A Synopsis of the Birds of North America

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John James Audubon. A Synopsis of the Birds of North America

PREFACE

FAMILY I. VULTURINÆ. VULTURINE BIRDS, OR VULTURES

GENUS I. CATHARTES, Illiger. TURKEY-VULTURE

1. 1. Cathartes Californianus, Lath. Californian Turkey-Vulture. – Turkey-Buzzard

2. 2. Cathartes Aura, Linn. Red-headed Turkey-Vulture. – Turkey-Buzzard. Turkey-Vulture

3. 3. Cathartes atratus, Wils. Black-headed Turkey-Vulture. – Black Vulture. Carrion Crow

FAMILY II. FALCONINÆ. FALCONINE BIRDS

GENUS I. POLYBORUS, Vieill. CARACARA

4. 1. Polyborus Braziliensis, Gmel. Brazilian Caracara. – Caracara Eagle

GENUS II. BUTEO, Bechst. BUZZARD

5. 1. Buteo Harrisii, Aud. Harris's Buzzard

6. 2. Buteo vulgaris, Willoughby. Common Buzzard

7. 3. Buteo borealis, Gmel. Red-tailed Buzzard. – Red-tailed Hawk. – Hen Hawk

8. 4. Buteo Harlani, Aud. Harlan's Buzzard. – Black Warrior

9. 5. Buteo lineatus, Gmel. Red-breasted Buzzard. – Chicken Hawk, Red-shouldered Hawk, Winter Hawk

10. 6. Buteo Pennsylvanicus, Wils. Broad-winged Buzzard

11. 7. Buteo lagopus, Vigors. Rough-legged Buzzard

GENUS III. AQUILA, Briss. EAGLE

12. 1. Aquila Chrysaetos, Linn. Golden Eagle

GENUS IV. HALIAETUS, Savigny. SEA-EAGLE

13. 1. Haliaetus Washingtoni, Aud. Washington Sea-Eagle

14. 2. Haliaetus leucocephalus, Linn. White-headed Sea-Eagle. – Bald Eagle

GENUS V. PANDION, Sav. OSPREY

15. 1. Pandion Haliaetus. Common Osprey. – Fish Hawk. Fishing Eagle

GENUS VI. ELANUS, Sav. ELANUS

16. 1. Elanus dispar, Temm. Black-shouldered Elanus

GENUS VII. ICTINIA, Vieillot. ICTINIA

17. 1. Ictinia plumbea, Gmel. Mississippi Ictinia. – Mississippi Kite

GENUS VIII. NAUCLERUS, Vig. SWALLOW-TAILED-HAWK

18. 1. Nauclerus furcatus, Linn. Common Swallow-tailed Hawk

GENUS IX. FALCO, Linn. FALCON

19. 1. Falco Islandicus, Lath. Iceland or Jer Falcon – Gyr Falcon. Labrador Falcon

20. 2. Falco peregrinus, Gmel. Peregrine Falcon. – Large-footed Hawk. Duck Hawk. Wandering Falcon

21. 3. Falco columbarius, Linn. Pigeon Falcon. – Pigeon Hawk

22. 4. Falco sparverius, Linn. Sparrow Falcon. – Sparrow Hawk

GENUS X. ASTUR, Cuv. HAWK

23. 1. Astur palumbarius, Linn. Gos Hawk

24. 2. Astur Cooperi, Bonap. Cooper's Hawk

25. 3. Astur fuscus, Gmel. Sharp-shinned Hawk

GENUS XI. CIRCUS, Bechst. HARRIER

26. 1. Circus cyaneus, Linn. Common Harrier

FAMILY III. STRIGINÆ. OWLS

GENUS I. SURNIA, Dumeril. DAY-OWL

27. 1. Surnia funerea, Gmel. Hawk Day-Owl. – Hawk Owl

28. 2. Surnia nyctea, Linn. Snowy Day-Owl. – Snowy Owl

29. 3. Surnia passerina, Linn. Passerine Day-Owl. – Little Night Owl

31. 5. Surnia cunicularia, Gmel. Burrowing Day-Owl

30. 4. Surnia passerinoides, Temm. Columbian Day-Owl

GENUS II. ULULA. NIGHT-OWL

32. 1. Ulula Tengmalmi, Gmel. Tengmalm's Night-Owl

33. 2. Ulula Acadica, Gmel. Acadian Night-Owl. – Little Owl. Saw-whet

GENUS III. STRIX, Linn. SCREECH-OWL

34. 1. Strix Americana, Aud. American Screech-Owl. – Barn Owl

GENUS IV. SYRNIUM, Cuv. HOOTING-OWL

35. 1. Syrnium cinereum, Linn. Great Cinereous Hooting-Owl. – Cinereous Owl

36. 2. Syrnium nebulosum, Linn. Barred Hooting-Owl. Barred Owl

GENUS V. OTUS, Cuv. EARED-OWL

37. 1. Otus vulgaris, Fleming. Common Eared-Owl. – Long-eared Owl

38. 2. Otus brachyotus, Linn. Short-tufted Eared-Owl. – Short-Eared Owl

GENUS VI. BUBO, Cuvier. HORNED-OWL

39. 1. Bubo Virginianus, Gmel. Virginian Horned-Owl. – Great Horned-Owl

40. 2. Bubo Asio, Linn. Mottled Horned-Owl

FAMILY VI CAPRIMULGINÆ. GOATSUCKERS

GENUS I. CAPRIMULGUS, Linn. GOATSUCKER

41. 1. Caprimulgus Carolinensis, Gmel. Carolina Goatsucker. – Chuck-will's-widow

42. 2. Caprimulgus vociferus, Wils. Whip-poor-will Goatsucker

GENUS II. CHORDEILES, Swainson. NIGHT-HAWK

43. 1. Chordeiles Virginianus, Briss. Virginian Night-Hawk. – Bat. Crapaud volant

FAMILY V. CYPSELINÆ. SWIFTS

GENUS I. CHÆTURA, Stephens. SPINE-TAIL

44. 1. Chætura pelasgia, Linn. American Spine-tail. – Chimney Swallow. American Swift

FAMILY VI. HIRUNDINÆ. SWALLOWS

GENUS I. HIRUNDO, Linn. SWALLOW

45. 1. Hirundo purpurea, Linn. Purple Martin

46. 2. Hirundo bicolor. Vieill. White-bellied Swallow

47. 3. Hirundo fulva, Vieill. Cliff-Swallow, – Republican Swallow

48. 4. Hirundo rustica, Linn. Chimney-Swallow. – Barn-Swallow

49. 5. Hirundo thalassina, Swains. Violet-green Swallow

50. 6. Hirundo riparia, Linn. Bank Swallow

51. 7. Hirundo serripennis, Aud. Rough-winged Swallow

FAMILY VII. MUSCICAPINÆ. FLYCATCHERS

GENUS I. MILVULUS, Swains. SWALLOW-TAIL

52. 1. Milvulus Tyrannus, Linn. Prairie Swallow-tail. – Fork-tailed Flycatcher

53. 2. Milvulus forficatus, Gmel. Red-shouldered Swallow-tail. – Swallow-tailed Flycatcher

GENUS II. MUSCICAPA, Linnæus. FLYCATCHER

54. 1. Muscicapa verticalis, Say. Arkansaw Flycatcher

55. 2. Muscicapa dominicensis, Brisson. Pipiry Flycatcher

56. 3. Muscicapa Tyrannus, Linn. Tyrant Flycatcher, – King Bird

57. 4. Muscicapa crinita, Linn. Great Crested Flycatcher

58. 5. Muscicapa Cooperi, Nuttall. Cooper's Flycatcher. – Olive-sided Flycatcher

59. 6. Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Say's Flycatcher

60. 7. Muscicapa nigricans, Swains. Rocky Mountain Flycatcher

61. 8. Muscicapa Phœbe, Lath. Short-legged Pewit Flycatcher

62. 9. Muscicapa acadica, Gmel. Small Green-crested Flycatcher

63. 10. Muscicapa fusca, Gmel. Pewee Flycatcher

64. 11. Muscicapa virens, Linn. Wood Pewee Flycatcher

65. 12. Muscicapa Traillii, Aud. Traill's Flycatcher

66. 13. Muscicapa pusilla, Swains. Least Pewee Flycatcher

67. 14. Muscicapa minuta, Wils. Small-headed Flycatcher

68. 15. Muscicapa Ruticilla, Linn. Redstart Flycatcher. – American Redstart

GENUS V. PTILOGONYS, Swains. PTILOGONYS

69. 1. Ptilogonys Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Ptilogonys

GENUS IV. CULICIVORA, Swains. GNAT-CATCHER

70. 1. Culicivora cœrulea, Lath. Blue-grey Gnat-catcher

FAMILY VIII. SYLVICOLINÆ. WOOD-WARBLERS

GENUS I. MYIODIOCTES, Aud. FLYCATCHING-WARBLER

71. 1. Myiodioctes mitratus, Lath. Hooded Flycatching-Warbler. – Hooded Flycatcher. Hooded Warbler

72. 2. Myiodioctes canadensis, Linn. Spotted Canadian Flycatching Warbler. – Canadian Flycatcher. Canada Warbler

73. 3. Myiodioctes Bonapartii, Aud. Bonaparte's Flycatching Warbler

74. 4. Myiodioctes formosus, Wils. Kentucky Flycatching Warbler. – Kentucky Warbler

75. 5. Myiodioctes Wilsonii, Bonap. Wilson's Flycatching Warbler

GENUS II. SYLVICOLA, Swainson. WOOD-WARBLER

76. 1. Sylvicola coronata, Lath. Yellow-crowned Wood-Warbler. – Yellow-crowned Warbler. Yellow-rump Warbler

77. 2. Sylvicola Auduboni, Townsend. Audubon's Wood-Warbler, – Audubon's Warbler

78. 3. Sylvicola striata, Lath. Black-poll Wood-Warbler

79. 4. Sylvicola pensilis, Lath. Yellow-throated Wood-Warbler

80. 5. Sylvicola castanea, Wils. Bay-breasted Wood-Warbler. – Bay-breasted Warbler

81. 6. Sylvicola icterocephala, Lath. Chestnut-sided Wood-Warbler. – Chestnut-sided Warbler

82. 7. Sylvicola pinus, Lath. Pine-creeping Wood-Warbler

83. 8. Sylvicola parus, Wils. Hemlock Warbler

84. 9. Sylvicola virens, Lath. Black-throated Green Wood-Warbler

85. 10. Sylvicola maritima, Wils. Cape May Wood-Warbler

86. 11. Sylvicola cœrulea, Wils. Cœrulean Wood-Warbler

87. 12. Sylvicola Blackburniæ, Lath. Blackburnian Wood-Warbler. – Blackburnian Warbler

88. 13. Sylvicola æstiva, Gmel. Yellow-Poll Warbler

89. 14. Sylvicola Rathbonii, Aud. Rathbone's Wood-Warbler

90. 15. Sylvicola petechia, Lath. Yellow Red-poll Wood-Warbler

91. 16. Sylvicola Americana, Lath. Blue Yellow-backed Wood-Warbler, – Yellow-backed Warbler, – Blue Yellow-back Warbler

92. 17. Sylvicola Townsendi, Nutt. Townsend's Wood-Warbler

93. 18. Sylvicola occidentalis, Towns. Hermit Wood-Warbler

94. 19. Sylvia nigrescens, Towns. Black-throated Grey Wood-Warbler

95. 20. Sylvicola canadensis, Linn. Canada or Black-throated Blue Wood-Warbler

96. 21. Sylvicola maculosa, Lath. Blue-headed Yellow-rumped Wood-Warbler. – Black-and-Yellow Warbler

97. 22. Sylvicola discolor, Vieill. Prairie Wood-Warbler

98. 23. Sylvicola montana, Wils. Blue-Mountain Warbler

99. 24. Sylvicola agilis, Wils. Connecticut Wood Warbler. – Connecticut Warbler

GENUS III. TRICHAS, Swains. GROUND-WARBLER

100. 1. Trichas Macgillivrayi, Aud. Macgillivray's Ground-Warbler. – Macgillivray's Warbler

101. 2. Trichas Philadelphia, Wils. Mourning Ground-Warbler. – Mourning Warbler

102. 3. Trichas Marilandica, Linn. Maryland Ground-Warbler. – Maryland Yellow-throat. Yellow-breasted Warbler

103. 4. Trichas Delafieldii, Aud. Delafield's Ground-Warbler

GENUS IV. HELINAIA, Aud. SWAMP-WARBLERS

104. 1. Helinaia Swainsonii, Aud. Swainson's Swamp-Warbler

105. 2. Helinaia vermivora, Lath. Worm-eating Swamp-Warbler

106. 3. Helinaia Protonotarius, Lath. Prothonotary Swamp-Warbler

107. 4. Helinaia chrysoptera, Linn. Golden-winged Swamp-Warbler

108. 5. Helinaia Bachmanii, Aud. Bachman's Swamp-Warbler

109. 6. Helinaia carbonata, Aud. Carbonated Swamp-Warbler

110. 7. Helinaia peregrina, Wils. Tennessee Swamp-Warbler

111. 8. Helinaia solitaria, Wils. Blue-winged Yellow Swamp-Warbler

112. 9. Helinaia celata, Say. Orange-crowned Swamp-Warbler

113. 10. Helinaia rubricapilla, Wils. Nashville Swamp-Warbler

GENUS V. MNIOTILTA, Vieill. CREEPING-WARBLER

114. 1. Mniotilta varia, Linn. Black-and-white Creeping Warbler

FAMILY IX. CERTHIANÆ. CREEPERS

GENUS I. CERTHIA, Linn. TREE-CREEPER

115. 1. Certhia familiaris, Linn. Brown Tree-Creeper

GENUS II. TROGLODYTES, Cuv. WREN

116. 1. Troglodytes obsoletus, Say. Rock-Wren

117. 2. Troglodytes ludovicianus, Bonap. Great Carolina Wren

118. 3. Troglodytes Bewickii, Aud. Bewick's Wren

119. 4. Troglodytes Americanus, Aud. Wood-Wren

120. 5. Troglodytes ædon, Vieill. House-Wren

121. 6. Troglodytes hyemalis, Vieill. Winter-Wren

122. 7. Troglodytes Parkmanii, Aud. Parkman's Wren

123. 8. Troglodytes palustris, Wils. Marsh Wren

124. 9. Troglodytes brevirostris, Nutt. Short-billed Marsh-Wren

FAMILY X. PARINÆ. TITS

GENUS I. PARUS, Linn. TIT

125. 1. Parus bicolor, Linn. Tufted Titmouse. – Crested Titmouse. Great Chicadee

126. 2. Parus atricapillus, Linn. Black-cap Tit. – Black-cap Titmouse, or Chicadee

127. 3. Parus Carolinensis, Aud. Carolina Tit

128. 4. Parus Hudsonicus, Lath. Hudson's Bay Tit

129. 5. Parus rufescens, Towns. Chestnut-backed Tit

130. 6. Parus minimus, Towns. Chestnut-crowned Tit

FAMILY XI. SYLVIANÆ. WARBLERS

GENUS I. REGULUS, Cuv. KINGLET

131. 1. Regulus Cuvieri, Aud. Cuvier's Kinglet

132. 2. Regulus Satrapa, Lichtenstein. American Golden-crested Kinglet

133. 3. Regulus Calendula, Linn. Ruby-crowned Kinglet

GENUS II. SIALIA, Swains. BLUE BIRD

134. 1. Sialia Wilsoni, Swains. Common Blue Bird

135. 2. Sialia occidentalis, Townsend. Western Blue Bird

136. 3. Sialia arctica, Swains. Arctic Blue Bird

FAMILY XII. TURDINÆ. THRUSHES

GENUS I. CINCLUS, Bechst. DIPPER

137. 1. Cinclus Americanus, Swains. American Dipper

GENUS II. ORPHEUS, Swains. MOCKING-BIRD

138. 1. Orpheus polyglottus, Linn. Grey Mocking-Bird

139. 2. Orpheus montanus, Townsend. Mountain Mocking-Bird

140. 3. Orpheus Carolinensis, Linn. Black-capped Mocking-Bird. – Cat Bird

141. 4. Orpheus rufus, Linn. Ferruginous Mocking-Bird. – Thrushes. Brown Thrush

GENUS IV. TURDUS, Linn. THRUSH

142. 1. Turdus migratorius, Linn. Migratory Thrush. – Robin

143. 2. Turdus nævius, Gmel. Varied Thrush

144. 3. Turdus mustelinus, Gmel. Wood-Thrush

145. 4. Turdus Wilsoni, Bonap. Tawny Thrush

146. 5. Turdus solitarius, Wils. Hermit Thrush

147. 6. Turdus nanus, Aud. Dwarf Thrush

FAMILY XIII. MOTACILLINÆ. WAGTAILS

GENUS I. SEIURUS, Swains. WOOD-WAGTAILS

148. 1. Seiurus aurocapillus, Lath. Golden-crowned Wood-Wagtail

149. 2. Seiurus Novæboracensis, Gmel. Aquatic Wood-Wagtail

GENUS II. ANTHUS, Bechst. PIPIT

150. 1. Anthus Ludovicianus, Lichtenstein. American Pipit

FAMILY XIV. ALAUDINÆ. LARKS

GENUS I. ALAUDA, Linn. LARK

151. 1. Alauda alpestris, Linn. Shore Lark. – Horned Lark

FAMILY XV. FRINGILLINÆ. FINCHES

GENUS I. PLECTROPHANES, Meyer. LARK-BUNTING

152. 1. Plectrophanes Lapponica, Linn. Lapland Lark-Bunting

153. 2. Plectrophanes pictus, Swains. Painted Lark-Bunting

154. 3. Plectrophanes ornatus, Towns. Chestnut-collared Lark-Bunting

155. 4. Plectrophanes nivalis, Linn. Snow Lark-Bunting

GENUS II. EMBERIZA, Linn. BUNTING

156. 1. Emberiza Americana, Gmel. Black-throated Bunting

157. 2. Emberiza Townsendii, Aud. Townsend's Bunting

158. 3. Emberiza Grammaca, Say. Lark Bunting

159. 4. Emberiza graminea, Gmel. Grass or Bay-winged Bunting

160. 5. Emberiza Savanna, Bon. Savannah Bunting

161. 6. Emberiza pallida, Swains. Clay-coloured Bunting

162. 7. Emberiza passerina, Wils. Yellow-winged Bunting

163. 8. Emberiza Henslowii, Aud. Henslow's Bunting

164. 9. Emberiza pusilla, Wils. Field Bunting. – Field Sparrow

165. 10. Emberiza socialis, Wils. Chipping Bunting. – Chipping Sparrow

166. 11. Emberiza Canadensis, Lath. Canada Bunting. – Tree Sparrow

GENUS III. NIPHÆA, Aud. SNOW-BIRD

167. 1. Niphæa hyemalis, Linn. Common Snow-Bird

168. 2. Niphæa Oregona, Towns. Oregon Snow-Bird

GENUS IV. SPIZA, Bonap. PAINTED-BUNTING

169. 1. Spiza Ciris, Wils. Blue-headed Painted-Bunting. – Painted-Bunting. Painted-Finch

170. 2. Spiza cyanea, Wils. Indigo Painted-Bunting. – Indigo Bird

171. 3. Spiza amœna, Say. Lazuli Painted-Bunting. – Lazuli Finch

GENUS V. AMMODRAMUS, Swains. SHORE-FINCH

172. 1. Ammodramus maritimus, Wils. Grey Shore-Finch. – Sea-side Finch

173. 2. Ammodramus Macgillivrayi, Aud. Macgillvray's Shore-Finch

174. 3. Ammodramus caudacutus, Lath. Buff-breasted Shore-Finch. – Sharp-tailed Finch

175. 4. Ammodramus palustris, Wils. Marsh Shore-Finch. Swamp Sparrow

GENUS VI. PEUCÆA, Aud. PINEWOOD-FINCH

176. 1. Peucæa Bachmanii, Aud. Bachman's Pinewood-Finch

177. 2. Peucæa Lincolnii, Aud. Lincoln's Pinewood-Finch

GENUS VII. LINARIA, Ray. LINNET

178. 1. Linaria borealis, Temm. Mealy Redpoll Linnet

179. 2. Linaria minor, Ray. Lesser Redpoll Linnet

180. 3. Linaria pinus, Wils. Pine Linnet

GENUS VIII. CARDUELIS, Cuv. GOLDFINCH

181. 1. Carduelis tristis, Linn. American Goldfinch

182. 2. Carduelis magellanicus, Vieill. Black-headed Goldfinch

183. 3. Carduelis psaltria, Say. Arkansaw Goldfinch

184. 4. Carduelis Yarrellii, Aud. Yarrell's Goldfinch

185. 5. Carduelis Stanleyi, Aud. Stanley Goldfinch

GENUS IX. FRINGILLA, Linn. FINCH

186. 1. Fringilla iliaca, Merrem. Fox-coloured Finch

187. 2. Fringilla Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Finch

188. 3. Fringilla cinerea, Gmel. Brown Finch

189. 4. Fringilla melodia, Wils. Song Finch

190. 5. Fringilla Mortoni, Aud. Morton's Finch

191. 6. Fringilla Pennsylvanica, Lath. White-throated Finch

192. 7. Fringilla leucophrys, Gmel. White-crowned Finch. – White-crowned Sparrow

193. 8. Fringilla atricapilla, Gmel. Black-and-yellow-crowned Finch

GENUS X. PIPILO, Vieill. GROUND-FINCH

194. 1. Pipilo arcticus, Swains. Arctic Ground-Finch

195. 2. Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Linn. Towhe Ground-Finch. – Towhe Bunting. Ground Robin. Swamp Robin

GENUS XI. ERYTHROSPIZA, Bonap. PURPLE-FINCH

196. 1. Erythrospiza purpurea, Gmel. Crested Purple-Finch. – Purple Finch

197. 2. Erythrospiza frontalis, Say. Crimson-fronted Purple-Finch

198. 3. Erythrospiza tephrocotis, Swains. Grey-crowned Purple-Finch

GENUS XII. CORYTHUS, Cuv. PINE-FINCH

199. 1. Corythus Enucleator, Linn. Common Pine-finch. – Pine Grosbeak

GENUS XIII. LOXIA, Linn. CROSSBILL

200. 1. Loxia curvirostra, Linn. Common Crossbill

201. 2. Loxia leucoptera, Gmel. White-winged Crossbill

GENUS XIV. CORYDALINA, Aud. LARK-FINCH

202. 1. Corydalina bicolor, Towns. Prairie Lark-Finch

GENUS XV. PITYLUS, Cuvier. CARDINAL GROSBEAK

203. 1. Pitylus Cardinalis, Linn. Common Cardinal Grosbeak. – Cardinal Bird. Red Bird. Virginian Nightingale

GENUS XVI. COCCOBORUS, Swains. SONG-GROSBEAK

204. 1. Coccoborus cœruleus, Linn. Blue Song-Grosbeak

205. 2. Coccoborus Ludovicianus, Linn. Rose-breasted Song-Grosbeak

206. 3. Coccoborus melanocephalus, Swains. Black-headed Song-Grosbeak

GENUS XVII. COCCOTHRAUSTES, Briss. GROSBEAK

207. 1. Coccothraustes vespertina, Cooper. Evening Grosbeak

GENUS XVIII. PYRANGA, Vieill. RED-BIRD

208. 1. Pyranga æstiva, Gmel. Summer Red-bird

209. 2. Pyranga rubra, Linn. Scarlet Red-bird. – Scarlet Tanager

210. 3. Pyranga Ludoviciana, Wils. Louisiana Red-bird. – Louisiana Tanager

FAMILY XVI. AGELAINÆ. MARSH-BLACKBIRDS

GENUS I. DOLICHONYX, Swains. RICE-BIRD

211. 1. Dolichonyx oryzivora, Linn. Wandering Rice-bird. – Bob-o-link. Maybird. Ortolan

GENUS II. MOLOTHRUS, Swains. COW-BIRD

212. 1. Molothrus pecoris, Gmel. Common Cow-bird

GENUS III. AGELAIUS, Swains. MARSH-BLACKBIRD

213. 1. Agelaius xanthocephalus, Bonap. Saffron-headed Marsh-Blackbird

214. 2. Agelaius tricolor, Aud. Red-and-white-shouldered Marsh-Blackbird

215. 3. Agelaius Gubernator, Wagler. Red-and-black-shouldered Marsh-Blackbird

216. 4. Agelaius phœniceus, Linn. Red-and-yellow-shouldered Marsh-Blackbird. – Red-winged Starling

GENUS IV. ICTERUS, Briss. HANGNEST

217. 1. Icterus Baltimore, Linn. Baltimore Hangnest. – Golden Robin

218. 2. Icterus Bullockii, Swains. Bullock's Hangnest

219. 3. Icterus spurius, Gmel. Orchard Hangnest. – Orchard Oriole

GENUS V. QUISCALUS, Vieill. CROW-BLACKBIRD

220. 1. Quiscalus major, Vieill. Great Crow-Blackbird. – Boat-tailed Grakle

221. 2. Quiscalus versicolor, Vieill. Common or Purple Crow-Blackbird. – Purple Grakle

222. 3. Quiscalus ferrugineus, Lath. Rusty Crow-Blackbird. – Rusty Grakle

FAMILY XVII. STURNINÆ. STARLINGS

GENUS I. STURNELLA, Vieill. MEADOW-STARLING

223. 1. Sturnella Ludoviciana, Linn. Crescent Meadow-Starling. – Meadow Lark

FAMILY XVIII. CORVINÆ. CROWS

GENUS I. CORVUS, Linn. CROW

224. 1. Corvus Corax, Linn. Raven

225. 2. Corvus Americanus, Aud. American Crow

226. 3. Corvus ossifragus, Wils. Fish-Crow

GENUS II. PICA, Briss. MAGPIE

227. 1. Pica melanoleuca, Vieill. Common Magpie

228. 2. Pica Nuttallii, Aud. Yellow-billed Magpie

229. 3. Pica Bullockii, Wagler. Columbia Magpie. – Columbia Jay

GENUS III. GARRULUS, Briss. JAY

230. 1. Garrulus Stelleri, Gmel. Steller's Jay

231. 2. Garrulus cristatus, Linn. Blue Jay

232. 3. Garrulus ultramarinus, Bonap. Ultramarine Jay

233. 4. Garrulus Floridanus, Bartram. Florida Jay

234. 5. Garrulus Canadensis, Linn. Canada Jay

GENUS IV. NUCIFRAGA, Briss. NUTCRACKER

235. 1. Nucifraga Columbiana, Wils. Columbian Nutcracker. – Clark's Crow

FAMILY XIX. LANIINÆ. SHRIKES

GENUS I. LANIUS, Linn. SHRIKE, or BUTCHER-BIRD

236. 1. Lanius borealis, Vieill. Great American Shrike

237. 2. Lanius Ludovicianus, Linn. Loggerheaded Shrike

FAMILY XX. VIREONINÆ. GREENLETS

GENUS I. VIREO, Vieill. GREENLET

238. 1. Vireo flavifrons, Vieill. Yellow-throated Greenlet

239. 2. Vireo solitarius, Vieill. Solitary Greenlet

240. 3. Vireo Noveboracensis, Gmel. White-eyed Greenlet

241. 4. Vireo gilvus, Vieill. Warbling Greenlet

242. 5. Vireo Bartrami, Swains. Bartram's Greenlet

243. 6. Vireo olivaceus, Linn. Red-eyed Greenlet

FAMILY XXI. PIPRINÆ. MANAKINS

GENUS I. ICTERIA. Vieill. CHAT

244. 1. Icteria viridis, Gmel. Yellow-breasted Chat

FAMILY XXII. AMPELINÆ. CHATTERERS

GENUS I. BOMBYCILLA, Briss. WAXWING

245. 1. Bombycilla garrula, Vieill. Black-throated Waxwing. – Bohemian Chatterer

246. 2. Bombycilla Carolinensis, Briss. Cedar Waxwing. – Cedar Bird

FAMILY XXIII. SITTINÆ. NUTHATCHES

GENUS I. SITTA, Linn. NUTHATCH

247. 1. Sitta Carolinensis, Linn. White-breasted Nuthatch

248. 2. Sitta Canadensis, Linn. Red-bellied Nuthatch

249. 3. Sitta pusilla, Lath. Brown-headed Nuthatch

250. 4. Sitta pygmæa, Vigors. Californian Nuthatch

FAMILY XXIV. TROCHILINÆ. HUMMINGBIRDS

GENUS I. TROCHILUS, Linn. HUMMINGBIRD

251. 1. Trochilus Mango, Linn. Mango Hummingbird

252. 2. Trochilus Anna, Less. Anna Hummingbird

253. 3. Trochilus Colubris, Linn. Ruby-throated Hummingbird

GENUS II. SELASPHORUS, Swains. RUFFED-HUMMINGBIRD

254. 1. Selasphorus rufus, Gmel. Rufous Ruffed-Hummingbird. – Nootka Hummingbird

FAMILY XXV. ALCEDINÆ. KINGFISHERS

GENUS I. ALCEDO, Linn. KINGFISHER

255. 1. Alcedo Alcyon, Linn. Belted Kingfisher

FAMILY XXVI. PICINÆ. WOODPECKERS

GENUS I. PICUS, Linn. WOODPECKER

256. 1. Picus imperialis, Gould. Imperial Woodpecker

257. 2. Picus principalis, Linn. Ivory-billed Woodpecker

258. 3. Picus pileatus, Linn. Pileated Woodpecker. – Log-cock

259. 4. Picus lineatus, Linn. Lineated Woodpecker

260. 5. Picus Canadensis, Gmel. Canadian Woodpecker

261. 6. Picus Phillipsii, Aud. Phillips's Woodpecker

262. 7. Picus Martinæ, Aud. Maria's Woodpecker

263. 8. Picus Harrisii, Aud. Harris's Woodpecker

264. 9. Picus villosus, Linn. Hairy Woodpecker

265. 10. Picus pubescens, Linn. Downy Woodpecker

266. 11. Picus Gairdnerii, Aud. Gairdner's Woodpecker

267. 12. Picus querulus, Wils. Red-cockaded Woodpecker

268. 13. Picus Auduboni, Trudeau. Audubon's Woodpecker

269. 14. Picus ruber. Gmel. Red-breasted Woodpecker

270. 15. Picus varius, Linn. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker

271. 16. Picus arcticus, Swains. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker

272. 17. Picus hirsutus, Vieill. Banded Three-toed Woodpecker

273. 18. Picus Carolinus, Linn. Red-bellied Woodpecker

274. 19. Picus erythrocephalus, Linn. Red-headed Woodpecker

275. 20. Picus torquatus, Wils. Lewis's Woodpecker

276. 21. Picus auratus, Linn. Golden-winged Woodpecker. – Flicker. Tucker. High-holder

277. 22. Picus Mexicanus, Swains. Red-shafted Woodpecker

FAMILY XXVII. CUCULINÆ. CUCKOOS

GENUS I. COCCYZUS, Vieill. AMERICAN CUCKOO

278. 1. Coccyzus Americanus, Linn. Yellow-billed American Cuckoo. – Rain Crow. Cow-bird

279. 2. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus, Wils. Black-billed American Cuckoo. – Rain-Crow. Cuckoo-Bird

280. 3. Coccyzus Seniculus, Lath. Mangrove American Cuckoo

FAMILY XXVIII. PSITTACINÆ. PARROTS

GENUS I. CENTURUS, Kuhl. PARRAKEET

281. 1. Centurus Carolinensis, Linn. Carolina Parrakeet

FAMILY XXIX. COLUMBINÆ. PIGEONS

GENUS I. COLUMBA, Linn. DOVE

282. 1. Columba fasciata, Say. Band-tailed Dove

283. 2. Columba leucocephala, Linn. White-headed Dove

284. 3. Columba Zenaida, Bonap. Zenaida Dove

285. 4. Columba montana, Linn. Key-West Dove

286. 5. Columba passerina, Linn. Passerine Dove. – Ground Dove

GENUS II. STARNÆNAS, Bonap. GROUND-DOVE

287. 1. Starnænas cyanocephala, Linn. Blue-headed Ground-Dove

GENUS III. ECTOPISTES, Swains. LONG-TAILED-DOVE

288. 1. Ectopistes migratoria, Linn. Wandering Long-tailed-Dove. – Passenger Pigeon

289. 2. Ectopistes Carolinensis, Linn. Carolina Long-tailed-Dove

FAMILY XXX. PAVONINÆ. PAVONINE BIRDS

GENUS I. MELEAGRIS, Linn. TURKEY

290. 1. Meleagris Gallopavo, Linn. Common Turkey

FAMILY XXXI. PERDICINÆ. PARTRIDGES

GENUS I. ORTYX, Steph. AMERICAN PARTRIDGE

291. 1. Ortyx Virginiana, Linn. Common American Partridge

292. 2. Ortyx Californica, Lath. Californian Partridge

293. 3. Ortyx plumifera, Gould. Plumed Partridge

294. 4. Ortyx neoxenus, Vigors. Welcome Partridge

FAMILY XXXII. TETRAONINÆ. GROUSE

GENUS I. TETRAO, Linn. GROUSE

295. 1. Tetrao Umbellus, Linn. Ruffed Grouse. – Partridge Pheasant

296. 2. Tetrao Canadensis, Linn. Canada Grouse. – Spotted Grouse

297. 3. Tetrao obscurus, Say. Dusky Grouse

298. 4. Tetrao Cupido, Linn. Pinnated Grouse

299. 5. Tetrao Urophasianus, Bonap. Pheasant-tailed Grouse. – Cock of the Plains

300. 6. Tetrao Phasianellus, Linn. Sharp-tailed Grouse

GENUS II. LAGOPUS. PTARMIGAN

301. 1. Lagopus albus, Gmel. Willow Ptarmigan. – Willow-Grouse

302. 2. Lagopus Americanus, Aud. American Ptarmigan

303. 3. Lagopus rupestris, Gmel. Rock Ptarmigan

304. 4. Lagopus leucurus, Swains. White-tailed Ptarmigan

FAMILY XXXIII. RALLINÆ. RAILS

GENUS I. GALLINULA, Briss. GALLINULE

305. 1. Gallinula Martinica, Linn. Purple Gallinule

306. 2. Gallinula Chloropus, Linn. Common Gallinule

GENUS II. FULICA, Linn. COOT

307. 1. Fulica Americana, Gmel. American Coot. – Mud-Hen

GENUS III. ORTYGOMETRA, Leach. CRAKE-GALLINULE

308. 1. Ortygometra Carolinus, Linn. Carolina Crake-Gallinule. – Sora Rail

309. 2. Ortygometra Noveboracensis, Lath. Yellow-breasted Crake-Gallinule. – Yellow-breasted Rail

310. 3. Ortygometra Jamaicensis, Briss. Least Crake-Gallinule

GENUS IV. RALLUS, Linn. RAIL

311. 1. Rallus elegans, Aud. Great Red-breasted Rail. – Fresh-water Marsh-Hen

312. 2. Rallus crepitans, Gmel. Clapper Rail. – Salt-water Marsh-hen

313. 3. Rallus Virginianus, Linn. Virginian Rail

GENUS V. ARAMUS, Vieill. COURLAN

314. 1. Aramus scolopaceus, Vieill. Scolopaceous Courlan

FAMILY XXXIV. GRUINÆ. CRANES

GENUS I. GRUS, Briss. CRANE

315. 1. Grus Americana, Forster. Whooping Crane. – Sand-hill Crane. White Crane. Blue Crane. Brown Crane

FAMILY XXXV. CHARADRIINÆ. PLOVERS

GENUS I. CHARADRIUS, Linn. PLOVER

316. 1. Charadrius Helveticus, Linn. Black-bellied Plover. – Bull-head. Ox-eye

317. 2. Charadrius marmoratus, Wagler. American Golden Plover

318. 3. Charadrius vociferus, Linn. Kildeer Plover

319. 4. Charadrius montanus, Townsend. Rocky-mountain Plover

320. 5. Charadrius Wilsonius, Ord. Wilson's Plover

321. 6. Charadrius semipalmatus, Bonap. American Ring Plover

322. 7. Charadrius melodus, Ord. Piping Plover

GENUS II. APHRIZA, Aud. SURF-BIRD

323. 1. Aphriza Townsendii, Aud. Townsend's Surf-Bird

GENUS III. STREPSILAS, Illiger. TURNSTONE

324. 1. Strepsilas Interpres, Linn. Turnstone

GENUS IV. HÆMATOPUS. OYSTER-CATCHER

325. 1. Hæmatopus palliatus, Temm. American Oyster-catcher

326. 2. Hæmatopus Bachmanii, Aud. Bachman's Oyster-catcher

327. 3. Hæmatopus Townsendii, Aud. Townsend's Oyster-catcher

FAMILY XXXVI. SCOLOPACINÆ. SNIPES

GENUS I. TRINGA, Linn. SANDPIPER

328. 1. Tringa Bartramia, Wils. Bartramian Sandpiper. – Highland Plover. Papabote

329. 2. Tringa Islandica, Linn. Ash-coloured Sandpiper. – Knot. Grey-back, Red-breasted Sandpiper

330. 3. Tringa pectoralis, Bonap. Pectoral Sandpiper

331. 4. Tringa maritima, Brunnich. Purple Sandpiper

332. 5. Tringa rufescens, Vieill. Buff-breasted Sandpiper

333. 6. Tringa alpina, Linn. Red-backed Sandpiper

334. 7. Tringa subarquata, Temm. Curlew Sandpiper

335. 8. Tringa Himantopus, Bonap. Long-legged Sandpiper

336. 9. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. Schinz's Sandpiper

337. 10. Tringa semipalmata, Wils. Semipalmated Sandpiper

338. 11. Tringa pusilla, Wils. Little Sandpiper

339. 12. Tringa arenaria. Sanderling Sandpiper

GENUS II. PHALAROPUS, Briss. PHALAROPE

340. 1. Phalaropus fulicarius, Bonap. Red Phalarope

GENUS III. LOBIPES, Cuv. LOBEFOOT

341. 1. Lobipes hyperboreus, Lath. Hyperborean Lobefoot

342. 2. Lobipes Wilsonii, Sabine. Wilson's Lobefoot

GENUS IV. TOTANUS, Bechst. TATLER

343. 1. Totanus macularius, Wils. Spotted Tatler. – Spotted Sandpiper. Peet-weet

344. 2. Totanus solitarius, Wils. Solitary Tatler. – Solitary Sandpiper

345. 3. Totanus flavipes, Lath. Yellowshanks Tatler. – Yellowshanks Snipe

346. 4. Totanus vociferus, Wils. Tell-tale Tatler. – Tell-tale Godwit or Snipe. Greater Yellowshanks. Long-shanks. Humility. Clou-Clou

347. 5. Totanus Glottis, Linn. Greenshank Tatler

348. 5. Totanus semipalmatus, Lath. Semipalmated Tatler. – Willet. Stone Curlew

GENUS V. LIMOSA, Briss. GODWIT

349. 1. Limosa Fedoa, Linn. Great Marbled Godwit

350. 2. Limosa Hudsonica, Lath. Hudsonian Godwit

GENUS VI. SCOLOPAX, Linn. SNIPE

351. 1. Scolopax Wilsonii, Temm. Wilson's Snipe. – Common Snipe. English Snipe

352. 2. Scolopax Drummondii, Swains. Drummond's Snipe

353. 3. Scolopax Noveboracensis, Gmel. Red-breasted Snipe

GENUS VII. MICROPTERA, Nutt. BOGSUCKER

354. 1. Microptera Americana, Aud. Common Bogsucker. – American Woodcock

GENUS VIII. RECURVIROSTRA, Linn. AVOCET

355. 1. Recurvirostra Americana, Linn. American Avocet

GENUS IX. HIMANTOPUS, Briss. STILT

356. 1. Himantopus nigricollis, Vieill. Black-necked Stilt. – Lawyer

GENUS X. NUMENIUS, Briss. CURLEW

357. 1. Numenius longirostris, Wils. Long-billed Curlew

358. 2. Numenius Hudsonicus, Lath. Hudsonian Curlew

359. 3. Numenius borealis, Lath. Esquimaux Curlew

FAMILY XXXVII. TANTALINÆ. IBISES

GENUS I. IBIS, Cuv. IBIS

360. 1. Ibis Falcinellus, Linn. Glossy Ibis

361. 2. Ibis rubra, Linn. Scarlet Ibis

362. 3. Ibis alba, Linn. White Ibis

GENUS II. TANTALUS, Linn. TANTALUS

363. 1. Tantalus Loculator, Linn. Wood Ibis

GENUS III. PLATALEA, Linn. SPOONBILL

364. 1. Platalea Ajaja, Linn. Roseate Spoonbill

FAMILY XXXVIII. ARDEINÆ. HERONS

GENUS I. ARDEA, Linn. HERON

365. 1. Ardea Nycticorax, Linn. Black-crowned Night Heron. – Qua-Bird

366. 2. Ardea violacea, Linn. Yellow-crowned Night Heron

367. 3. Ardea lentiginosa, Swains. American Bittern

368. 4. Ardea exilis, Wils. Least Bittern

369. 5. Ardea virescens, Linn. Green Heron

370. 6. Ardea occidentalis, Aud. Great White Heron

371. 7. Ardea Herodias, Linn. Great Blue Heron

372. 8. Ardea Egretta, Gmel. Great American White Egret

373. 9. Ardea rufescens, Gmel. Reddish Egret

374. 10. Ardea cœrulea, Linn. Blue Heron

375. 11. Ardea Ludoviciana, Wils. Louisiana Heron

376. 12. Ardea candidissima, Gmel. Snowy Heron

FAMILY XXXIX. ANATINÆ. DUCKS

GENUS I. PHŒNICOPTERUS, Linn. FLAMINGO

377. 1. Phœnicopterus ruber, Linn. American Flamingo

GENUS II. ANSER, Briss. GOOSE

378. 1. Anser Canadensis, Linn. Canada Goose

379. 2. Anser Hutchinsii, Richardson. Hutchins's Goose

380. 3. Anser leucopsis, Bechst. Bernacle Goose

381. 4. Anser Bernicla, Linn. Brent Goose

382. 5. Anser albifrons, Bechst. White-fronted Goose

383. 6. Anser hyperboreus, Gmel. Snow-Goose

GENUS III. CYGNUS, Meyer. SWAN

384. 1. Cygnus Buccinator, Richardson. Trumpeter Swan

385. 2. Cygnus Americanus, Sharpless. American Swan

GENUS IV. ANAS, Linn. DUCK

386. 1. Anas Borchas, Linn. Mallard

387. 2. Anas obscura, Gmel. Dusky Duck

388. 3. Anas Breweri, Aud. Brewer's Duck

389. 4. Anas strepera, Linn. Gadwall Duck. – Violon

390. 5. Anas Americana, Gmel. American Widgeon

391. 6. Anas acuta, Linn. Pintail Duck

392. 7. Anas Sponsa, Linn. Wood Duck. – Summer Duck

393. 8. Anas Carolinensis, Steph. American Green-winged Teal

394. 9. Anas discors, Linn. Blue-winged Teal

395. 10. Anas clypeata, Linn. Shoveller Duck. – Micoine

GENUS V. FULIGULA. SEA-DUCK

396. 1. Fuligula Valisneriana, Wils. Canvass Back Duck

397. 2. Fuligula Ferina, Linn. Red-headed Duck. – Dos-gris

398. 3. Fuligula Marila, Linn. Scaup Duck. – Flocking Fowl

399. 4. Fuligula rufitorques, Bonap. Ring-necked Duck

400. 5. Fuligula rubida, Wils. Ruddy Duck

401. 6. Fuligula Labradora, Lath. Pied Duck

402. 7. Fuligula fusca, Linn. Velvet Duck

403. 8. Fuligula perspicillata, Linn. Surf Duck

404. 9. Fuligula Americana, Swains. American Scoter Duck

405. 10. Fuligula spectabilis, Linn. King Duck

406. 11. Fuligula mollissima, Linn. Eider Duck

407. 12. Fuligula Clangula, Linn. Golden-eye Duck

408. 13. Fuligula dispar, Gmel. Western Duck

409. 14. Fuligula Albeola, Linn. Buffel-headed Duck. – Spirit Duck. Butter-box. Dipper. Die-dipper. Marrionette

410. 15. Fuligula histrionica, Linn. Harlequin Duck

411. 16. Fuligula glacialis, Linn. Long-tailed Duck

FAMILY XL. MERGINÆ. MERGANSERS

GENUS I. MERGUS, Linn. MERGANSER

412. 1. Mergus Merganser, Linn. Buff-breasted Merganser or Goosander

413. 2. Mergus Serrator, Linn. Red-breasted Merganser

414. 3. Mergus cucullatus, Linn. Hooded Merganser

415. 4. Mergus Albellus, Linn. White Merganser. – Smew. White Nun

FAMILY XLI. PELECANINÆ. PELICANS

GENUS I. PHALACROCORAX, Briss. CORMORANT

416. 1. Phalacrocorax Carbo, Linn. Great Cormorant

417. 2. Phalacrocorax dilophus, Swains. Double-crested Cormorant

418. 3. Phalacrocorax Floridanus, Aud. Florida Cormorant

419. 4. Phalacrocorax Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Cormorant

420. 5. Phalacrocorax resplendens, Aud. Violet-green Cormorant

GENUS II. PLOTUS, Linn. ANHINGA

421. 1. Plotus anhinga, Linn. American Anhinga. – Snake-Bird

GENUS III. TACHYPETES, Vieill. FRIGATE BIRD

422. 1. Tachypetes Aquilus, Linn. Frigate-Bird. – Man-of-war Bird

GENUS IV. PELECANUS, Linn. PELICAN

423. 1. Pelecanus Americanus, Aud. American White Pelican

424. 2. Pelecanus fuscus, Linn. Brown Pelican

GENUS V. SULA, Briss. GANNET

425. 1. Sula Bassana, Linn. Common Gannet

426. 2. Sula fusca, Linn. Booby Gannet

GENUS VI. PHAETON, Linn. TROPIC BIRD

427. 1. Phaeton æthereus, Linn. Common Tropic Bird

FAMILY XLII. LARINÆ. GULLS

GENUS I. RHYNCHOPS, Linn. SKIMMER

428. 1. Rhynchops nigra, Linn. Black Skimmer

GENUS II. STERNA, Linn. TERN

429. 1. Sterna Cayana, Lath. Cayenne Tern

430. 2. Sterna Anglica, Montagu. Gull-billed Tern. – Marsh Tern

431. 3. Sterna Cantiaca, Gmel. Sandwich Tern

432. 4. Sterna fuliginosa, Lath. Sooty Tern

433. 5. Sterna Hirundo, Linn. Common Tern

434. 6. Sterna Havellii, Aud. Havell's Tern

435. 7. Sterna Trudeaui, Aud. Trudeau's Tern

436. 8. Sterna arctica, Temm. Arctic Tern

437. 9. Sterna Dougallii, Mont. Roseate Tern

438. 10. Sterna nigra, Linn. Black Tern

439. 11. Sterna minuta, Linn. Least Tern

440. 12. Sterna stolida, Linn. Noddy Tern

GENUS III. LARUS, Linn. GULL

441. 1. Larus Sabini, Sabine. Fork-tailed Gull

442. 2. Larus Rossii, Richardson. Ross's Gull

443. 3. Larus Bonapartii, Richardson. Bonaparte's Gull

444. 4. Larus Atricilla, Linn. Black-headed Gull. – Laughing Gull

445. 5. Larus Franklinii, Richardson. Franklin's Rosy Gull

446. 6. Larus tridactylus, Linn. Kittiwake Gull

447. 7. Larus eburneus, Gmel. Ivory Gull

448. 8. Larus zonorhynchus, Richardson. Ring-billed Gull. – Common American Gull

449. 9. Larus leucopterus, Fabr. White-winged Silvery Gull

450. 10. Larus occidentalis, Aud. Western Gull

451. 11. Larus argentatus, Brunnich. Herring or Silvery Gull

452. 12. Larus glaucus, Brunn. Glaucous Gull. – Burgomaster

453. 13. Larus marinus, Linn. Great Black-backed Gull

FAMILY XLIII. PROCELLARINÆ. FULMARS

GENUS I. LESTRIS, Illiger. JAGER

454. 1. Lestris pomarinus, Temm. Pomarine Jager

455. 2. Lestris Richardsonii, Swains. Richardson's Jager

456. 3. Lestris parasiticus, Linn. Arctic Jager

GENUS II. DIOMEDEA, Linn. ALBATROSS

457. 1. Diomedea chlororhynchos, Gmel. Yellow-nosed Albatross

458. 3. Diomedea nigripes, Aud. Black-footed Albatross

459. 2. Diomedea fusca, Aud. Dusky Albatross

GENUS III. PROCELLARIA, Linn. FULMAR

460. 1. Procellaria gigantea, Linn. Gigantic Fulmar

461. 2. Procellaria glacialis, Linn. Common Fulmar

462. 3. Procellaria pacifica, Aud. Pacific Fulmar

463. 4. Procellaria tenuirostris, Aud. Slender-billed Fulmar

GENUS IV. PUFFINUS, Briss. SHEARWATER

464. 1. Puffinus cinereus, Lath. Wandering Shearwater

465. 2. Puffinus Anglorum, Ray. Manks Shearwater

466. 3. Puffinus obscurus, Lath. Dusky Shearwater

GENUS V. THALASSIDROMA, Vigors. PETREL

467. 1. Thalassidroma Leachii, Temm. Leach's Petrel. – Fork-tailed Petrel

468. 2. Thalassidroma Wilsonii, Bonap. Wilson's Petrel. – Mother Carey's Chicken

469. 3. Thalassidroma pelagica, Linn. Least Petrel. – Mother Carey's Chicken

FAMILY XLIV. ALCINÆ. AUKS

GENUS I. MORMON, Illiger. PUFFIN

470. 1. Mormon cirrhatus, Lath. Tufted Puffin

471. 2. Mormon glacialis, Leach. Large-billed Puffin

472. 3. Mormon Arcticus, Linn. Common or Arctic Puffin

GENUS. II. ALCA, Linn. AUK

473. 1. Alca impennis, Linn. Great Auk

474. 2. Alca Torda, Linn. Razor-billed Auk

GENUS III. PHALERIS, Temm. PHALERIS

475. 1. Phaleris cristatella, Gmel. Curled-crested Phaleris

476. 2. Phaleris nodirostris, Bonap. Knobbed-billed Phaleris

GENUS IV. MERGULUS, Ray. SEA-DOVE

477. 1. Mergulus Alle, Linn. Common Sea-Dove

GENUS V. URIA, Lath. GUILLEMOT

478. 1. Uria antiqua, Gmel. Black-throated Guillemot

479. 2. Uria occidentalis, Bonap. Horned-billed Guillemot

480. 3. Uria Brunnichii, Sabine. Large-billed Guillemot

481. 4. Uria Troile, Linn. Foolish Guillemot. Murre

482. 5. Uria Grylle, Linn. Black Guillemot

483. 4. Uria Townsendii, Aud. Slender-billed Guillemot

FAMILY XLV. COLYMBINÆ. DIVERS AND GREBES

GENUS I. COLYMBUS, Linn. DIVER

484. 1. Colymbus glacialis, Linn. Great Northern Diver. – Loon

485. 2. Colymbus arcticus, Linn. Black-throated Diver

486. 3. Colymbus septentrionalis, Linn. Red-throated Diver

GENUS II. PODICEPS, Lath. GREBE

487. 1. Podiceps cristatus, Lath. Crested Grebe

488. 2. Podiceps rubricollis, Lath. Red-necked Grebe

489. 3. Podiceps cornutus, Linn. Horned Grebe

490. 4. Podiceps auritus, Lath. Eared Grebe

491. 5. Podiceps Carolinensis, Lath. Pied-billed Dobchick

Отрывок из книги

Bill of moderate length, stout, cerate; upper mandible with the tip elongated and decurved; lower mandible rounded and thin-edged at the end. Head rather small, or of moderate size, ovato-oblong, and with part of the neck destitute of feathers. Eyes of moderate size, without projecting ridges. External aperture of ears rather small and simple. Skin over the fore part of the neck bare or merely downy. Tarsus rather stout, bare, and shorter than the middle toe; hind toe much smaller than the second; anterior toes connected at the base by a web; claws large, moderately curved, rather acute. Plumage full and rather compact. Wings very long, subacuminate. Œsophagus excessively wide, and dilated into a crop; stomach rather large, somewhat muscular, with a soft rugous epithelium; intestine of moderate length and width; cœca extremely small. The young when fledged have the head and upper part of the neck generally covered with down. Eggs commonly two.

Bill of moderate length, rather slender, somewhat compressed; upper mandible with its dorsal outline nearly straight and declinate to the end of the large cere, then decurved, the edges a little festooned, rather thick, the tip descending and rather obtuse; lower mandible with the angle long and rather narrow, the dorsal line ascending and slightly convex, the back broad, the edges sharp, towards the end decurved. Nostrils oblong, large, pervious. Head oblong. Tongue deeply concave or induplicate, its edges serrate with reversed papillæ. Œsophagus dilated into an enormous crop; stomach moderately muscular; duodenum convoluted. Head and upper part of neck denuded, being only sparingly covered with very short down. Wings very long and extremely broad; third, fourth, and fifth primaries longest, first much shorter. Tail of moderate length, nearly even. Tarsus short, rather stout, roundish, reticulate. Hind toe very small, second a little shorter than fourth, third very long, all scutellate for more than half their length. Claws strong, arched, compressed, obtuse.

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Adult male dark bluish-grey above, the tail with four broad bands of blackish-brown, the upper part of the head greyish-black; a white band, with black lines, over the eyes; lower parts white, narrowly barred with grey, and longitudinally streaked with dark brown. Young brown above, the feathers edged with reddish-white, the head and hind neck pale red, streaked with blackish-brown, the lower parts yellowish-white, with oblong longitudinal dark brown spots.

Male, 24, 47.

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