Managing in a Complex World

Managing in a Complex World
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Organisationale Wertschöpfung wird zunehmend komplexer. Das St. Galler Management-Modell präsentiert dafür zwei Perspektiven: Die Aufgabenperspektive erörtert die Gestaltungsfelder einer integrativen Management-Praxis im Zusammenspiel von Umwelt, Organisation und Management. Die Praxisperspektive beleuchtet die Voraussetzungen einer wirksamen und verantwortungsbewussten Management-Praxis.

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Johannes Rüegg-Stürm. Managing in a Complex World

Managing in a Complex World

Preface

Acknowledgments

How best to approach this book

INTRODUCTION. 1 Why is a detailed examination of management more important than ever?

2 Organizational Value Creation: The Key Reference Point of Management. 2.1 Value Creation as Outcome and Process

2.2 Value Creation as Organizational Achievement

2.3 Primary and Supplementary Value Creation

2.4 Value Creation in Environment-Organization Interaction

2.5 Types of Organizations

2.6 Organizational Value Creation as Management Focus

3 The St. Gallen Management Model (SGMM) 3.1 What are Models for?

3.2 What does the SGMM achieve?

3.3 Overview of the SGMM

3.4 The Development of the SGMM

3.5 Environment, Organization, and Management: A Systems-Oriented View. 3.5.1 What is a System?

3.5.2 The Importance of Context

3.5.3 The Importance of Interdependencies

3.5.4 Consequences for the Understanding of Management

THE TASK PERSPECTIVE. Overview

1 Environmental Spheres

1.1 Economy

1.2 Technology

1.3 Nature

1.4 Society

1.5 Relationships between Dynamic Environmental Spheres

2 Stakeholders

2.1 Individuals, Communities, and Organizations

2.2 Stakeholder Concepts

2.3 Interrelations between Different Stakeholder Concepts

3 Interaction Issues

3.1 Concerns and Interests

3.2 Norms and Values

3.3 Resources

3.4 The Importance of Interaction Issues for Normative and Strategic Orientation

4 Processes

4.1 The Growing Importance of Process-Oriented Design Work

4.2 Process-Oriented Design Concepts

4.3 Process Categories

4.3.1 Management Processes

4.3.2 Business Processes and Business Model

4.3.3 Support Processes

4.3.4 Financial Management Processes

4.4 Process Development

5 Structuring Forces

5.1 Governance

5.2 Strategy. 5.2.1 Understanding Strategy

5.2.2 Important Aspects of Strategy Definition

5.2.3 Strategic Design Fields

5.2.4 Strategy Work: Outside-In and Inside-Out Perspectives

5.3 Structure. 5.3.1 Understanding Structure

5.3.2 Differentiation and Integration

5.3.3 Visualizing Configuration: Organizational Charts

5.3.4 Functional Structure

5.3.5 Divisional Structure

5.3.6 Matrix Structure

5.3.7 Formal and Informal Organization

5.4 Culture. 5.4.1 Understanding Culture

5.4.2 Organizational Culture: A Manifold Implicit Structuring Force

5.4.3 Subcultures

5.4.4 Designability of Organizational Culture

6 Development Modes

6.1 Optimization and Renewal

6.2 Effectiveness and Efficiency as Development Focus

6.3 Organizational Change: Content and Relationship Dimensions

6.4 Impact Intensity of Organizational Change

Task Perspective: Core Statements

TRANSITION TO THE PRACTICE PERSPECTIVE. INCREASING COMPLEXITY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS. 1 Organization and Management: A Complexity-Appropriate Approach

2 Increasing Complexity and Experiencing Contingency. 2.1 Hallmarks of Management Work: Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity

2.2 The Enlightenment: Driver of Innovation and Change

2.2.1 The Rise of Stabilizing Institutions

2.2.2 Innovation Dynamics as Driver of Progress

2.3 The Multi-Option Society: A Challenge for Management Practice

2.4 Consequences of Increasing Complexity for Value Creation

3 Practice Perspective: Scientific Foundations

3.1 Practice Theory

Practices as bundles of actions

Interplay of activities, artifacts, and language

Practices as collective action patterns

Practices become effective in configurations of practices

“Agency” of practices

Practices as routinized action patterns

Inherent normativity of practices

Power dimension of practices

Summary

3.2 Autopoietic Social Systems Theory

Causalities are enacted communicatively

Social systems are formed by meaning-constituting communications

Organizations as communication systems

Distributed attribution processes of causes and effects

Social efficacy requires communication

Communication systems proceed via their own logic

Communication success is improbable

Organizations as decision-making systems

Decisions take effect through communicative references

Reflection as communicative self-observation

Summary

3.3 Common Features of Practice Theory and Autopoietic Social Systems Theory

Agency

Process-oriented view of organization and management

Embeddedness

Multi-causality and loose causal relationships

Contingency and creativity

“Sensemaking” as a core activity

Dynamic stabilization

Organizing as enactment

THE PRACTICE PERSPECTIVE. Overview

1 Value Creation

1.1 Differentiation. Functional differentiation as the formation of subsystems

Organizational differentiation: Forms and prerequisites

External and internal differentiation

Twofold environmental reference of subsystems

System boundaries as selective attention filters

Overcoming complexity through system boundaries

Differentiation requires integration efforts

Internal complexity reflects environmental complexity

1.2 Resource Configuration

1.3 Value Creation Processes

Value creation processes as the interplay of routinized practices

Process quality of value creation processes

Practices for developing value creation processes

1.4 Decision-Making Practice

1.4.1 Decisions as Heavily Preconditioned Communication Processes

Particularities of organizational decisions

Preconditions for effective organizational decisions

1.4.2 Decision-Making Necessities

Agenda setting

Communication platforms

1.4.3 Processing Forms

Processing topics on relevant communication platforms

Communication practices for processing topics

Mobilizing a processing form

1.4.4 Decision-Making Capacity

1.5 Relationship Culture

2 Orientation Framework

2.1 Operational Orientation

2.2 Strategic Orientation

2.3 Normative Orientation

3 Environment

3.1 Environmental Spheres

3.2 Stakeholders

3.3 Conditions for Existence

3.3.1 Possibilities

3.3.2 Expectations

Stakeholder expectations

3.3.3 Resources

4 Management Practice

4.1 The SGMM’s Understanding of Management

Management as a reflective function

Management promotes contingency awareness

Management and organizing

Management and its paradoxical position: Simultaneously “outside” and “inside” an organization

Management as a collaborative design practice

Management and leadership

Management and profession-related leadership

Management as reflective design practice

4.2 Manager Communities

4.3 Design Platforms. Temporal and spatial arrangements of communication

Macro-structuring communication

Functions and impact requirements of design platforms

4.4 Design Practices. Micro-structuring communication

Communicative impact dimensions of reflective design practices

Practices for collective self-observation

Practices for creating new opportunities

Practices for scaling successful experiments

4.5 Language of Reflection. Reflectively addressing management

The SGMM as a language of reflection

Collaboratively and communicatively sharpening the understanding of management

4.6 Key Manifestations of Management Practice

Corporate governance

Executive management

Practice Perspective: Core Statements

EPILOGUE. The double paradox of management

Design options for management practice

The future needs the past

INDEXES

List of figures

References

Subject index

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A cooperation of following publishers

Böhlau Verlag · Wien · Köln · Weimar

.....

Ferdinand Schöningh · Paderborn

Eugen Ulmer Verlag · Stuttgart

.....

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