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John Ayrton Paris. Pharmacologia
Pharmacologia
Table of Contents
PREFACE
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
SUPERSTITION
CREDULITY
SCEPTICISM
FALSE THEORIES, AND ABSURD CONCEITS
DEVOTION TO AUTHORITY, AND ESTABLISHED ROUTINE
THE ASSIGNING TO ART THAT WHICH WAS THE EFFECT OF UNASSISTED NATURE, OR THE CONSEQUENCE OF INCIDENTAL CHANGES OF HABIT, DIET, &c
AMBIGUITY OF NOMENCLATURE
THE PROGRESS OF BOTANICAL SCIENCE
THE APPLICATION AND MISAPPLICATION OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE
THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL, CULTURE, CLIMATE, AND SEASON
THE IGNORANT PREPARATION AND FRAUDULENT ADULTERATION OF MEDICINES
THE UNSEASONABLE COLLECTION OF VEGETABLE REMEDIES
THE OBSCURITY WHICH HAS ATTENDED THE OPERATION OF COMPOUND MEDICINES
PHARMACOLOGIA. ON THE. OPERATIONS OF MEDICINAL BODIES, AND ON THE. CLASSIFICATIONS FOUNDED ON THEM
CULLEN’S ARRANGEMENT OF THE MATERIA MEDICA
CLASSIFICATION OF THE MATERIA MEDICA. BY Dr. YOUNG
CLASSIFICATION OF REMEDIES BY Dr. MURRAY
1. GENERAL STIMULANTS
NARCOTICS
ANTISPASMODICS
TONICS
AROMATICS
ASTRINGENTS
LOCAL STIMULANTS
EMETICS
CATHARTICS:
EMMENAGOGUES:
DIURETICS:
DIURETICS,
1. By diminishing arterial action, and increasing that of Absorption
C. 1. Of Medicines which act Primarily on the Urinary Organs
C. II. Medicines which act Primarily on the Absorbents, and Secondarily on the Kidneys
C. III. Medicines which act Primarily on the Stomach or System, and Secondarily on the Urinary Organs
1. By diminishing Arterial Action, and increasing that of Absorption
2. By increasing the tone of the Body in general, and that of the Absorbent System in particular
3. By producing Catharsis, and thereby increasing the action of the Exhalants directly, and that of the absorbents indirectly
DIAPHORETICS
DIAPHORETICS
EXPECTORANTS
A CLASSIFICATION OF EXPECTORANTS,
I. Of Medicines which increase Pulmonary Exhalation. a.By removing constriction of the Pulmonary Exhalant vessels
b.By stimulating the Pulmonary Exhalants, by the actual contact of a medicinal substance
c.By stimulating the top of the trachea, and thereby increasing the activity of the Exhalant vessels of the lungs, by a species of contiguous sympathy
II. Of Medicines which diminish the inordinate flow of fluid into the lungs. a.By removing the debility of the Exhalants
b.By increasing the power of the Absorbents
c.By determining to the skin by a gentle diaphoresis
d.By exciting serous discharges from the bowels
III. Of Medicines which operate mechanically. a.By imparting vigour to the respiratory muscles, engaged in the act of expectorating
b.By compressing the thoracic viscera, through the operation of an emetic
SIALOGOGUES;
ERRHINES, or STERNUTATORIES:
EPISPASTICS. Vesicatories.Blisters
ISSUES (Fonticuli) and Setons (Setacea[176])
III. OF CHEMICAL REMEDIES
REFRIGERANTS
ANTACIDS:
ANTILITHICS and LITHONTHRYPTICS
ANTIDOTES
2. The Decomposition of any remaining Portion, and the adoption of measures best calculated to obviate its absorption
3. To anticipate the occurrence of the Consecutive Phœnomena, and to combat them by appropriate treatment
ESCHAROTICS:[232]
IV. OF MECHANICAL REMEDIES
ANTHELMINTICS:
DEMULCENTS:
DILUENTS:
EMOLLIENTS:
ON THE. THEORY AND ART. OF. PRESCRIBING
OF MEDICINAL COMBINATION
AN ANALYSIS. OF. THE OBJECTS TO BE OBTAINED BY MIXING AND COMBINING MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES
I. TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS, OR PRINCIPAL MEDICINE. A.—By combining together several different Forms, or Preparations, of the same substance
B.—By combining the Basis with Substances which are of the SAME NATURE, that is, which are INDIVIDUALLY capable of producing the same effect, but with less energy than when in combination with each other
C.—By combining the Basis with Substances of a DIFFERENT NATURE, and which do not exert any Chemical influence upon it, but are found, by experience, to be capable of rendering the Stomach, or System, or any particular organ, more susceptible of its action
II. TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS, BY OBVIATING ANY UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT BE LIKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD PERVERT ITS INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT THE OBJECTS OF ITS EXHIBITION. A. By Mechanically separating, or Chemically neutralizing, the offending Ingredient
B. By adding some substance capable of guarding the stomach, or system, against its deleterious effects
III. TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO OR MORE MEDICINES. A. By uniting those substances which are calculated to produce the SAME ULTIMATE RESULTS, although by totally different modes of operation
B. By combining Medicines which have entirely different powers, and which are required to obviate different symptoms, or to answer different indications
IV. TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY NOT AFFORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE. A. By combining medicines which excite different actions in the Stomach and System, in consequence of which New, or modified results, are produced
B. By combining Substances which have the property of acting chemically upon each other; the result of which is the formation of new Compounds, or the decomposition of the original Ingredients, and the developement of their more active Elements. A. The Formation of New Compounds
B. The Developement of Active Elements
C. By combining substances, between which no other chemical change is induced, than a diminution, or an increase, in the Solubilities of the principles, which are the repositories of their medicinal virtues
V. TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM. A. By which the efficacy of the remedy is enhanced
B. By which its aspect or flavour is rendered more agreeable
C. By which it is PRESERVED from the spontaneous decomposition to which it is liable
Compound Medicines have been divided into two Classes, viz. I. Officinal Preparations,
II. Magistral or Extemporaneous Formulæ
The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Errors, which may be committed in the composition of Extemporaneous Formulæ, are referable to the following Sources. 1.—Substances are added together which are incapable of mixing, or, of forming Compounds of uniform and suitable consistence
II.—Substances are added together which mutually decompose each other, whence their original virtues are changed, or destroyed
III.—The Methods directed for the preparation of the Ingredients are either inadequate to the accomplishment of the object, or they change and destroy the efficacy of the Substances
RULE
SOLID FORMS
PULVERES. Powders
1. Simple Powders
2. Compound Powders
PILULÆ. Pills
I. The Selection of Substances
II. Their Formation into Masses
III. Their Form of Prescription
TROCHISCI. Troches, or Lozenges
SUPPOSITORIA. Suppositories
ELECTUARIA. Electuaries
LIQUID FORMS
MISTURÆ. Mixtures
ENEMATA. Clysters.[304]
INJECTIONES
INHALATIONES. Inhalations
REMEDIES OF EXTERNAL APPLICATION
LOTIONES:
CATAPLASMATA.[310]Poultices, or Pultices
EMPLASTRA. L.E.D. Plasters
A COLLECTION OF FORMULÆ. INTENDED TO ILLUSTRATE THE FOREGOING PRECEPTS, and to furnish the inexperienced Prescriber. WITH A SERIES OF. USEFUL AND INSTRUCTIVE LESSONS
Explanation of the Key Letters
A SYNOPSIS. OF THE. Principles of Combination, AS INVESTIGATED IN THE PRECEDING PAGES, ARRANGED IN A TABULAR FORM. SO AS TO AFFORD THE STUDENT AN EASY. REFERENCE TO THE KEY LETTERS
OBJECT I. TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS
OBJECT II. TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS, BY OBVIATING ANY UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT BE LIKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD PERVERT ITS INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION
OBJECT III. TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO, OR MORE MEDICINES
OBJECT IV. TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AFFORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE
OBJECT V. TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM
NARCOTICS
ANTISPASMODICS
TONICS
AROMATIC STIMULANTS
ASTRINGENTS
EMETICS
CATHARTICS
EMMENAGOGUES
DIURETICS
DIAPHORETICS
EXPECTORANTS
SIALOGOGUES
REFRIGERANTS
ANTACIDS AND ABSORBENTS
ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTHRYPTICS
A. In the Lithic Acid Diathesis
B. In the Phosphatic Diathesis
ANTHELMINTICS
DEMULCENTS
SUPPLEMENTARY FORMULÆ. FOR CERTAIN REMEDIES. NOT INCLUDED IN THE PHARMACOPŒIA
OF THE. MEDICINAL DYNAMETER
PHARMACOLOGIA
INDEX
INDEX. TO THE. PATENT MEDICINES, AND NOSTRUMS, DESCRIBED IN THIS WORK
