Оглавление
James Ferguson. Astronomy Explained Upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles
Astronomy Explained Upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles
Table of Contents
ASTRONOMY. EXPLAINED UPON. Sir ISAAC NEWTON’s. PRINCIPLES, AND MADE EASY. TO THOSE WHO HAVE NOT STUDIED. MATHEMATICS
THE. CONTENTS
ERRATA
CHAP. I. Of Astronomy in general
CHAP. II. A brief Description of the Solar System
CHAP. III. The COPERNICAN SYSTEM demonstrated to be true
CHAP. IV. The Phenomena of the Heavens as seen from different parts of the Earth
CHAP. V. The Phenomena of the Heavens as seen from different Parts of the Solar System
CHAP. VI. The Ptolemean System refuted. The Motions and Phases of Mercury and Venus explained
CHAP. VII. The physical Causes of the Motions of the Planets. The Excentricities of their Orbits. The Times in which the Action of Gravity would bring them to the Sun. Archimedes’s ideal Problem for moving the Earth. The World not eternal
CHAP. VIII. Of Light. It’s proportional quantities on the different Planets. It’s Refractions in Water and Air. The Atmosphere; it’s weight and properties. The Horizontal Moon
CHAP. IX. The Method of finding the Distances of the Sun, Moon, and Planets
CHAP. X. The Circles of the Globe described. The different lengths of days and nights, and the vicissitudes of seasons, explained. The explanation of the Phenomena of Saturn’s Ring concluded. (See § 81 and 82.)
CHAP. XI. The Method of finding the Longitude by the Eclipses of Jupiter’s Satellites: The amazing Velocity of Light demonstrated by these Eclipses
CHAP. XII. Of Solar and Sidereal Time
CHAP. XIII. Of the Equation of Time
CHAP. XIV. Of the Precession of the Equinoxes
CHAP. XV. The Moon’s surface mountainous: Her Phases described: Her path, and the paths of Jupiter’s Moons delineated: The proportions of the Diameters of their Orbits, and those of Saturn’s Moons, to each other; and to the Diameter of the Sun
CHAP. XVI. The Phenomena of the Harvest-Moon explained by a common Globe: The years in which the Harvest-Moons are least and most beneficial from 1751, to 1861. The long duration of Moon-light at the Poles in winter
CHAP. XVII. Of the ebbing and flowing of the Sea
CHAP. XVIII. Of Eclipses: Their Number and Periods. A large Catalogue of Ancient and Modern Eclipses
CHAP. XIX. The Calculation of New and Full Moons and Eclipses. The geometrical Construction of Solar and Lunar Eclipses. The examination of antient Eclipses
To calculate the time of New and Full Moon
EXAMPLE I. To find the time of New Moon in April 1764, N. S
EXAMPLE II. To find the time of Full Moon in May 1761, N. S
EXAMPLE I. To find the time of New Moon in July 1581, O. S
To find the time of New or Full Moon in any given year and month before the Christian Æra
EXAMPLE I. To find the time of New Moon at London and Athens in March, the year before Christ 424
EXAMPLE II. To find the time of Full Moon in October, the year before Christ 4030
EXAMPLE III. To find the time of Full Moon at Babylon in March, the year before Christ 721
EXAMPLE. For the time of New Moon in April 1764
To find the Moons Horizontal Parallax, or the Angle of the Earth’s semi-diameter as seen from the Moon
To find the Sun’s true Place, and his distance from the nearest Solstice
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE. To find the Sun’s true Place April 30th, A. D. 1757, at 18 minutes 40 seconds past 10 in the morning
EXAMPLE. To find the Suns true Place May the 28th at 4 hours 3 min. 42 sec. in the afternoon, the year before Christ 585, which was a Leap year[82]
To find the Sun’s Declination
To find the Angle of the Moon’s visible Path with the Ecliptic
To find the Moon’s Latitude
EXAMPLE
To find the Moon’s true hourly Motion from the Sun
To find the Semi-diameters of the Sun and Moon as seen from the Earth at the above-mentioned time
To find the Semi-diameter of the Penumbra
EXAMPLE I. To find the distance of the Sun and Moon from the Nodes, at the time of Full Moon in March, the year before Christ 721, O. S
EXAMPLE II. To find the Suns distance from the Node at the Time of New Moon in March, the year before Christ 424, O. S
Table I. The mean time of New Moon in March, the mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean Distance from the Ascending Node; with the mean Longitude of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the Sign Aries, at the times of all the New Moons in March for 100 years, Old Style
Table II. The mean New Moons, &c. in March to the New Style
Table III. The mean time of Full Moon in March, the mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean Distance from the Ascending Node; with the mean Longitude of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the Sign Aries, at the time of all the Full Moons in March for 100 years, Old Style
Table IV. The mean Full Moons, &c. in March to the New Style
Tab. V. The first mean Conjunction of the Sun and Moon after a compleat Century, beginning with March, for 5000 years 10 days 7 hours 56 minutes (in which time there are just 61843 mean Lunations) with the mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean distance from the Ascending Node, and the mean Long. of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the sign Aries, at the times of all those mean Conjunctions
Table VI. The mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean distance from the Ascending Node, with the mean Longitude of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the Sign Aries, for 13 mean Lunations
Table VII. The number of Days, reckoned from the beginning of March, answering to the Days of all the mean New and Full Moons
Table VIII. The Moon’s annual Equation
Table IX. Equation of the Moon’s mean Anomaly
Table X. The Moon’s elliptic Equation
Table XI. The Sun’s Equation at the time of New and Full Moon
Table XII. Equation of the Sun’s mean Place
Table XIII. Equation of the Moon’s Nodes
Tab. XIV. The Moon’s latitude in Eclipses
Table XV. The Moons Horizontal Parallax; the Semidiameters and true Horary motions of the Sun and Moon
Table XVI. The Sun’s mean Motion and Anomaly
Sun’s mean Motion and Anomaly
Table XVII. The Sun’s Declination in every Degree of the Ecliptic
Table XVIII. Lunations from 1 to 100000
CHAP. XX. Of the fixed Stars
The antient Constellations
The New Southern Constellations
Hevelius’s Constellations made out of the unformed Stars
CHAP. XXI. Of the Division of Time. A perpetual Table of New Moons.The Times of the Birth and Death of Christ. A Table of remarkable Æras or Events
Required the mean time of New Moon in June, A.D. 1909, N.S
A Table shewing the times of all the mean Changes of the Moon, to the nearest Hour, through four Lunar Periods, or 76 years. M signifies morning, A afternoon
Tab. I. Shewing the Golden Number (which is the same both in the Old and New Style) from the Christian Æra to A.D. 4000
Tab. II. Shewing the Number of Direction, for finding Easter Sunday by the Golden Number and Dominical Letter
Tab. III. Shewing the Dominical Letters, Old Style, for 4200 Years before the Christian Æra
Tab. IV. Shewing the Dominical Letters, Old Style, for 4200 Years after the Christian Æra
Tab. V. The Dominical Letter, New Style, for 4000 Years after the Christian Æra
Tab. VI. Shewing the Days of the Months for both Styles by the Dominical Letters
CHAP. XXII. A Description of the Astronomical Machinery serving to explain and illustrate the foregoing part of this Treatise
PROBLEM I. To find the Amplitudes, Meridian Altitudes, and times of Rising, Culminating, and Setting, of the Sun, Moon, and Planets
PROBLEM II. To find the Altitude and Azimuth of the Sun, Moon, and Planets, at any time of their being above the Horizon
PROBLEM III. The Sun’s Altitude being given at any time either before or after Noon, to find the Hour of the Day, and the Variation of the Compass, in any known Latitude
INDEX
DIRECTIONS to the BOOKBINDER
Footnotes
