Art History For Dummies

Art History For Dummies
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Ready to discover the fascinating world of art history? Let’s (Van) Gogh! Fine art might seem intimidating at first. But with the right guide, anyone can learn to appreciate and understand the stimulating and beautiful work of history’s greatest painters, sculptors, and architects. In Art History For Dummies , we’ll take you on a journey through fine art from all eras, from Cave Art to the Colosseum, and from Michelangelo to Picasso and the modern masters. Along the way, you’ll learn about how history has influenced art, and vice versa. This updated edition includes: Brand new material on a wider array of renowned female artists Explorations of the Harlem Renaissance, American Impressionism, and the Precisionists Discussions of art in the 20th and 21st centuries, including Dadaism, Constructivism, Surrealism, and today’s eclectic art scene Is there an exhibition in your town you want to see? Prep before going with Art History For Dummies and show your friends what an Art Smartie you are. An unbeatable reference for anyone looking to build a foundational understanding of art in a historical context, Art History For Dummies is your personal companion that makes fine art even finer!

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Jesse Bryant Wilder. Art History For Dummies

Art History For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Art History For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Introduction

About This Book

Foolish Assumptions

Icons Used in This Book

Beyond the Book

Where to Go from Here

Getting Started with Art History

Art Tour through the Ages

Connecting Art Divisions and Culture

It’s Ancient History, So Why Dig It Up?

Mesopotamian period (3500 BC–500 BC) and Egyptian period (3100 BC–332 BC)

Ancient Greek period (c. 850 BC–323 BC) and Hellenistic period (323 BC–32 BC)

Roman period (300 BC–AD 476)

Did the Art World Crash When Rome Fell, or Did It Just Switch Directions?

Byzantine period (AD 500–AD 1453)

Islamic period (seventh century+)

Medieval period (500–1400)

High Renaissance (1495–1520) and Mannerism (1530–1580)

Baroque period (1600–1750) and Rococo period (1715–1760s)

In the Machine Age, Where Did Art Get Its Power?

Neoclassicism (1765–1830)

Romanticism (late 1700s–early 1800s)

The Modern World and the Shattered Mirror

Responding to modern pressures

Conceptualizing the craft

Expressing mixed-up times

Why People Make Art and What It All Means

Focusing on the Artist’s Purpose

Recording religion, ritual, and mythology

Promoting politics and propaganda

When I say jump: Art made for patrons

Following a personal vision

Detecting Design

Perceiving pattern

Rolling with the rhythm

Weighing the balance

Looking for contrast

Examining emphasis

Decoding Meaning

The ABCs of visual narrative

Sorting symbols

The Major Artistic Movements

Distinguishing an Art Period from a Movement

Tracking Major 19th-Century Art Movements

Realism (1840s–1880s)

Impressionism (1869–late 1880s)

Post-Impressionism (1886–1892)

Moving Off the Rails in the 20th Century

Fauvism and Expressionism

Fauvism (1905–1908)

Expressionism (1905–1933)

Cubism, Futurism, Dada, and Surrealism

Cubism (1908–1920s)

Futurism (1909–1940s)

Dada (1916–1920)

Surrealism (1924–1940s)

Abstract Expressionism (1946–1950s)

Pop Art (1960s)

Conceptual art, performance art, and feminist art (late 1960s–1970s)

Postmodernism (1970–)

From Caves to Colosseum: Ancient Art

Magical Hunters and Psychedelic Cave Artists

TOOLS AND ART: A CRITICAL CONNECTION

FEATHERS, FUR, AND CHEWED STICKS: PREHISTORIC ART TOOLS

Cool Cave Art or Paleolithic Painting: Why Keep It a Secret?

Hunting on a wall

Psychedelic shamans with paintbrushes

Flirting with Fertility Goddesses

Dominoes for Druids: Stonehenge, Menhirs, and Neolithic Architecture

Living in the New Stone Age: Çatalhöyük, Göbekli Tepe, and Skara Brae

Cracking the mystery of the megaliths and menhirs

Describing a megalith

Singling out Stonehenge

Fickle Gods, Warrior Art, and the Birth of Writing: Mesopotamian Art

CIVILIZED LORDS OR BLACK-HEADED PEOPLE?

Climbing toward the Clouds: Sumerian Architecture

Zigzagging to Heaven: Ziggurats

The Tower of Babel

The Eyes Have It: Scoping Out Sumerian Sculpture

Worshipping graven images

Stare-down with God: Statuettes from Abu Temple

Playing Puabi’s Lyre

Unraveling the Standard of Ur

Stalking Stone Warriors: Akkadian Art

Stamped in Stone: Hammurabi’s Code

Unlocking Assyrian Art

Babylon Has a Baby: New Babylon

One Foot in the Tomb: Ancient Egyptian Art

MUMMIES, MEDICINE, AND MAGIC

Ancient Egypt 101

Segmenting the Egyptian periods

MUMMIFICATION

Thanking the Nile

The Art of a Unified Egypt

Depicting the unification

Noting art as history in the Palette of Narmer

The Egyptian Style: Proportion and Orientation

Excavating Old Kingdom Architecture

Early mastabas and step pyramids

Turning to stone

Making the architecture great

Spending life preparing for death

THE ROSETTA STONE

The In-Between Period and Middle Kingdom Realism

New Kingdom Art

Hatshepsut: A female phenom

Akhenaten and Egyptian family values

Raiding King Tut’s tomb treasures

MUMMY SLAVES

Admiring the world’s most beautiful dead woman’s tomb

Decoding Books of the Dead

Too-big-to-forget sculpture

Greek Art, the Olympian Ego, and the Inventors of the Modern World

Mingling with the Minoans: Snake Goddesses, Minotaurs, and Bull Jumpers

Greek Sculpture: Stark Symmetry to a Delicate Balance

Kouros to Kritios Boy

The Archaic period

The Classical period

Golden Age sculptors: Myron, Polykleitos, and Phidias

Creating balance and proportion

Sculpting art that is glorious and timeless

Fourth-century sculpture

Figuring Out Greek Vase Painting

Cool stick figures: The geometric style

Black-figure and red-figure techniques

MEDEA GETS AWAY

Rummaging through Ruins: Greek Architecture

Greece without Borders: Hellenism

Sculpting passion and struggle

Honoring the classical in a new world

Etruscan and Roman Art: It’s All Greek to Me!

The Mysterious Etruscans

Temple to tomb: Greek influence

Smiles in stone: The eternally happy Etruscans

Infusing Art with Roman Influence

STRIVING TOWARD REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

Linking the territory that was Rome

Art as mirror: Roman realism and Republican sculptural portraits

ROOTS OF REALISM: A FAMILY AFFAIR

Progressing on to propaganda

Shirking idealism for authenticity

Realism in painting

Roman mosaics

Revealing Roman Architecture: A Marriage of Style and Engineering

Temple of Portunus

Maison Carrée

Roman aqueducts

The Colosseum

IS THE ROMAN ARCH ROMAN?

The Pantheon

ROME’S FALL

Art after the Fall of Rome: AD 500–AD 1760

The Graven Image: Early Christian, Byzantine, and Islamic Art

The Rise and Fall of Constantinople

Christianizing Rome

After the fall: Divisions and schisms

Early Christian Art in the West

Rejecting paganism

Drawing on Roman art and culture

Byzantine Art Meets Imperial Splendor

Justinian and Early Byzantine architecture

Fighting fire to build the Hagia Sophia

Marrying round and square

Amazing mosaics: Puzzle art

San Vitale: Justinian and Theodora mosaics

Deceptively simple architectural design

Stunning mosaic art

Mosaic tributes to Justinian and Theodora

JUSTINIAN AND THEODORA AS ONE

The mosaics of St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice, Italy (Middle Byzantine)

Modeling design from other structures

The Old and New Testaments on display

Icons and iconoclasm

Characteristics of icons

The formulas governing icon symbolism

Icon art style: Long-lived but somewhat pliable

Islamic Art: Architectural Pathways to God

INCEPTION AND SPREAD OF ISLAM

The Mosque of Córdoba

The dazzling Alhambra

A temple of love: The Taj Mahal

Mystics, Marauders, and Manuscripts: Medieval Art

Irish Light: Illuminated Manuscripts

A unique Christian mission

Browsing the Book of Kells, Lindisfarne Gospels, and other manuscripts

Assessing the strictly Irish illuminated manuscripts

Merging mirth and beliefs

BOOK CURSES

Drolleries and the fun style

Charlemagne: King of His Own Renaissance

Weaving and Unweaving the Battle of Hastings: The Bayeux Tapestry

Providing a battle blueprint

Portraying everyday life in medieval England and France

Peddling political propaganda

Making border crossings

ARCHBISHOP WHO?

Romanesque Architecture: Churches That Squat

St. Sernin

Durham Cathedral

Romanesque Sculpture

Nightmares in stone: Romanesque relief

Roman sculpture revival

Relics and Reliquaries: Miraculous Leftovers

CRUSADES: A MIDDLE AGES MIDLIFE CRISIS

THE GREAT WAVE OF ARABIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN CULTURE

Gothic Grandeur: Churches That Soar

Building a church-and-state alliance

Bigger and brighter

Making something new from old parts

Finishing touches and voilà!

Expanding the Gothic dream

Stained-Glass Storytelling

Gothic Sculpture

Italian Gothic

Gothic Painting: Cimabue, Duccio, and Giotto

Cimabue

Duccio

CENNINO CENNINI’S CRAFTSMAN’S HANDBOOK

Giotto

Tracking the Lady and the Unicorn: The Mystical Tapestries of Cluny

Themes of love and desire?

Themes with religious connotation?

The questions remain

Born-Again Culture: The Early and High Renaissance

The Early Renaissance in Central Italy

The Great Door Contest: Brunelleschi versus Ghiberti — And the winner is!

Celebrating the door-contest winner

Admiring the achievements of the losers

The Duomo of Florence

Vanishing points and perspective

Masaccio: Out of the fish’s mouth

Andrea del Castagno: Another Last Supper

Fra Angelico: He’s not a liqueur!

Filippo Lippi: The wayward monk

Sandro Botticelli: A garden-variety Venus

A no-pasta primavera

Interpreting the story depicted

Donatello: Putting statues back on their feet

Breathing life into church niches

Reinstating the standing nude

The High Renaissance

Reviving self-respect

Elevating humanity in art

Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance man

Leonardo’s techniques

Aerial perspective

Sfumato

Chiaroscuro

Leonardo’s greatest works

Behind Lady Lisa’s smile

Decoding The Last Supper

Leonardo’s supper scene versus others’

Michelangelo: The main man

DID LEONARDO DA VINCI CODE HIS PAINTING?

Michelangelo’s technique

Michelangelo’s style

Michelangelo’s greatest works

The Pietà

David

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Raphael: The prince of painters

Raphael’s techniques

Raphael’s greatest work

Lessons from The School of Athens

Venetian Renaissance, Late Gothic, and the Renaissance in the North

A Gondola Ride through the Venetian Renaissance

First stop, Bellini

SANDING, GRINDING, AND PAINTING

Switching to oil for endless color choices

Glittering effects and wavy lines tell the story

A shortcut to Mantegna and Giorgione

Mantegna’s focus on creating depth

Giorgione’s soft and natural style

Dürer’s Venice vacations

Touring the 16th century with Titian

A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN A FLORENCE GALLERY

The Venice of Veronese

From reformations

to stamping out heretical art

to crafting a compromise

Tintoretto and Renaissance ego

La Tintoretta: Marietta Robusti

A tale of devotion and tragedy

STEALING THE CEILING

Uncertain attributions

Palladio: The king of classicism

Late Gothic: Northern Naturalism

Jan van Eyck: The Late Gothic ace

Rogier van der Weyden: Front and center

VALID QUESTIONS ABOUT THE WEDDING SCENE

Northern Exposure: The Renaissance in the Netherlands and Germany

Decoding Bosch

The landscape

The wildlife

The food supply

The eternal pain

Deciphering the dark symbolism of Grünewald

Depicting the Passion

Exposing vicious demons

Dining with Bruegel the Elder

Arousing moods and seasons

Taking on the dark side

Art That’ll Stretch Your Neck: Mannerism

Detecting the Non-Rules of Mannerism

Pontormo: Front and Center

Bronzino’s Background Symbols and Scene Layering

Parmigianino: He’s Not a Cheese!

Contrasting proportions and balance

A surreal feel

Arcimboldo: À la Carte Art

Sofonisba Anguissola (1532–1625): Invading Art History’s Guys’ Club

Finding a place in the Spanish court

Rubbing elbows with the court painters

El Greco: Stretched to the Limit

Evolving a unique Mannerist style

Drawing inspiration from mysticism

How unappreciated was El Greco?

Lavinia Fontana: The First Professional Female Painter

Applying a rich education and broad network

Supplying the missing female storyline

Endowing Jesus with more humanity

Finding Your Footing in Giulio Romano’s Palazzo Te

Architectural surprises outside

An inside to die for

MICHELANGELO LEARNS TO BE MANNERED

When the Renaissance Went Baroque

Baroque Origin, Purpose, and Style

Annibale Carracci: Heavenly Ceilings

Shedding Light on the Subject: Caravaggio and His Followers

Elements of Caravaggio style

CARAVAGGIO: ON THE RUN AGAIN

Caravaggio style applied

Orazio Gentileschi: Baroque’s gentle side, more or less

Shadow and light dramas: Artemisia Gentileschi

Artemisia’s personal influence on art

Artemisia and dad depicting Greek myth

Elisabetta Sirani and an Art School for Women

Sirani’s notable career

Portraying brave and capable women

The Ecstasy and the Ecstasy: Bernini Sculpture

Embracing Baroque Architecture

Maderno and the launch of Baroque architecture

Bernini: Transforming St. Peter’s Basilica

Baroque style migrates northward

Fischer: Harmonizing Baroque style

Dutch and Flemish Realism

Rubens: Fleshy, flashy, and holy

Rembrandt: Self-portraits and life in the shadows

Laughing with Hals

Bold Strokes: Judith Leyster

Discovering fraudulent attribution

Beaming self-portraiture

Depicting and living with hardship

Vermeer: Musicians, maids, and girls with pearls

French Flourish and Baroque Light Shows

Poussin the Perfect

Candlelit reverie and Georges de La Tour

Versailles: Architecture as propaganda and the Sun King

In the Limelight with Caravaggio: The Spanish Golden Age

Ribera and Zurbarán: In the shadow of Caravaggio

Velázquez: Kings and princesses

Going Loco with Rococo

What You Get in Rococo Art

ELABORATE DÉCOR AND LIBERAL IDEAS

Breaking with Baroque: Antoine Watteau

Fragonard and Boucher: Lush, Lusty, and Lavish

François Boucher

Jean-Honoré Fragonard

Flying High: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

Rococo Lite: The Movement in England

William Hogarth

Thomas Gainsborough

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Founding the Royal Academy of Art

Incorporating foreign elements in portraits

The Industrial Revolution Revs Up Art’s Evolution: 1760–1900

All Roads Lead Back to Rome and Greece: Neoclassical Art

When Philosophers and Artists Join Forces

The promotion of reason

Enlightened views and political progress

Angelica Kauffman: The Queen of Neoclassicism

Focusing on women and brother- or sisterhood

THE BESTSELLER OF THE CENTURY

Not everyone loved the depictions

Jacques-Louis David: The King of Neoclassicism

Grand, formal, and retro

Propagandist for all sides

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres: The Prince of Neoclassical Portraiture

Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun: Portraitist of the Queen and Fashion Setter

Illustrating fashion trends

Fleeing for her life

Adélaïde Labille-Guiard: From Ideal to Real and Royals to Revolutionaries

Starting with socially acceptable miniatures

Graduating to sizeable self-portraiture

Working with the Revolutionaries

Canova and Houdon: Greek Grace and Neoclassical Sculpture

Antonio Canova: Ace 18th-century sculptor

Jean-Antoine Houdon: In living stone

Romanticism: Reaching Within and Acting Out

Kissing Isn’t Romantic, but Having a Heart Is

Romancing independence

Romancing spirituality

Romancing the wild

Far Out with William Blake and Henry Fuseli: Personal Mythologies

Unifying body and soul

Drawing on imagination

Inside Out: Caspar David Friedrich

The Revolutionary French Romantics: Gericault and Delacroix

Théodore Gericault

Portraying a tragic shipwreck

Not everyone loved the message

Eugène Delacroix

Depicting liberty in art

Action, color, and high energy catch the mood

THE FRENCH FLAGS

Francisco Goya and the Grotesque

Making political statements with extreme images

Remembering the Spanish resistance

J. M. W. Turner Sets the Skies on Fire

What You See Is What You Get: Realism

Rebels with a Cause

REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

Courbet and Daumier: Painting Peasants and Urban Blight

Gustave Courbet

OFFICIAL ART

EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNISM: THE PARIS COMMUNE

Honoré Daumier: Guts and grit

The Barbizon School and the Great Outdoors

Jean-François Millet: The noble peasants

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot: From naked truth to dressed-up reality

Rosa Bonheur: From a Horse Fair to Buffalo Bill

Portraying the Paris horse fair

Gaining world-wide renown

Keeping It Real in America

Along came Thomas Cole

Shunning civilization’s encroachment

Contrasting progress and nature

Westward ho! with Albert Bierstadt

LET THERE BE LIGHT: THE HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL

George Catlin, painter of western Indian tribes

Edmonia Lewis

Navigating sun, storm, and sea with Winslow Homer

Boating through America with Thomas Eakins

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: Medieval Visions and Painting Literature

Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Leader of the Pre-Raphaelites

Marie Spartali Stillman: From model to artist

THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT: ADDING FORM TO FUNCTION

John Everett Millais and soft-spoken symbolism

The Ten: America’s First Art Movement

Celebrating the leisure class

Creating art for art’s sake

Ashcan Artists: Capturing the Grit of Urban Life

Presenting the urban underbelly

Illustrating the rough life

First Impressions: Impressionism

M & M: Manet and Monet

PAINTING PLAYFULLY EN PLEIN AIR

Édouard Manet: Breaking the rules

Innovating with painting techniques

Innovating the subject matter

Claude Monet: From patches to flecks

Capturing color and light

Finding the freedom to prosper

Pretty Women and Painted Ladies: Renoir and Degas

Impressionists and the movement’s midlife crisis

Pretty as a picture: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Dabbling in dappled light

Impressionism’s midlife crisis: It may have hit Renoir hardest

The dancers of Edgar Degas

Planning the snapshots

Changing style via the midlife crisis

Cassatt, Morisot, and Other Female Impressionists

Mary Cassatt

Berthe Morisot

Eva Gonzalès

American Impressionism

William Merritt Chase: An Impressionist with Realist ties

Frieseke in the Giverny American Art Colony

Jane Peterson

Making Their Own Impression: The Post-Impressionists

You’ve Got a Point: Pointillism, Georges-Pierre Seurat and Paul Signac

Observing the science of color

Applying the science of color

Red-Light Art: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Tracking the “Noble Savage”: Paul Gauguin

Brittany paintings

Tahiti paintings

Gauguin’s influence

Painting Energy: Vincent van Gogh

Trading the ministry for art

Expanding artistic energy

Painting while confined

Love Cast in Stone: Rodin and Claudel

Auguste Rodin

Hard times for The Thinker

Eternal yearning with The Kiss

Camille Claudel

The Mask behind the Face: James Ensor

The Hills Are Alive with Geometry: Paul Cézanne

Art Nouveau: Curves, Swirls, and Asymmetry

Art Nouveau: Not a painting style

Making functionality pretty

Fairy-Tale Fancies and the Sandcastle Cathedral of Barcelona: Antoni Gaudí

Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Art

From Fauvism to Expressionism

Fauvism: Colors Fighting like Animals

Henri Matisse

André Derain

Maurice de Vlaminck

FRIENDLY VERSUS FIGHTING COLORS

German Expressionism: Form Based on Feeling

Die Brücke and World War I

Developing Die Brücke style

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

Erich Heckel

Käthe Kollwitz

Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky: Symphonies of color

Gabriele Münter: Painting “extracts”

Franz Marc: Horses that harmonize with the landscape

Austrian Expressionism: From Dream to Nightmare

Gustav Klimt and his languorous ladies

Egon Schiele: Turning the self inside out

Oskar Kokoschka: Dark dreams and interior storms

Cubist Puzzles and Finding the Fast Lane with the Futurists

Cubism: All Views At Once

Pablo Picasso

Analytic Cubism: Breaking things apart

Synthetic Cubism: Gluing things together

Fernand Léger: Cubism for the commoner

Futurism: Art That Broke the Speed Limit

Umberto Boccioni

Gino Severini

Precisionism: Geometry as Art

The Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age

Nonobjective Art: Dada, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism

Suprematism: Kazimir Malevich’s Reinvention of Space

The path to Suprematism

Reinventing the world in shape and color

Constructivism: Showing Off Your Skeleton

USEFUL OR BEAUTIFUL CAN ART BE BOTH?

Tatlin’s Tower

A dance between time and space: Naum Gabo

Piet Mondrian and the De Stijl Movement

Dada Turns the World on Its Head

Dada, the ground floor, and Cabaret Voltaire

Dada: Influencee and influencer

Marcel Duchamp: Nudes, urinals, and hat racks

Readymade art punks

A tamer New York Dada

Hans (Jean) Arp: In and out of Dadaland

Surrealism and Disjointed Dreams

Max Ernst and his alter ego, Loplop

Salvador Dalí: Melting clocks, dreamscapes, and ants

René Magritte: Help, my head’s on backwards!

Dissecting Frida Kahlo

Painting chronicles of life

Kahlo’s conflicting personas

Joan Miro

Saving and salvaging art

Finding patterns in the images

My House Is a Machine: Modernist Architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright: Bringing the outside in

The organic home

Inviting the outdoors in

Bauhaus boxes: Walter Gropius

Combining disciplines at Bauhaus

Sowing Bauhaus seeds abroad

Le Corbusier: Machines for living and Notre-Dame du Haut

Abstract Expressionism: Fireworks on Canvas

Arshile Gorky

Jackson Pollock: Flick, fling, drip, splash, swirl — action painting

Painting as therapy

Painting large and in charge

Lee Krasner: Almost patterns

Willem de Kooning

Anything-Goes Art: Fab Fifties and Psychedelic Sixties

Artsy Cartoons: Pop Art

The many faces of Andy Warhol

Blam! Comic books on canvas: Roy Lichtenstein

Fantastic Realism

Ernst Fuchs: The father of the Fantastic Realists

Hundertwasser: Organic architecture and art

Louise Nevelson: Picking up the Trash and Assemblage

Louise Bourgeois: Sexualized sculpture

Less-Is-More Art: Rothko, Newman, Stella, Frankenthaler, and Others

Color Fields of dreams: Rothko and Newman

Helen Frankenthaler

Minimalism, more or less

Photorealism

Richard Estes: Always in focus

Clinical close-ups: Chuck Close

Helen Hardin: Native American Futurism

Performance Art and Installations

Fluxus: Intersections of the arts

Joseph Beuys: Fanning out from Fluxus

Carolee Schneemann: Body art and breaking taboos

THE GOLDEN AGE OF AMERICAN ENAMELING

Photography: From Science to Art

The Birth of Photography

Transitioning from Science to Art

An early attempt to “artify” photography

Focusing on documentary photography

Alfred Stieglitz: Reliving the Moment

Recognition for photography as high art

Picturesque pictures

Henri Cartier-Bresson’s uncanny eye

From painting to photography

Stealth and the “Decisive Moment”

Group f/64: Edward Weston, Imogen Cunningham, and Ansel Adams

Dorothea Lange: Depression to Dust Bowl

Margaret Bourke-White: From Industrial Beauty to Political Statements

Photographing for Fortune

Photographing for Life

SPINNING WITH GANDHI

Fast-Forward: The Next Generation

The New World: Postmodern Art

From Modern Pyramids to Titanium Twists: Postmodern Architecture

Viva Las Vegas!

Chestnut Hill: Case in point

Philip Johnson and urban furniture

The prismatic architecture of I. M. Pei

Deconstructivist architecture of Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, and Zaha Hadid

Peter Eisenman (b. 1932)

Frank Gehry (b. 1929)

Zaha Hadid (1950–2016)

Making It or Faking It? Postmodern Photography and Painting

Cindy Sherman: Morphing herself

Gerhard Richter: Reading between the layers

Installation Art and Earth Art

Judy Chicago: A dinner table you can’t sit at

It’s a wrap: Christo and Jeanne-Claude

Robert Smithson and earth art: Can you dig it?

Glow-in-the-Dark Bunnies and Living, Genetic Art

The Part of Tens

Ten Must-See Art Museums

The Louvre (Paris)

The Uffizi (Florence)

The Vatican Museums (Rome)

The National Gallery (London)

The Metropolitan Museum of Art (NYC)

The Prado (Madrid)

The National Gallery of Art (D.C.)

The Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam)

British Museum (London)

The Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna)

Ten Great Books by Ten Great Artists

On Painting, by Leonardo da Vinci

Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, by Giorgio Vasari

Complete Poems and Selected Letters of Michelangelo

The Journal of Eugène Delacroix

Van Gogh’s Letters

Rodin on Art, by Paul Gsell

Der Blaue Reiter Almanac, edited by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc

Concerning the Spiritual in Art, by Wassily Kandinsky

The Diary of Frida Kahlo: An Intimate Self-Portrait

Hundertwasser Architecture: For a More Human Architecture in Harmony with Nature, by Friedensreich Hundertwasser

And Others

Index. A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

About the Author

Dedication

Author’s Acknowledgments

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

Отрывок из книги

My goal in writing Art History For Dummies, 2E was to make it as useful, fun to read, and handy as a good travel guide. This book covers a lot of art history, but not everything. I focus on the Western art tradition and cover some art and art movements that other art history books neglect.

Most art history books these days weigh in at about 20 pounds. I made this book leaner so you could stick it in your backpack and carry it to class without feeling weighted down, or so you can take it on a long trip as a guidebook or carry it around a museum as a ready resource.

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In about 2334 BC, a powerful king finally united Mesopotamia. But he wasn’t Sumerian. Sargon I, an Akkadian king from an area north of Sumer, conquered Mesopotamia, northern Syria, and possibly part of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), creating one of the first empires. Now the devout Sumerians had a new kind of leader who put politics before religion and introduced some changes:

An example of Sargon’s new art is the head of an Akkadian ruler from Nineveh. The king is depicted as a godlike but secular ruler (not a shepherd of the people). He appears calm but with a seething battle-ready energy behind his imposing features. The style is similar to Sumerian sculpture. The artist coifed the beard like those of the statuettes of Abu Temple, but the modeling of the face is much more realistic and brilliantly executed, especially the superb contours of the lips and slightly hooked nose.

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