Theory and Practice of Couples and Family Counseling
Реклама. ООО «ЛитРес», ИНН: 7719571260.
Оглавление
James Robert Bitter. Theory and Practice of Couples and Family Counseling
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Theory and Practice of Couples and Family Counseling
DEDICATION
FOREWORD
PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PART 1Basic Issues in the Practice of Couples and Family Counseling
CHAPTER 1. Introduction and Overview
Why I Became a Couples and Family Counselor
An Overview of the Book
An Overview of the Theory Chapters. The Early Pioneers
Object Relations Family Counseling
Adlerian Family Counseling
Bowen and Multigenerational Family Counseling
Satir and the Human Validation Process Model
Whitaker and Symbolic-Experiential Family Counseling
Minuchin and Structural Family Counseling
Strategic Family Counseling
The Postmodern Transition
Solution-Focused and Solution-Oriented (Possibility) Counseling
Postmodern, Social Constructionist, and Narrative Approaches to Family Counseling
Feminist Family Counseling
Evidence-Based Practice
Cognitive Behavioral Family Counseling
Parenting
Current Approaches to Couples Counseling
The Science of Couples Counseling
Emotionally Focused Counseling With Couples
Imago Counseling With Couples
Suggestions for Using the Book
The Systems Perspective
Bioecological Systems Theory
The Family and Macrosystems, Normal Family Processes, Diversity, and Resiliency
Differences Between Systemic and Individual Approaches
Notes
CHAPTER 2. Genograms of Couples and Family Counseling
The History of Family Counseling I: Systemic Pioneers and Their Offspring. Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Their Followers
Murray Bowen
Carl Whitaker
The Stories of Two Women: Virginia Satir and Lynn Hoffman
The History of Family Counseling II: From Structure to Strategy to Solutions
Salvador Minuchin
Family Systems, Cybernetics, Bateson, and MRI
Jay Haley
The Milan Model
Solution-Focused/Solution-Oriented Models
The History of Family Counseling III: From Postmodern, Social Constructionism to Feminism. Postmodernism
Harlene Anderson, Harold Goolishian, and Karl Tomm
Michael White and David Epston
The Feminist Critique and Feminist Family Counseling
The History of Couples and Family Counseling IV: The Evidence-Based Practices of Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy, Parenting, and Couples Counseling. Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B. F. Skinner: The Development of Behavioral Approaches
Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, and the Development of Cognitive Approaches
Cognitive Behavioral Family Counseling
Parenting in the 21st Century
The Couples Counselors
Summary
Appendix
CHAPTER 3. The Couples and Family Practitioner as Person and Professional
The Family of the Family Practitioner
Hanging Hats and Clearing the Mind and Heart to Focus
Personal Characteristics and Orientations of Effective Family Practitioners
The Process of Change and Therapeutic Process
Beginning Your Work as a Couples or Family Practitioner
Getting Started
Have the Courage to Be Imperfect
Study Your Own Work
Cultivate Silence and Reflection
Learn to Tolerate Quiet Times
Think About Your Evolving Role as a Family Practitioner
Develop a Sense of Humor
Consider Collaborative Practice
Be Careful With Advice
Have a Life of Your Own
Toward a Foundation for Integration
Gender and Multicultural Lenses
The Scholar-Practitioner in Family Counseling and Therapy
Summary
CHAPTER 4. Virtue, Ethics, and Legality in Couples and Family Practice
A Consideration of Virtue
Systemic Perspectives
Ethics Codes and Standards of Professional Practice
Perspectives on Ethics
Principle Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Participatory Ethics
Ethical Decision-Making
Models of Ethical Decision-Making
The Critical-Evaluation Model
A Virtue Ethics Model
A Participatory Ethics Model
Common Ethical Dilemmas in Couples and Family Practice
Sidebar 4.1 • A Learning Challenge
Confidentiality
Conceptualizing the Client
Informed Consent
Handling Relational Matters in an Individual Context
Gender and Cultural Issues
Professional Regulations and Legal Requirements
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Recommended Readings
Notes
PART 2 Theories and Practice in Couples and Family Counseling
INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE OF THE QUEST FAMILY
Biography of the Quest Family
Quest Family Genogram
Note
CHAPTER 5. Object Relations Family Counseling
Key Concepts
Sigmund Freud
Melanie Klein
W. R. D. Fairbairn
D. W. Winnicott
Margaret S. Mahler
Stephen A. Mitchell
Harry Stack Sullivan
John Bowlby
Alan Schore
David E. Scharff and Jill Savege Scharff
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
First Considerations
Analysis of Resistance
Enlarging the Field of Participation
Working in the Here and Now
Interpretation and Other Interventions
Transference and Working Through
Countertransference
Working With Couples
Object Relations Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resource
CHAPTER 6. Adlerian Family Counseling
Key Concepts
Family Atmosphere
The Family Constellation
Mistaken Goals: An Interactional View
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Early Recollections
Problem Descriptions and Goal Identification
Typical Day
The Child Interview and Goal Disclosure
Reorienting and Reeducating the Family
Working With Couples
Adlerian Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resource
Note
CHAPTER 7. Multigenerational Family Counseling
Key Concepts
Differentiation of the Self and Emotional Cutoff
Triangulation and the Nuclear Family Emotional System
The Family Projection Process and Multigenerational Transmission
Sibling Position
The Societal Projection Process or Societal Regression
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Counselor Self-Awareness
Implications for Training Family Counselors
Process and Interventions
Genogram Work
Asking Process Questions
Relationship Experiments
Coaching
I-Positions
Displacement Stories
Working With Couples
Bowen Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
CHAPTER 8. Human Validation Process Model
Key Concepts
Family Life
Functional Versus Dysfunctional Communication in Families
Defensive Communication Stances in Coping With Stress
Family Roles and Family Triads
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Ingredients of an Interaction and the Personal Iceberg
Family Sculpting
Family Reconstruction
Parts Parties
Working With Couples
Satir Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
CHAPTER 9. Structural Family Counseling1
Key Concepts
Family Structure
Family Subsystems
Boundaries
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Family Mapping
Enactments
Reframing
Working With Couples
Structural Family Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
Note
CHAPTER 10. Strategic Family Counseling
The MRI Model
The Milan Model
Key Concepts
Counseling Goals. The MRI Model
The Washington School
The Milan Model
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Joining
Reframing
Directives
Paradoxical Interventions
Process and Interventions at MRI
Process and Techniques at the Washington School
Process and Techniques in Milan
Working With Couples
Strategic Family Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
CHAPTER 11. Solution-Focused and Solution-Oriented Family Counseling
Key Concepts
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
The Miracle Question
Exception Questions
Scaling Questions
Signs and Questions of Difference
Compliments and Coping Questions
Summary Messages
Introducing Doubt
Normalization
Changing the Doing of the Problem
Working With the Future
Multiple-Choice Questions
Working With Couples
Solution-Oriented Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
Notes
CHAPTER 12. Postmodernism, Social Construction, and Narratives in Couples and Family Counseling
Key Concepts
The Linguistic Approach: Harlene Anderson and Harold Goolishian
The Reflecting Team: Tom Andersen
The Narrative Approach: Michael White and David Epston
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Listening With Curiosity
Questions That Make a Difference
Naming the Problem
Deconstruction and Externalization
Metaphorical Stances
Alternative Stories and Reauthoring
Maps of Narrative Practice
Involving Outside Communities in Counseling
Letters and Documents
Working With Couples
Narrative Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
Notes
CHAPTER 13. Feminist Family Counseling
Key Concepts
Honoring the Experiences and Perceptions of Women
The Personal Is Political
Egalitarian Relationships
Social Transformation and Advocacy
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Egalitarian Relationships
Consciousness-Raising
Gender Role and Power Analyses
Self-Disclosure
Bibliotherapy
Assertiveness Training
Reframing and Relabeling
Working With Couples
Feminist Counseling With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
CHAPTER 14. Cognitive Behavioral Family Counseling
Key Concepts
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Assessments. Self-Report Questionnaires
Assessment of Cognitions: Interviews
Assessment of Interactions: Interviews
Behavioral Observation
Interventions. Communication Training
Problem-Solving Training
Challenging Irrational Beliefs
Identifying Automatic Thoughts and Cognitive Restructuring
Contracts and Behavior Change Agreements
Acting “As If”
Homework
Working With Couples
CBFT With the Quest Family
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
CHAPTER 15. The Science of Couples Counseling
Key Concepts. The Sound Relationship House
Pillars
Conflict Regulation
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Assessment and Biofeedback
Process. Conflict Management
Love Maps
The Stress-Reducing Conversation
The Gentle Start-Up
The Gottman-Rapoport Intervention
The Art of Compromise Intervention
Dreams Within Conflict
The Dan Wile Intervention
The Aftermath of a Fight or Regrettable Incident Exercise
Rituals of Connection
Working With Families
Gottman Counseling With Jane and Paul Quest
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
Notes
CHAPTER 16. Emotionally Focused Counseling With Couples
Key Concepts
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
Mirroring Present Process
Engaging in Affect Assembly and Deepening
Choreographing Engaged Encounters
Processing the Encounter
Working With Families
EFC With Jane and Paul Quest
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Summary
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
Note
CHAPTER 17. Imago Relationship Counseling With Couples
Key Concepts
Counseling Goals
The Counselor’s Role and Function
Process and Interventions
The Couples Dialogue
The Behavior Change Request Dialogue
The Healing Dialogue
Sidebar 17.1 • Couples Dialogue
Sidebar 17.2 • Behavior Change Request Dialogue
Sidebar 17.3 • The Healing Dialogue
Working With Families
Imago Counseling With Jane and Paul Quest
Contributions to Multicultural Counseling and Gender Issues
Where to Go From Here
Three Essential Books on This Model
Video Resources
PART 3 From Self-Discovery to Family Practice
CHAPTER 18. Integration: Forming a Relationship, Couple and Family Assessment, and Treatment
Videotaping Your Work and Taking Time for Reflection
A Process for Couples and Family Counseling Across Models
Common Factors in Couples and Family Practice
Forming a Relationship
Conducting an Assessment
Pillars of Integrative Counseling
The Seven Lenses
Formal Assessments
Hypothesizing and Sharing Meaning
Describing the System
Integrative Models
Facilitating Change
Resilience
Tailoring Treatment
Ensuring Therapeutic Efficacy: Treatment Adherence and Relapse Prevention
Integrative Counseling With the Quest Family
Core Competencies, Accreditation Standards, and Training
Some Final Thoughts
REFERENCES
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
Отрывок из книги
THIRD EDITION
.....
Modern systems practitioners tend to want as many members of the family as possible in the room—often including friends and other members from the family’s community. It is not, however, how many people are in the room that counts: it is how the family practitioner thinks about the people in the room. It is about focusing on transactions, sequences of interaction, interdependence, recursion, and mutual influence (concepts more fully defined in subsequent chapters): It is about process. It involves seeing the purpose and systemic logic in what often appear to be paradoxical processes. It is accepting the subjectivity of the family practitioner, studying it, knowing it, watching for its impact on the counseling session, and working to place it in the service of clients’ well-being. It is learning to see how a problem affects the couple or family and how these systems maintain the problem. It is understanding that each individual has an internal system (Schwartz, 2001), and it is learning to consider the impact of larger systems on the family, especially the politics that relate to race, gender, culture, sexual or affectional orientation, age, socioeconomic status, and creed. And most recently, it also includes listening to the stories within families, and the stories about these stories, and the ways in which each person participates in creating their own realities as well as the stories about these realities.
In short, family practitioners seek to address systems embedded in systems that are embedded still further in other systems. They seek to explore the meaning and purpose of interactions and transactions and engage in processes that support the kinds of solutions that individuals and families seek for their own lives. In Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (Corey, 2017), Gerald Corey and I used the case of Ann to illustrate the differences between what an individual practitioner and a systemic practitioner might do:
.....