYCHOTHERAPY IN EGYPT
MIND HEALING IN GREECE
ALEXANDRIAN PSYCHOTHERAPY
PSYCHOTHERAPY AT ROME
ARABIAN MENTAL MEDICINE
MEDIEVAL MIND-HEALING
MENTAL HEALING IN THE RENAISSANCE
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND MODERN MEDICINE
CHAPTER II. UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS
REMEDIES PLUS SUGGESTION
CHAPTER III. GENUINE REMEDIES AND SUGGESTIVE EXAGGERATION
THERAPEUTIC PERSUASION
CHAPTER IV. SIGNATURES AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
CHAPTER V. PSEUDO-SCIENCE AND MENTAL HEALING
ASTROLOGY
HERBAL MEDICINE
ALCHEMY
MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE
MAGNETISM
ELECTROTHERAPY
LIGHT AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
THE X-RAY
RADIUM AND RADIO-ACTIVITY
SUGGESTION AND PSEUDO-SCIENCE
CHAPTER VI. QUACKERY AND MIND CURES
CHAPTER VII. NOSTRUMS AND THE HEALING POWER OF SUGGESTION
CHAPTER VIII. AMULETS, TALISMANS, CHARMS
CHAPTER IX. DETERRENT THERAPEUTICS
CHAPTER X. INFLUENCE OF THE PERSONALITY IN THERAPEUTICS
IMPRESSIVE PERSONALITY
SUCCESS IN HEALING
CHAPTER XI. FAITH CURES
GENERAL PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS
SECTION II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER I. INFLUENCE OF MIND ON BODY
CHAPTER II. UNFAVORABLE MENTAL INFLUENCE
CHAPTER III. THE INFLUENCE OF BODY ON MIND
CHAPTER IV. THE MECHANISM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MIND ON BODY
CHAPTER V. BRAIN CELLS AND MENTAL OPERATIONS
ATTENTION
MEMORY
UNCONSCIOUS CEREBRATION
ABSTRACTION OF MIND
PREOCCUPATION OF MIND
VITAL ENERGY BEHIND BRAIN CELLS
CHAPTER VI. UNCONSCIOUS CEREBRATION
SLEEP COMMUNICATIONS
PATHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
MENTAL RELAXATION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
CHAPTER VII. DISTANT MENTAL INFLUENCE
CHAPTER VIII. SECONDARY PERSONALITY
CHAPTER IX. HYPNOTISM
FORMER METHODS OF HYPNOTIZATION
PRESENT DAY METHODS OF HYPNOTIZATION
PRACTICE OF HYPNOTISM
ANIMAL HYPNOTISM
DANGERS OF HYPNOTISM
SECTION III. THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT
CHAPTER I. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT
CHAPTER II. THE MORNING HOURS
CHAPTER III. THE DAY'S WORK
CHAPTER IV. THE MIDDLE OP THE DAY
CHAPTER V. THE LEISURE HOURS
SECTION IV. GENERAL PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS
CHAPTER I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
SECTION V. ADJUVANTS AND DISTURBING FACTORS
CHAPTER I. SUGGESTION
CHAPTER II. EXERCISE
CHAPTER III. POSITION
CHAPTER IV. TRAINING
CHAPTER V. OCCUPATION OF MIND
CHAPTER VI. DIVERSION OF MIND—HOBBIES
CHAPTER VII. HABIT
PHYSICAL HABITS
MENTAL HABITS
MANNERS AND DISPOSITION
THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF HABIT
CHAPTER VIII. PAIN
SPECIAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
SECTION VI. THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
CHAPTER I. INFLUENCE OF MIND ON FOOD DIGESTION
CHAPTER II. INDIGESTION AND UNFAVORABLE STATES OF MIND
CHAPTER III. PSYCHIC TREATMENT OF DIGESTIVE CONDITIONS
MENTAL INFLUENCE IN DYSPEPSIA AND INDIGESTION
PREVENTION AND CORRECTION
CHAPTER IV. APPETITE
CHAPTER V. CONSTIPATION
CHAPTER VI. NEUROTIC INTESTINAL AFFECTIONS
CHAPTER VII. MUCO-MEMBRANOUS COLITIS
CHAPTER VIII. OBESITY
CHAPTER IX. WEIGHT AND GOOD FEELING
CHAPTER X. VAGUE ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORTS—LOOSE KIDNEY
SECTION VII. CARDIOTHERAPY
CHAPTER I. THE HEART AND MENTAL INFLUENCE
CHAPTER II. DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS IN HEART DISEASE
CHAPTER III. CARDIAC NEUROSES
CHAPTER IV. CARDIAC PALPITATION AND GASTRO-INTESTINAL DISTURBANCE
CHAPTER V. ANGINA PECTORIS
CHAPTER VI. TACHYCARDIA
CHAPTER VII. BRADYCARDIA
SECTION VIII. RESPIRATORY DISEASES
CHAPTER I. COUGHS AND COLDS
CHAPTER II. TUBERCULOSIS
PROGNOSIS AND SUGGESTION
ANNOUNCING THE DIAGNOSIS
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
FAVORABLE MENTAL ATTITUDE
CHARACTER AS A THERAPEUTIC ASSET
SUGGESTION AS TO SYMPTOMS
CHAPTER III. NEUROTIC ASTHMA AND COGNATE CONDITIONS
CHAPTER IV. DUST ASTHMA, SEASONAL CATARRH, HAY FEVER
CHAPTER V. DYSPNEA—CAT AND HORSE ASTHMA
SECTION IX. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN THE JOINT AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM
CHAPTER I. PAINFUL JOINT CONDITIONS—PSEUDO-RHEUMATISM.32
SUGGESTION IN TREATMENT OF SO-CALLED RHEUMATISMS
CHAPTER II. OLD INJURIES AND SO-CALLED RHEUMATISM
CHAPTER III. MUSCULAR PAINS AND ACHES
CHAPTER IV. OCCUPATION MUSCLE AND JOINT PAINS
CHAPTER V. PAINFUL ARM AND TRUNK CONDITIONS
CHAPTER VI. LUMBAGO AND SCIATICA
SCIATICA
CHAPTER VII. PAINFUL KNEE CONDITIONS
CHAPTER VIII. FOOT TROUBLES
CHAPTER IX. ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS
HEBERDEN'S NODES
ACUTE PROGRESSIVE ARTHRITIS
CHRONIC ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER X. COCCYGODYNIA
SECTION X. GYNECOLOGICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
CHAPTER I. MENTAL HEALING IN GYNECOLOGY
CHAPTER II. PSYCHIC STATES IN MENSTRUATION
CHAPTER III. AMENORRHEA
CHAPTER IV. DYSMENORRHEA
CHAPTER V. MENORRHAGIA
CHAPTER VI. THE MENOPAUSE
SECTION XI. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN OBSTETRICS
CHAPTER I. SUGGESTION IN OBSTETRICS
PREGNANCY
LABOR
NURSING
CHAPTER II. MATERNAL IMPRESSIONS
SECTION XII. GENITO-URINARY DISEASES
CHAPTER I. PROSTATISM
CHAPTER II. SEXUAL NEUROSES
CHAPTER III. SEXUAL HABITS
SECTION XIII. SKIN DISEASES
CHAPTER I. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN SKIN DISEASES
SECTION XIV. DISEASES OF DUCTLESS GLANDS
CHAPTER I. DIABETES
CHAPTER II. GRAVES' DISEASE
SECTION XV. ORGANIC NERVOUS DISEASES
CHAPTER I. PSYCHOTHERAPY OF ORGANIC NERVOUS DISEASES
CHAPTER II. CEREBRAL APOPLEXY
CHAPTER III. LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA
CHAPTER IV. PARESIS
CHAPTER V. EPILEPSY AND PSEUDO-EPILEPSY
EPILEPSY
PSEUDO-EPILEPSY
CHAPTER VI. PARALYSIS AGITANS
CHAPTER VII. HEADACHE
SECTION XVI. NEUROSES
CHAPTER I. NERVOUS WEAKNESS (NEURASTHENIA)
CHAPTER II. CHOREA
CHAPTER III. TICS
CHAPTER IV. STUTTERING, ATAXIA IN TALKING, WALKING, WRITING, ETC
CHAPTER V. TREMORS
DISORDERS OF THE PSYCHE
SECTION XVII. PSYCHO-NEUROSES
CHAPTER I. PSYCHO-NEUROSES (HYSTERIA)
FORMS OF NEUROTIC SIMULATION
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
SECTION XVIII. DISORDERS OF MIND
CHAPTER I. MENTAL INCAPACITY (PSYCHASTHENIA)
CHAPTER II. HALLUCINATIONS
CHAPTER III. DREADS
DEFINITE DREADS
DREADS OF MEN OF GENIUS
OBSESSIONS
FORGOTTEN FRIGHTS AND DREADS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER IV. HEREDITY
CHAPTER V. PREMONITIONS
CHAPTER VI. PERIODICAL DEPRESSION
MENTAL STATES OF DISAPPOINTMENT
CHAPTER VII. INSOMNIA
TREATMENT
CHAPTER VIII. SOME TROUBLES OF SLEEP
CHAPTER IX. DREAMS
CHAPTER X. DISORDERS OF MEMORY
CHAPTER XI. PSYCHIC CONTAGION
SECTION XIX. DISORDERS OF WILL
CHAPTER I. ALCOHOLISM
CHAPTER II. DRUG ADDICTIONS
CHAPTER III. SUICIDE
CHAPTER IV. GRIEF
CHAPTER V. DOUBTING
CHAPTER VI. RESPONSIBILITY AND WILL POWER
SECTION XX. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN SURGERY
CHAPTER I. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN OLD-TIME SURGERY
CHAPTER II. MENTAL INFLUENCE BEFORE OPERATION
CHAPTER III. MENTAL INFLUENCE IN ANESTHESIA
CHAPTER IV. MENTAL INFLUENCE AFTER OPERATION
APPENDIX I. ILLUSIONS
APPENDIX II. RELIGION AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Отрывок из книги
To physicians who are students not alone of the manifestations of disease but also of the workings of human nature, there are few chapters in the history of medicine more interesting than those which record the welcome by each generation of the supposed advances in the treatment of disease. Each generation announced its cures for diseases, provided its remedies to relieve symptoms, and invented methods of treatment that seemed to put off the inevitable tendency toward dissolution. Yet few of these inventions and discoveries maintain their early reputations, and succeeding generations invariably abandon most of this supposed medical progress in favor of ideas of their own, which later suffer a like fate. Plausible theories have not been lacking to support the successive remedies and methods of treatment, but the general acceptance of them was always founded far less upon theory than upon actual observation of their supposed efficacy. Certain remedies were given and the patients began to improve. Patients who did not have the remedies continued to suffer, and sometimes the course of their disease led to a fatal termination. Even with the best remedies death sometimes took place, but that was easily accounted for on the ground that the disease had secured so firm a hold that it could not be dislodged, even by a good remedy. The connection of cause and effect between the administration of the remedy and the improvement and eventual cure of the patient seemed to be demonstrated.
The archives of old-time medicine disprove the notion that clinical learning and teaching—that is, observation and demonstration at the bedside—were not part of medical education until quite modern times. The medical books of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries are full of descriptions of actual cases, while, over a millenium before, one of Martial's epigrams tells of a patient who dreaded the coming of his physician because he brought with him so many students, whose cold hands gave chills to the poor victim.
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Common Ailments and Nostrums.—Certain ailments are particularly the subject of exploitation by the manufacturers of remedies. Rheumatism is one of these, neuralgia is another, catarrh is a third, and headache a fourth. Then there are various forms of indigestion and all the pains and aches associated with it. All of these ailments are rather vague and are in some cases at least, due to the insistent dwelling of the patient's mind on some symptom of very little significance. Others are real pains and aches, relieved by some simple anodyne drugs, doubly efficient when taken with the suggestion that they represent a wonderful discovery, which came only after long years of study and investigation, and are said to represent a new departure in medicine. Another favorite field for the nostrum vender is the series of pains and aches associated with the menstrual condition. Many of these nostrums are used by hundreds of thousands, and yet an analysis shows that probably the only active substance in them is the alcohol in which certain of the drug principles are dissolved. This makes the patient feel better by the exaltation that comes from the dose of alcohol and the rest is merely suggestion, though there is no doubt that symptoms which have failed to be cured by physicians are sometimes relieved by these remedies. It is a cure by faith, not by medicine.
Cured Cases as Evidence.—As all of the nostrums, and indeed all the therapeutic movements supposedly medical or physical or religious, secure their vogue on the strength of reported cures, this would seem to be the best possible evidence for the efficacy of a remedy. But unless the cases supposed to be cured are critically examined and analyzed, and above all, followed for some time afterwards, such evidence is open to all sorts of errors. Is it any wonder, then, that the physician, familiar with the history of medicine in this regard, asks for the careful study and analysis of these cases. We know that it was on the strength of cures effected by it, that the weapon ointment became possible throughout Europe. We know that portions of the body of executed criminals and the touch of the hanged cured as many cases as, let us say, osteopathy or Eddyism. The sympathetic powder and its advocates appealed to the many cures that followed its use. Every other nostrum from the beginning of time has made this same appeal.
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