Calcio: A History of Italian Football
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John Foot. Calcio: A History of Italian Football
Calcio
John Foot
Author’s Note
Table of Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 Calcio and Football. Origins and Early History: 1880–1929. The first kicks
Pioneers
James Richardson Spensley
The first championship
Paleo-calcio. Rules, Managers, Foreigners, Sundays
Spensley and the Reign of Genoa, 1898–1904
The big teams are born. Juventus, Milan, Internazionale, Torino
L’Italia. The National Team and the Reading Tour
Calcio and World War One
Running the Game. The Italian Football Federations. Splits and Reunions
Violence and Fans. The early years
Revolution. Viareggio’s ‘red days’ of 1920
Early Games. Ropes, Nets and Fields
Amateurs and Professionals
The first manager. The odyssey of William Garbutt
Fans and History
From Lions to bankruptcy. The rise and fall of Pro Vercelli
The First Scandal. The Rosetta Case
Fascism and Football
The first ‘theft’. Bologna, Genoa and the 1925 playoff final
The referees’ strike of 1925 and the first ‘suspicions’
The Viareggio Charter. Calcio’s constitution
The inauguration which changed Italy
Calcio and Italian capitalism
From calcio to football. A mass sport is born
CHAPTER 2 The Referee
Hunt the Ref! Akkiappa L’Arbitro!
Referees as a ‘virtuous minority’
Rules, Laws and the Italian Referee
Corruption, Suspicion, Legitimation
‘Psychological slavery’. Big and small clubs
Choosing Referees. ‘Designators’, Draws, Secrets
Watchgate
Bribing Referees. Cheques and more watches
At the sharp end. Violence against referees
Legnano-Bologna, February 1952
The Prince of Referees. Concetto Lo Bello
Duce, Duce! Fiorentina-Cagliari. Serie A. 12 October 1969
White Riot! Naples 1955; Livorno 1967
Trial by Slow-Motion. Italian Referees and the Moviola
The Great Robberies. Penalties, Disallowed Goals, Sendings-off
Maurizio Turone’s disallowed ‘goal’. Juventus versus Roma. Turin, 10 May 1981
Fiorentina and Juventus. Last day of the championship. 16 May 1982
‘The Great Thievery’. Inter versus Juventus 1998
Fair Play? Luciano Gaucci and Jay Bothroyd, Perugia 2004
Breaking the Mould? Pierluigi Collina
CHAPTER 3 Teams and Cities: Turin. The Old Lady. Juventus
Calamity. Superga. 4 May 1949
Superga. Football tragedy as a shrine, or as a tourist attraction? 1949–2004
The Myth
The Filadelfia Story. From Fortress to Ruin
The Filadelfia Story. Reconstruction, Promises, Ruins
CHAPTER 4 Teams and Cities: Milan, Rome, Genoa, Florence, Naples. Milan. Moral Capital and Football Capital
Internazionale
Great Inter (Grande Inter)
Not so Great Inter. You Never Win! The psychodrama of the Interisti since 1989
A New Great Inter? The scandal and the rebirth of the blue-and-blacks, 2006–7
Milan. From humiliation to domination
Rome. Occasional football capital
Genoa. On the Margins
Florence. Purple Pride
The Provinces. Bologna, Cagliari, Verona
Naples. The Longest Wait
The King. Maradona and Napoli. 1984–1991
Napoli’s success and DAMM
The Party. 1987
Drugs, scandals and the end of the Maradona fable
After Maradona. The long decline of Napoli
Disintegration
CHAPTER 5 At the Back. Defenders and Defensive Football in Italy. The Defensive Mentality
Catenaccio. Football, Italian style
Real catenaccio. From Switzerland to Italy
Real catenaccio in Italy. Gipo Viani and beyond
Sweepers Old and New. The Great Inter and beyond
Stoppers. Man-Marking
The Defender who Survived. Sauro Tomà
The own-goal specialist. Comunardo Niccolai
Water carriers and ‘destroyers of the play’
CHAPTER 6 Players. Directors and Fantasisti. Midfield Directors
Gianni Rivera. Golden Boy, Abatino, Genius? (1943-)
Tragedy of a Director. Agostino Di Bartolomei (1955–1994)
Attacking midfielders. The Mazzola dynasty Valentino Mazzola (1919–1949)
Little Sandro. Sandro Mazzola (1942-)
Dribbling, skill, vision. The Fantasisti
The one-legged player. Mario Corso (1941-)
Football’s James Dean. Gigi Meroni (1943–1967)
Roberto Baggio. God has a Ponytail. (1967-)
Francesco Totti. King of Rome (1976-)
Gianfranco Zola. From Sardinia to Sardinia (1966-)
CHAPTER 7 Goalscorers
The Greatest? Giuseppe Meazza (1910–1979)
The quiet goal machine. Silvio Piola (1913–1996)
Other strikers. Target men and tricky forwards
Thunder. Gigi Riva (1944-)
Paolo Rossi. ‘I made Brazil cry’ (1956-)
Other Strikers. From Paolo Pulici to Luca Toni
CHAPTER 8 Managers, Tactics, Fixers
Managing the Grande Torino. The tragedy of Egri Erbstein
The Wizard (Il mago). Helenio Herrera
Nereo Rocco. The God of Catenaccio
Total Football
Arrigo Sacchi and the rise of the zone, Italian-style
The Old Breed I. Rocco’s Heir, Trapattoni
The Old Breed II. Bagnoli and Boskov
The New Breed. Lippi and Capello
CHAPTER 9 Scandals
Fixing Matches I. Settling for a draw
Fixing Matches II. Agreeing on a result
The exaltation of cheating
The Mother of all Scandals. Torino and the ‘missing championship’, 1926–1927
The Golden Fix
Betting in Italy. Totocalcio, Totonero and the iron hand of the state
The Mother and Father of all Scandals? Calcioscommesse and Totonero. 19807
Lightgate. Marseille-Milan, 1991
Sexygate. Lucky Luciano
The Horse, the Referee and the President. Perugia, 1993 and beyond
Doping
The Bologna case and the playoff. 1964
Zemangate and the Guariniello inquiry. Juventus on trial
Ci Risiamo – Here we go again. The latest betting scandal, 2003–2004 season
The Great Italian Football Scandal. May-July 2006
Massimo De Santis. The referee at the centre of the system
Reaction to the scandal
Calciopoli II
CHAPTER 10 The Media
The Press
Journalists. From Gianni Brera to Antonio Ghirelli2
Commentators. Radio and TV
Re-inventing football coverage and subverting the genre. From Bar Sport to Mai Dire Gol
Quelli che il calcio…
Pure Satire. Cuore Mundial
Stickers. The Panini Phenomenon
Local Television. Telelombardia and Sports Coverage
Football Chat
Football and TV. The State (1954–1980)
Programmes. Sporting Sunday and 90th minute
Fans, Spectators, Audiences and Crowd. The football-TV experience
Pirate TV. Berlusconi and Televised Football
Poets, film-makers, writers. Pier Paolo Pasolini and the poetry of Football
Italian cinema and Italian football
CHAPTER 11 Fans, Supporters, Ultrà
Sick! The Birth of a Word
A Civic Religion?
From the Armchair to the Curva
The ultrà. The fanatics get organized
Racism and Italian football. North and South. Viva Etna!
Other Racisms
Againstism. Gufare!
Choreographies
Protest. Fans on strike
Local Stories. Venice, Mestre and Veneziamestre
Conclusions. The ultrà and fanaticism
CHAPTER 12 Murder, Massacre, Normality: Calcio and Violence since 1945
Murder. Vincenzo Paparelli. Rome. Olympic Stadium. 28.10.1979
Massacre. Heysel. 29 May 1985
Preamble. Memories of a Massacre
The TV coverage10
Who was to Blame?
Roma 1984
The smemorato (loss-of-memory man) of Heysel
Endgame
Attack. Brescia, 20.11.1994
Murder. Claudio Spagnolo. Genoa, 29 January 1995
Reactions. Police and Fans
The Train of death. Piacenza-Salerno, 24 May 1999
Assorted Violence: Refereeing Decisions, Sales of Players, Bombs
Organized Chaos? The Mystery of the Rome derby 2004
Violence on and off the Pitch. 2000–2007
Violence amongst players. The story of Francesco Bertolotti
Footballing Violence
The Death of Calcio? Catania. 2007
Conclusion. The normality of violence
CHAPTER 13 Power and Politics
Football and the Politics of the Frontier. Trieste
Right-wingers in Football. The Commander. Achille Lauro and Napoli
Armed and Dangerous. The Lazio team of the 1970s
Silvio Berlusconi. Football takes power
Left-wingers. Football and Civil War. The Partisan Footballer, Bruno Neri
1968. Footballers get organized
The Footballer as revolutionary. Paolo Sollier
The most left-wing fans in the world? Livorno
CHAPTER 14 Foreigners. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. From Orsi to Gazza. South Americans as Italians, Italians as South Americans
Stories. Foreign players in Italy since 1945. From Genius to Rubbish. Antonio Valentin Angelillo: the ‘angel with the dirty face’ and the unbeatable goal record
Omar Sivori. Dribble-mad and out of control
The English, the Scottish, the Irish and the Welsh
The Gentle Giant. John Charles
Greavsie in Italy. 1961
From boom to crash. Denis Law and Joe Baker in Turin, 1961–62
Luther Blissett. From super-bidone to agent-saboteur
NEGATIVE HEROES. Luther Blissett and the refusal to work
Mark Hateley, Attila the Hun and the Leap of God
A Foreign Country. Ian Rush at Juventus, 1987–1988
Other British and Irish Players in Italy. Wilkins, Platt, Brady, Elliot, Rideout, Firmani, Hitchens, Cowans
Gazza in Italy. King of the Bidoni?
Other Bidoni. The 1980s and 1990s boom
Postscript. Pretending to be foreigners, pretending to be Italians. Passport and other scandals
CHAPTER 15 Italia – La Nazionale. The National Team. Italia and L’Italia
The glorious 1930s and Vittorio Pozzo
Italy and international tournaments. The endless polemic
Love-Hate. Games with England
Superga Psychosis? The disastrous 1950s
The Battle of Belfast
The Oriundi and the National Team since 1945
The ‘Battle of Santiago’. Chile. 1962
1966. Korea! Korea!
Tomatoes and drugs. Edmondo Fabbri and the Conspiracy Theory
The Greatest Match of all Time? Italy-Germany 4–3. World Cup semi-final, 1970
The World Cup of the ‘Chinagliate’. 1974. West Germany
Argentina 1978. Third Place with the Generals
Italy-Brazil. 3–2. 5.7.1982. Barcelona
1986. Decline of a Great Team
1990. Maradona’s Revenge
1994. ‘God Exists!’ Sacchi and Baggio
Back to catenaccio? The Maldini reign. 1996–1998
Fifteen seconds from glory. Dino Zoff. 1998–2000
Again 1966? Trapattoni and the Korean nightmare. 2000–2004
The spit and the Scandinavian Fix. 2002–2004
The Agony and the Ecstasy. Germany 2006
Calciopoli and the World Cup
CONCLUSION. Money, Money, Money. Cràc!
Administrative Doping
Plus-valenze. Added Value and Creative Accounting
L’inferno (hell)
NOTES. Preface
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Conclusion
Glossary
GLOSSARY. A brief guide to some key Italian football terms, usages and personalities1
APPENDIX. Rules regarding foreign players in Italian football
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
About the Author
Praise
Copyright
About the Publisher
Отрывок из книги
A History of Italian Football
Title Page
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Arms were seized (including at least 100 rifles) and the railway lines blocked. The crowd surrounded the barracks and tried to get hold of the man who had shot the linesman. Barricades went up and telephone and electricity lines were cut. Viareggio was isolated, and in the hands of local subversives. Anarchists from local towns arrived on the scene: it felt and looked like a revolution. Three military columns were soon dispatched to quell the protests, some by sea. With some difficulty, and only after a couple of days, 200 soldiers took control. The taking of the town by local subversives entered into local mythology as Viareggio’s ‘red days’.
Football tried to draw a veil over the events of 1920. In 1921 a ‘Peace Match’ was organized in Viareggio and passed off without incident. However, in the 1921–22 season, violence was again on the agenda. Viareggio won the first derby, but the Lucca fans attributed their defeat to the intimidating atmosphere in the stadium which revived unhappy memories of 1920’s riots. The return match, in the claustrophobic city of Lucca, was extremely tense. Viareggio’s fans were escorted by the police, and after losing 2–0 they proceeded to smash up (according to the version provided by Lucca fans) anything they could find. Here politics, local rivalries (the Tuscan derbies, and in particular Pisa-Livorno, are perhaps the most emotional of all Italian derbies) and the social upheavals of the time, allied to protests against match officials, combined to produce an explosive situation.
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