Faith Born of Seduction

Faith Born of Seduction
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How do survivors of sexual and domestic violence relate to religion and to a higher power? What are the social and religious contexts that sustain and encourage eating disorders in women? How do these issues intersect? The relationship between Christian religious discourse, incest, and eating disorders reveals an important, and so far unexamined, psychosocial phenomenon. Drawing from interviews with incest survivors whose sexual and religious backgrounds are intimately connected with their problematic relationship with food, Jennifer Manlowe here illuminates the connections between female body, weight, and appetite preoccupations.Manlowe offers social and psychological insights into the most common forms of female suffering—incest and body hatred. The volume is intended as a resource for professionals, advocates, friends of survivors, and most importantly, the survivor of incest herself as she attempts to understand the links of meaning in her mind between her incest experience and her subsequent eating disorder.

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Jennifer L Manlowe. Faith Born of Seduction

About NYU Press

FAITH BORN OF SEDUCTION

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1. Who Are We?

Definitions. Patriarchy

Paternalism

Incest

Eating Disorders

Trauma

Recovery

Sexual Abuse, Faith, and Eating Problems Matched

2. A Horror beyond Tears: Reflections on a History of Abuse

Historical Origins of Trauma

Shared Themes

Early Onset of Abuse

“In your memory, when did the abuse start?”

Broken Trust—Felt Powerlessness

“Regarding your abuse, any idea whether anyone else knew about it?”

Identity Confusion/Divided Selves

“How did you cope with these experiences during and after the abuse?”

Multiple Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Broken Narrative

Recurring Trauma “How did the abuse affect you even when it wasn’t happening in the moment?”

Isolation/Suicidality “How did you feel carrying around this secret of being abused by a trusted family member?”

Self-Injury

“Have you ever abused yourself as a result of being abused? “

Re-offended Later in Life

“Were you ever abused later in life?”

3. A Pyrrhic Victory: Contemplating the Physical Cost of Surviving. Eating Disorders and Incest

Post-Trauma Manifested along Gender Lines

Shared Traumatic Themes Manifested in Eating Disorders. Shame

Guilt

Self-Blame

Society-Blames-the- Victim

Legacy of Repression—The False Self

Damaged Goods

Powerlessness

Solitary Source of Nurture

Undesirability as Vehicle of Protection

4. Disenchanting Faith and the Female Body: Deconstructing Misogynous Themes in Christian Discourse

I. Misogynous Christian Themes. Christian Goodness

The Ultimate Crime: Religiously Licensed Sexual Abuse

Qualification

The Value of Suffering and Self-Sacrifice

Virtue of Repentance and Forgiveness

Female Worth through Purity/Virginity

Need for Redemption

Value of Obedience

II. No Redemption. The Sin of Being Embodied as Female

Origins of a Cultural Illness

When There Is No Outside: Resistance through the Body

Religion and Eating Disorders

Survivors of Violence Seek Radical Purity

5. A Thinly Veiled Skein: Exploring Troublesome Connections among Incest, Eating Disorders, and Religious Discourse

I. Shared Religious Themes. God’s Will

Prayers for Reparation

God’s Silence

Hunger as Indicator of Innate Badness

Parental Projection as God Image

Self-Blame

Crave Sense-Experience of Relief

Food Rituals Symbolic of Spiritual Quest

II. Alternative Coping Techniques. Nugget Experience

What or who facilitated your survival?

Memory of Resistance

Seeking Justice

Role of “Right-Relation”

Courage to See

6. Self-Help or Self-Harm? Analyzing the “Politics” of Twelve-Step Groups for Recovery

A Community of Peers

What’s Going On?

Goals of Rituals for Survivors

How Rituals Work

How Twelve-Step Groups Help. A Place to Share Feelings

Spiritual Strength

Social Skills and Support

Exploring Incest and a Wounded Sexuality Haddock told me the following:

How Twelve-Step Groups Hinder. Individual Disease/Individual Cure

Distrust of the Demonic Ego

Loyalty and Unity

Blames the Victim

Diet Mentality Maintained

Abuse of Power

Unsafe Open Policy

Too Much God-Talk

Paternalism Unchecked

Self-Blaming

What Can the Church Do?

Natalie sees it this way:

Politically Empowering Spirituality

Counsel to Counselors

7. Summary of Key Findings

What Do You Want the Readers to Know?

Appendix A. Sample Questionnaire (Voices)1

The God/Goddess/Higher Power Questionnaire

The “Family” Questionnaire

For Adults Sexually Abused as Children

Appendix B. Research Protocol for Interview Study: “Incest, Eating Disorders, and Religious Self-Descriptions” I General Historical Frame

II Abuse History

III Religious Self-Descriptions

Appendix C. The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous

Appendix D. Brief History of Twelve-Step Groups

Appendix E. The Feminist Steps

Appendix F. Profile of Male Perpetrators1

Type I: Sexually Preoccupied

Type 1 Subcategory: Early sexualizers

Type 2: Adolescent Regressives

Type 3: Instrumental Self-Gratifiers

Type 4: Emotionally Dependent

Type 5: Angry Retaliators

Other Findings

Profile of Female Perpetrators2

Appendix G. Incest Laws1. Criminal Prosecution

Penalties for Incest

Civil Remedies

Appendix H. Letter to Politician1

Appendix I. The Quality of Experience: A Feminist Method

The Interview

Demographics of the Women in the Study. Birthplace

Religion

Education

Employment

Class

Race

Sexual Orientation

Family Information

Offenders

Feminist Qualitative Methodology

Politics of Social Scientific Research

Method of Case Presentation

Anonymity

Nonhygienic Research

Disciplined Subjectivity

Specifics of Long-Interview Method

Self-Interview

Questionnaire

Analytic Categories

Quality Control

Notes. Notes to the Introduction

Notes to Chapter 1

Notes to Chapter 2

Notes to Chapter 3

Notes to Chapter 4

Notes to Chapter 5

Notes to Chapter 6

Notes to Chapter 7

Notes to Appendix A

Notes to Appendix D

Notes to Appendix F

Notes to Appendix G

Notes to Appendix H

Notes to Appendix I

Selected Bibliography

Index

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.....

Janine remembers the time she told her mother she was “splitting in half, I mean it . . . right down the middle.” Janine recalls her mother’s response, “Oh honey, all young kids feel that way during adolescence.” It is as if Janine’s mother knew firsthand what her daughter was talking about and yet could not validate her daughter’s experience, possibly to avoid being threatened by her own memories of abuse. Janine posits her divided self at that time, “I think at that point I was truly living a double existence. On the outside I was this friendly cheerleader-type who was always smiling and affirming everybody, and on the inside I vacillated between crying for help and wanting to die.”

One label for this dynamic is called vertical splitting.50 It is thought to be a common response among incest survivors. Currently it is well recognized as a coping mechanism by many clinicians. Dissociating serves many purposes. It provides a way out of the intolerable and psychologically incongruous situation (double-bind), it erects memory barriers (amnesia) to keep painful events and memories out of awareness, it functions as an analgesic to prevent feeling pain, it allows an escape from experiencing guilt, it may even serve as a hypnotic negation of the sense of self.51

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