Nature's Teachings
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Оглавление
John George Wood. Nature's Teachings
PREFACE
NAUTICAL
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II. THE OAR, THE PADDLE, AND THE SCREW
CHAPTER III. SUBSIDIARY APPLIANCES.—Part I
CHAPTER IV. SUBSIDIARY APPLIANCES.—Part II
CHAPTER V. SUBSIDIARY APPLIANCES. Part III.—The Boat-hook and Punt-pole.—The Life-buoy and Pontoon-raft
WAR AND HUNTING
CHAPTER I. THE PITFALL, THE CLUB, THE SWORD, THE SPEAR AND DAGGER
CHAPTER II. POISON, ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE.—PRINCIPLE OF THE BARB
CHAPTER III. PROJECTILE WEAPONS AND THE SHEATH
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI. THE HOOK.—DEFENSIVE ARMOUR.—THE FORT
CHAPTER VII. SCALING INSTRUMENTS.—DEFENCE OF FORT.—IMITATION.—THE FALL-TRAP
CHAPTER VIII. CONCEALMENT.—DISGUISE.—THE TRENCH.—POWER OF GRAVITY.—MISCELLANEA
ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER I. THE HUT, TROPIC AND POLAR.—PILLARS AND FLOORING.—TUNNEL ENTRANCE OF THE IGLOO.—DOORS AND HINGES.—SELF-CLOSING TRAP-DOORS
CHAPTER II. WALLS, DOUBLE AND SINGLE.—PORCHES, EAVES, AND WINDOWS.—THATCH, SLATES, AND TILES
CHAPTER III. THE WINDOW.—GIRDERS, TIES, AND BUTTRESSES.—THE TUNNEL.—THE SUSPENSION-BRIDGE
CHAPTER IV. LIGHTHOUSES.—THE DOVETAIL.—THE DAM.—SUBTERRANEAN DWELLINGS.—THE PYRAMID.—MORTAR, PAINT, AND VARNISH
TOOLS
CHAPTER I. THE DIGGING-STICK.—SPADE.—SHEARS AND SCISSORS.—CHISEL AND ADZE.—THE PLANE AND SPOKESHAVE
CHAPTER II. THE SAW AND ITS VARIETIES
CHAPTER III. BORING TOOLS.—STRIKING TOOLS.—GRASPING TOOLS
CHAPTER IV. POLISHING TOOLS.—MEASURING TOOLS
OPTICS
CHAPTER I. THE MISSIONS OF HISTORY.—THE CAMERA OBSCURA.—LONG AND SHORT SIGHT.—STEREOSCOPE AND PSEUDOSCOPE.—MULTIPLYING-GLASSES
CHAPTER II. THE WATER TELESCOPE.—IRIS OF THE EYE.—MAGIC LANTERN.—THE SPECTROSCOPE.—THE THAUMATROPE
USEFUL ARTS
CHAPTER I. PRIMITIVE MAN AND HIS NEEDS.—EARTHENWARE.—BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT.—TOGGLE OR KNEE JOINT
CHAPTER II. CRUSHING INSTRUMENTS.—THE NUT-CRACKERS, ROLLING-MILL, AND GRINDSTONE.—PRESSURE OF ATMOSPHERE.—SEED DIBBLES AND DRILLS
CHAPTER III. CLOTH-DRESSING.—BRUSHES AND COMBS.—BUTTONS, HOOKS AND EYES, AND CLASP
CHAPTER IV. THE STOPPER, OR CORK.—THE FILTER
CHAPTER V. THE PRINCIPLE OF THE SPRING.—THE ELASTIC SPRING.—ACCUMULATORS.—THE SPIRAL SPRING
CHAPTER VI. SPIRAL AND RINGED TISSUES.—VARIOUS SPRINGS IN NATURE AND ART
CHAPTER VII. FOOD AND COMFORT
CHAPTER VIII. DOMESTIC COMFORT
CHAPTER IX. ARTIFICIAL WARMTH.—RING AND STAPLE.—THE FAN
CHAPTER X. WATER, AND MEANS OF PROCURING IT
CHAPTER XI. AËROSTATICS.—WEIGHT OF AIR.—EXPANSION BY HEAT
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII. TELESCOPIC TUBES.—DIRECT ACTION.—DISTRIBUTION OF WEIGHT.—TREE-CLIMBING.—THE WHEEL
CHAPTER XIV
CHAPTER XV
CHAPTER XVI. TILLAGE.—DRAINAGE.—SPIRAL PRINCIPLE.—CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
CHAPTER XVII. OSCILLATION.—UNITED STRENGTH.—THE DOME
ACOUSTICS
CHAPTER I. PERCUSSION.—THE STRING AND REED.—THE TRUMPET.—EAR-TRUMPET.—STETHOSCOPE
Отрывок из книги
IT has been frequently said that the modern developments of science are gradually destroying many of the poetical elements of our daily lives, and in consequence are reducing us to a dead level of prosaic commonplace, in which existence is scarcely worth having. The first part of this rather sweeping assertion is perfectly true, but, as we shall presently see, the second portion is absolutely untrue.
Science has certainly destroyed, and is destroying, many of the poetic fancies which made a part of daily life. It must have been a considerable shock to the mind of an ancient philosopher when he found himself deprived of the semi-spiritual, semi-human beings with which the earth and water were thought to be peopled. And even in our own time and country there is in many places a still lingering belief in the existence of good and bad fairies inhabiting lake, wood, and glen, the successors of the Naiads and Dryads, the Fauns and Satyrs, of the former time. Many persons will doubtless be surprised, even in these days, to hear that the dreaded Maelström is quite as fabulous as the Symplegades or Scylla and Charybdis, and that the well-known tale of Edgar Poe is absolutely without foundation.
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On the accompanying illustrations are shown a number of corresponding forms of the Anchor, together with a few others, which, although they may not necessarily be used in the water, are nevertheless constructed on the same principle—i.e. for the purpose of grappling.
One of the most startling parallels may be seen on the right hand of the illustration, the figure having been drawn from an old Roman coin. On the other side of the same illustration may be seen an anchor so exactly similar in form, that the outline of the one would almost answer for that of the other. This object is a much-magnified representation of a spicule which is found on the skin of the Synapta, one of the so-called Sea-slugs, which are so extensively sold under the name of Bêche de Mer. It forms one of the curious group called the Holothuridæ.
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