Modern Painters
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John Ruskin. Modern Painters
Modern Painters
Table of Contents
Volume 1
Table of Contents
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
PREFACE TO NEW EDITION (1873)
PART I. OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES
SECTION I. OF THE NATURE OF THE IDEAS CONVEYABLE BY ART
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER II. DEFINITION OF GREATNESS IN ART
CHAPTER III. OF IDEAS OF POWER
CHAPTER IV. OF IDEAS OF IMITATION
CHAPTER V. OF IDEAS OF TRUTH
CHAPTER VI. OF IDEAS OF BEAUTY
CHAPTER VII. OF IDEAS OF RELATION
SECTION II. OF POWER
CHAPTER I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES RESPECTING IDEAS OF POWER
CHAPTER II. OF IDEAS OF POWER, AS THEY ARE DEPENDENT UPON EXECUTION
CHAPTER III. OF THE SUBLIME
PART II. OF TRUTH
SECTION I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES RESPECTING IDEAS OF TRUTH
CHAPTER I. OF IDEAS OF TRUTH IN THEIR CONNECTION WITH THOSE OF. BEAUTY AND RELATION
CHAPTER II. THAT THE TRUTH OF NATURE IS NOT TO BE DISCERNED BY. THE UNEDUCATED SENSES
CHAPTER III. OF THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TRUTHS:—FIRST, THAT. PARTICULAR TRUTHS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN GENERAL. ONES
CHAPTER IV. OF THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TRUTHS:—SECONDLY, THAT. RARE TRUTHS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN FREQUENT ONES
CHAPTER V. OF THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TRUTHS:—THIRDLY, THAT. TRUTHS OF COLOR ARE THE LEAST IMPORTANT OF ALL TRUTHS
CHAPTER VI. RECAPITULATION
CHAPTER VII. GENERAL APPLICATION OF THE FOREGOING PRINCIPLES
SECTION II. OF GENERAL TRUTHS
CHAPTER I. OF TRUTH OF TONE
CHAPTER II. OF TRUTH OF COLOR
CHAPTER III. OF TRUTH OF CHIAROSCURO
CHAPTER IV. OF TRUTH OF SPACE:—FIRST AS DEPENDENT ON THE FOCUS. OF THE EYE.23
CHAPTER V. OF TRUTH OF SPACE:—SECONDLY, AS ITS APPEARANCE IS. DEPENDENT ON THE POWER OF THE EYE
SECTION III. OF TRUTH OF SKIES
CHAPTER I. OF THE OPEN SKY
CHAPTER II. OF TRUTH OF CLOUDS:—FIRST, OF THE REGION OF THE CIRRUS
CHAPTER III. OF TRUTH OF CLOUDS:—SECONDLY, OF THE CENTRAL CLOUD. REGION
CHAPTER IV. OF TRUTH OF CLOUDS: THIRDLY, OF THE REGION OF THE. RAIN-CLOUD
CHAPTER V. EFFECTS OF LIGHT RENDERED BY MODERN ART
SECTION IV. OF TRUTH OF EARTH
CHAPTER I. OF GENERAL STRUCTURE
CHAPTER II. OF THE CENTRAL MOUNTAINS
CHAPTER III. OF THE INFERIOR MOUNTAINS
CHAPTER IV. OF THE FOREGROUND
SECTION V. OF TRUTH OF WATER
CHAPTER I. OF WATER, AS PAINTED BY THE ANCIENTS
CHAPTER II. OF WATER, AS PAINTED BY THE MODERNS
CHAPTER III. OF WATER, AS PAINTED BY TURNER
SECTION VI. OF TRUTH OF VEGETATION.—CONCLUSION
CHAPTER I. OF TRUTH OF VEGETATION
CHAPTER II. GENERAL REMARKS RESPECTING THE TRUTH OF TURNER
CHAPTER III. CONCLUSION.—MODERN ART AND MODERN CRITICISM
POSTSCRIPT
Volume 2
Table of Contents
PART III. OF IDEAS OF BEAUTY
SECTION I. OF THE THEORETIC FACULTY
CHAPTER I. OF THE RANK AND RELATIONS OF THE THEORETIC FACULTY
CHAPTER II. OF THE THEORETIC FACULTY AS CONCERNED WITH PLEASURES OF SENSE
CHAPTER III. OF ACCURACY AND INACCURACY IN IMPRESSIONS OF SENSE
CHAPTER IV. OF FALSE OPINIONS HELD CONCERNING BEAUTY
CHAPTER V. OF TYPICAL BEAUTY:—FIRST, OF INFINITY, OR THE TYPE OF DIVINE INCOMPREHENSIBILITY
CHAPTER VI. OF UNITY, OR THE TYPE OF THE DIVINE COMPREHENSIVENESS
CHAPTER VII. OF REPOSE, OR THE TYPE OF DIVINE PERMANENCE
CHAPTER VIII. OF SYMMETRY, OR THE TYPE OF DIVINE JUSTICE
CHAPTER IX. OF PURITY, OR THE TYPE OF DIVINE ENERGY
CHAPTER X. OF MODERATION, OR THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT BY LAW
CHAPTER XI. GENERAL INFERENCES RESPECTING TYPICAL BEAUTY
CHAPTER XII. OF VITAL BEAUTY. FIRST, AS RELATIVE
CHAPTER XIII. OF VITAL BEAUTY.—SECONDLY AS GENERIC
CHAPTER XIV. OF VITAL BEAUTY.—THIRDLY, IN MAN
CHAPTER XV. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS RESPECTING THE THEORETIC FACULTY
SECTION II. OF THE IMAGINATIVE FACULTY
CHAPTER I. OF THE THREE FORMS OF IMAGINATION
CHAPTER II. OF IMAGINATION ASSOCIATIVE
CHAPTER III. OF IMAGINATION PENETRATIVE
CHAPTER IV. OF IMAGINATION CONTEMPLATIVE
CHAPTER V. OF THE SUPERHUMAN IDEAL
ADDENDA
Volume 3
Table of Contents
PART IV. OF MANY THINGS
PREFACE
CHAPTER I. OF THE RECEIVED OPINIONS TOUCHING THE "GRAND STYLE."
CHAPTER II. OF REALIZATION
CHAPTER III. OF THE REAL NATURE OF GREATNESS OF STYLE
CHAPTER IV. OF THE FALSE IDEAL:—FIRST, RELIGIOUS
CHAPTER V. OF THE FALSE IDEAL:—SECONDLY, PROFANE
CHAPTER VI. OF THE TRUE IDEAL:—FIRST, PURIST
CHAPTER VII. OF THE TRUE IDEAL:—SECONDLY, NATURALIST
CHAPTER VIII. OF THE TRUE IDEAL: THIRDLY, GROTESQUE
CHAPTER IX. OF FINISH
CHAPTER X. OF THE USE OF PICTURES
CHAPTER XI. OF THE NOVELTY OF LANDSCAPE
CHAPTER XII. OF THE PATHETIC FALLACY
CHAPTER XIII. OF CLASSICAL LANDSCAPE
CHAPTER XIV. OF MEDIÆVAL LANDSCAPE:—FIRST, THE FIELDS
CHAPTER XV. OF MEDIÆVAL LANDSCAPE:—SECONDLY, THE ROCKS
CHAPTER XVI. OF MODERN LANDSCAPE
CHAPTER XVII. THE MORAL OF LANDSCAPE
CHAPTER XVIII. OF THE TEACHERS OF TURNER
APPENDIX
I. Claude's Tree-drawing
II. German Philosophy
III. Plagiarism
Volume 4
Table of Contents
PREFACE
PART V. OF MOUNTAIN BEAUTY
CHAPTER I. OF THE TURNERIAN PICTURESQUE
CHAPTER II. OF TURNERIAN TOPOGRAPHY
CHAPTER III. OF TURNERIAN LIGHT
CHAPTER IV. OF TURNERIAN MYSTERY:—FIRST, AS ESSENTIAL
CHAPTER V. OF TURNERIAN MYSTERY:—SECONDLY, WILFUL
CHAPTER VI. THE FIRMAMENT
CHAPTER VII. THE DRY LAND
CHAPTER VIII. OF THE MATERIALS OF MOUNTAINS:—FIRST, COMPACT CRYSTALLINES
CHAPTER IX. OF THE MATERIALS OF MOUNTAINS:—SECONDLY, SLATY CRYSTALLINES
CHAPTER X. OF THE MATERIALS OF MOUNTAINS:—THIRDLY, SLATY COHERENTS
CHAPTER XI. OF THE MATERIALS OF MOUNTAINS:—FOURTHLY, COMPACT COHERENTS
CHAPTER XII. ON THE SCULPTURE OF MOUNTAINS:—FIRST, THE LATERAL RANGES
CHAPTER XIII. OF THE SCULPTURE OF MOUNTAINS:—SECONDLY, THE CENTRAL PEAKS
CHAPTER XIV. RESULTING FORMS:—FIRST, AIGUILLES
CHAPTER XV. RESULTING FORMS:—SECONDLY, CRESTS
CHAPTER XVI. RESULTING FORMS:—THIRDLY, PRECIPICES
CHAPTER XVII. RESULTING FORMS:—FOURTHLY, BANKS
CHAPTER XVIII. RESULTING FORMS:—FIFTHLY, STONES
CHAPTER XIX. THE MOUNTAIN GLOOM
CHAPTER XX. THE MOUNTAIN GLORY
APPENDIX
I. Modern Grotesque
II. Rock Cleavage
III. Logical Education
Volume 5
Table of Contents
PREFACE
PART VI. OF LEAF BEAUTY
CHAPTER I. THE EARTH-VEIL
CHAPTER II. THE LEAF ORDERS
CHAPTER III. THE BUD
CHAPTER IV. THE LEAF
CHAPTER V. LEAF ASPECTS
CHAPTER VI. THE BRANCH
CHAPTER VII. THE STEM
CHAPTER VIII. THE LEAF MONUMENTS
CHAPTER IX. THE LEAF SHADOWS
CHAPTER X. LEAVES MOTIONLESS
PART VII. OF CLOUD BEAUTY
CHAPTER I. THE CLOUD-BALANCINGS
CHAPTER II. THE CLOUD-FLOCKS
CHAPTER III. THE CLOUD-CHARIOTS
CHAPTER IV. THE ANGEL OF THE SEA
PART VIII. OF IDEAS OF RELATION:—FIRST, OF INVENTION FORMAL
CHAPTER I. THE LAW OF HELP
CHAPTER II. THE TASK OF THE LEAST
CHAPTER III. THE RULE OF THE GREATEST
CHAPTER IV. THE LAW OF PERFECTNESS
PART IX. OF IDEAS OF RELATION:—II. OF INVENTION SPIRITUAL
CHAPTER I. THE DARK MIRROR
CHAPTER II. THE LANCE OF PALLAS
CHAPTER III. THE WINGS OF THE LION
CHAPTER IV. DURER AND SALVATOR
CHAPTER V. CLAUDE AND POUSSIN
CHAPTER VI. RUBENS AND CUYP
CHAPTER VII. OF VULGARITY
CHAPTER VIII. WOUVERMANS AND ANGELICO
CHAPTER IX. THE TWO BOYHOODS
CHAPTER X. THE NEREID’S GUARD
CHAPTER XI. THE HESPERID ÆGLÉ
CHAPTER XII. PEACE
Отрывок из книги
John Ruskin
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Thus I conceive that all buildings dependent on color, whether of mosaic or painting, have their effect improved by the richness of the subsequent tones of age; for there are few arrangements of color so perfect but that they are capable of improvement by some softening and blending of this kind: with mosaic, the improvement may be considered as proceeding almost so long as the design can be distinctly seen; with painting, so long as the colors do not change or chip off.
Again, upon all forms of sculptural ornament, the effect of time is such, that if the design be poor, it will enrich it; if overcharged, simplify it; if harsh and violent, soften it; if smooth and obscure, exhibit it; whatever faults it may have are rapidly disguised, whatever virtue it has still shines and steals out in the mellow light; and this to such an extent, that the artist is always liable to be tempted to the drawing of details in old buildings as of extreme beauty, which look cold and hard in their architectural lines; and I have never yet seen any restoration or cleaned portion of a building whose effect was not inferior to the weathered parts, even to those of which the design had in some parts almost disappeared. On the front of the church of San Michele at Lucca, the mosaics have fallen out of half the columns, and lie in weedy ruin beneath; in many, the frost has torn large masses of the entire coating away, leaving a scarred unsightly surface. Two of the shafts of the upper star window are eaten entirely away by the sea wind, the rest have lost their proportions, the edges of the arches are hacked into deep hollows, and cast indented shadows on the weed-grown wall. The process has gone too far, and yet I doubt not but that this building is seen to greater advantage now than when first built, always with exception of one circumstance, that the French shattered the lower wheel window, and set up in front of it an escutcheon with "Libertas" upon it, which abomination of desolation, the Lucchese have not yet had human-heartedness enough to pull down.
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