Nano-Technological Intervention in Agricultural Productivity

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Javid A. Parray. Nano-Technological Intervention in Agricultural Productivity

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Nano‐Technological Intervention in Agricultural Productivity

About the Authors

About the Book

Key features:

1 Nanotechnology and Nanoparticles. CHAPTER MENU

1.1 Nanoparticles and Their Functions

1.2 Classification of NPs

1.2.1 Carbon‐Based NPs

1.2.2 Metal Nanoparticles

1.2.3 Ceramic NPs

1.2.4 Semiconductor NPs

1.2.5 Polymeric NPs

1.2.6 NPs Based on Lipids

1.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles

1.3.1 Top‐Down Synthesis

1.3.2 Bottom‐Up Synthesis

1.4 NPs and Characterization

1.4.1 Morphological Characterization

1.4.1.1 SEM Technique

1.4.1.2 TEM Technique

1.4.2 Structural Characteristics

1.4.2.1 XRD

1.4.2.2 Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray (EDX)

1.4.2.3 XPS

1.4.2.4 FT‐IR and Raman Spectroscopies

1.4.3 Particle Size and Surface Area Characterization

1.4.4 Optical Characterizations

1.5 Physicochemical Properties of NPs

1.5.1 Mechanical and Optical Properties

1.5.2 Magnetic Properties

1.5.3 Mechanical Properties

1.5.4 Thermal Properties

1.6 Functions of NPs

1.6.1 Drugs and Medications

1.6.2 Materials and Manufacturing

1.6.3 Environment

1.6.4 Electronics

1.6.5 Energy Harvesting

References

2 Implications of Nanotechnology and Environment. CHAPTER MENU

2.1 Ecotoxicological Implications of Nanoparticles

2.1.1 Ecotoxicity of Fullerenes

2.1.2 Ecotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes

2.1.3 Ecotoxicity of Metal Nanoparticles

2.1.4 Ecotoxicity of Nanocomposites

2.1.5 Ecotoxicity of Oxide Nanoparticles

2.2 Nanotechnology and Agriculture

2.3 Risk Assessment Factors and Modulation of Nanomaterials

References

3 Nanotechnology and Disease Management. CHAPTER MENU

3.1 Recent Advancements in Plant Nanotechnology

3.1.1 Cerium Oxide (CeO2) NPs

3.1.2 Silver NPs

3.1.3 Titanium Dioxide (ToO2) NPs

3.1.4 Zinc Oxide (ZnO) NPs

3.1.5 Cupric Oxide (CuO) NPs

3.1.6 Gold NPs (GNPs)

3.1.7 Carbon Nanotubes

3.1.8 Nickel Oxide NPs

3.2 Nanotechnology: Role in Plant‐Parasitic Control

3.2.1 Nanocapsules: Liposomes and Polymers

3.2.1.1 Potential Uses in Controlling Parasitic Weeds

3.3 Abiotic Stress‐Tolerant Transgenic Crops and Nanotechnology

3.3.1 Nanotechnology in Gene Transfer Experiments

3.4 Plant Pathogens and Nanoparticle Biosynthesis

3.4.1 Bacteria‐Mediated Biosynthesis

3.4.2 Fungal Mediated Biosynthesis

3.5 Nanomaterial and Plant Protection Against Pests and Pathogens

3.6 Future Perspectives

References

4 Nanotechnology in Agri‐Food Production. CHAPTER MENU

4.1 Nanomaterials

4.2 Nanotechnology and Food Systems: Food Packing

4.3 Nano‐Nutraceuticals

4.3.1 Issues with Nano‐Nutraceuticals

4.4 Nanotechnological Advancement in Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

4.4.1 Passive Nano‐Delivery Systems

4.4.1.1 Cyclosporin A

4.4.1.2 Nisin

4.4.1.3 Polymyxin

4.4.2 Antimicrobial Peptides in Targeted Nano‐Delivery Systems

4.5 Assessment of Nanotechnology for Enhanced Food Security

4.5.1 Framework for Assessing the Potential Role of Nanotechnology in Food

4.5.2 Assessment of Nanotechnology Potential Through Literature Survey

4.6 Future Perspectives

References

5 Nanotechnology: Improvement in Agricultural Productivity. CHAPTER MENU

5.1 Nanoparticle Biosynthesis and Use in Agriculture

5.1.1 Silver Nanoparticles

5.1.2 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

5.1.3 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles

5.2 Nanorobots

5.2.1 Environment Monitoring

5.2.2 Nanorobot Sensors

5.2.3 Pollutant and Chemical Detection

5.2.4 Metal Identification

5.2.5 Nanorobot Data Transmission

5.2.6 Nanorobot System on Nanotechnology Chip

5.3 Natural Nanostructures in Food

5.3.1 Protein‐Based Nanostructures

5.3.1.1 β‐Lactoglobulin

5.3.1.2 Serum Albumin

5.3.1.3 α‐Lactalbumin and Lysozyme (Lys)

5.3.1.4 Ovalbumin and Avidin

5.3.1.5 Transferrins

5.3.1.6 Osteopontin and Osteopontin Lactoperoxidase (OPN)

5.3.2 Formation of Natural Nanostructure Subsequently to Molecular Interaction/Complexation

5.3.2.1 Lipid‐Based Nanostructures

References

6 Lignin Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Application. CHAPTER MENU

6.1 Overview of Lignin Nanoparticles

6.2 Lignin Nanoparticle Synthesis (LNPs)

6.2.1 Polymerization

6.2.2 Acid Precipitation

6.2.3 Solvent Exchange Method

6.2.4 Ultrasonication

6.2.5 Biological Method

6.3 Application of Lignin Nanoparticles (LNPs)

6.3.1 Antibacterial Activity

6.3.2 Antioxidant Activity

6.3.3 UV Absorbents

6.3.4 Hybrid Nanocomposites

6.3.5 Drug Delivery System

6.3.6 Adsorbents to Remove Dyes

6.3.7 As a Capacitor

6.3.8 As a Nano‐trap

References

7 Contemporary Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture. CHAPTER MENU

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Nanofertilizers

7.3 Nanocomposites

7.4 Nanobiosensors

7.4.1 Nanosensors in Agriculture

7.4.2 Monitoring Soil Conditions and Plant Growth Regulators

7.4.3 Plant Pathogen Recognition

7.4.4 Detection of Pesticide Residues

7.5 Nanopesticides

7.6 Natural Nanoparticles: Environmental and Health Implications. 7.6.1 Water Quality

7.6.2 Interactions with Contaminants and Other Organisms

7.6.3 Environmental Risks and Biogeochemistry of NNPs

7.6.4 Environmental Issues

7.7 Future Perspective

References

8 Nanotechnology: Advances in Plant and Microbial Science. CHAPTER MENU

8.1 Engineered Nanomaterials and Soil Remediation

8.1.1 ENMs: Role in Soil Remediation

8.1.1.1 Immobilization

8.1.1.2 Photocatalytic Degradation

8.2 Fate and Interactions of Nanomaterials in Soil

8.2.1 Nanoparticles and Plants

8.2.2 Suppressive Effects on Plants

8.2.3 Promontory Plant Effects

8.2.4 Nanoparticles and Impacts on Soil Microbes

8.2.5 Zinc and Sulfur Nanoparticles

8.2.6 Copper and Silica Nanoparticles

8.3 Nanomaterials and Metal Components: Accumulation and Translocation Within Plants

8.3.1 NPS: Uptake and Translocation in Plants

8.3.2 NPS: Root Uptake and Translocation

8.3.3 Assimilated Root Uptake and Translocation Pathways of Nanoparticles

8.3.4 NPS: Transformation in the Rhizosphere

8.4 Biotransformation of ENPs in Plants

8.5 Effect of Nanomaterials on Plants. 8.5.1 Positive Effects

8.5.2 Toxicity

References

9 Food Application and Processing: Nanotechniques and Bioactive Delivery Systems. CHAPTER MENU

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Phytochemicals and Nanoparticles

9.3 Bioactive Delivery Systems

9.3.1 Nanotechnology of Natural Products and Drug Delivery

9.3.2 Protein‐Based Nanoscale Delivery Systems

9.3.3 Polysaccharide‐Based Nanoscale Delivery Systems

9.3.4 Complex or Hybrid Nanoscale Delivery Systems

9.4 Toxicity of Biodegradable Nanoparticles

9.5 Future Perspectives

References

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WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

Отрывок из книги

Javid A. Parray

Department of Higher EducationGovernment Degree College EidgahSrinagar, India

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TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO nanoparticles have been examined in water suspensions of citrate containing low concentrations of PO4 in Gram‐positive and harmful bacteria such as B. subtilis and E. coli [44]. These effects are generally most susceptible to B. subtilis by operations produced from SiO2 to TiO2 to ZnO [6]. Magnetic nanoparticles are of great interest to researchers in many areas, including catalysis, bioengineering/biomedicine, and environmental science and technology [45]. Concerning material protection, it is essential to remember that ferrites are very suitable for biological purposes because of their low toxicity and strong magnetic characteristics [46]. In catalysis or water treatment, core/shaft metal nanoparticles or nanocomposites can be added [47]. For instance, in catalysis, nanocomposites can be quickly recovered and reused by a sequence of catalytic cycles because of the magnetic properties of NPs comprising platinum metals [40].

Zn and ZnO are phytotoxic to germination of seeds and root development following two hours in exposure to deionized water nanoparticle suspensions [48]. There were screening of five types of nanoparticles (corn and cucumber) and six plant species (radish, rape, and ryegrass). Approximately 50% inhibition of root growth was observed in nano‐Zn and nano‐ZnO at about 50 mg/l for radish and about 20 mg/l for rape and ryegrass. Reports indicate that pure alumina particles significantly reduce radical elongation in all plant species, potentially slowing plant growth. Alumina nanoparticles may be emitted into the atmosphere by exhaust systems and combined with other airborne materials. Alumina was also packed with phenanthrene, an essential element of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere that can be absorbed into a particular substance in the air. They substantially reduced their phytotoxicity without having any harmful effects on the roots of plants [1].

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