The Life of William Ewart Gladstone

The Life of William Ewart Gladstone
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Описание книги

This book is a 3-volume record of life and work of one of Britain's greatest leaders of all times William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898). Gladstone was a British statesman and Liberal politician who, in a career lasting over 60 years, served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four terms beginning in 1868 and ending in 1894. He also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer four times, serving over 12 years. Gladstone's own political doctrine – which emphasized equality of opportunity and opposition to trade protectionism – came to be known as Gladstonian liberalism. His popularity amongst the working-class earned him the sobriquet «The People's William». In 1868, Gladstone became Prime Minister for the first time. Many reforms were passed during his first ministry, including the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland and the introduction of secret voting. After electoral defeat in 1874, Gladstone resigned as leader of the Liberal Party. After the 1880 general election, Gladstone formed his second ministry (1880-1885), which saw the passage of the Third Reform Act as well as crises in Egypt and Ireland, where his government passed repressive measures but also improved the legal rights of Irish tenant farmers. Back in office in early 1886, Gladstone proposed home rule for Ireland but was defeated in the House of Commons. The resulting split in the Liberal Party helped keep them out of office – with one short break – for 20 years. Gladstone formed his last government in 1892, at the age of 82. The Government of Ireland Bill 1893 passed through the Commons but was defeated in the House of Lords in 1893. Gladstone left office in March 1894, aged 84, as both the oldest person to serve as Prime Minister and the only Prime Minister to have served four terms.



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John Morley. The Life of William Ewart Gladstone

The Life of William Ewart Gladstone

Table of Contents

VOLUME 1

NOTE

BOOK I. 1809-1831. INTRODUCTORY

CHAPTER I. CHILDHOOD

II. GENEALOGY

III. JOHN GLADSTONE AS SLAVEHOLDER

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER II. ETON

II. DEBATING SOCIETY

III. FRIENDS

IV. AT WILMSLOW

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER III. OXFORD

II. OXFORD FRIENDSHIPS

III. TRIES FOR THE IRELAND SCHOLARSHIP

IV

V. READING FOR THE SCHOOLS

VI. THOUGHTS ON FUTURE PROFESSION

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER I. ENTERS PARLIAMENT

II. OFFER OF A SEAT

III

IV. HOUSE OF COMMONS

V. PURCHASE OF FASQUE

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER II. THE NEW CONSERVATISM AND OFFICE

II. CHANGE OF OFFICE

III. POSITION OF GOVERNMENT

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER III. PROGRESS IN PUBLIC LIFE

II. THE GENERAL ELECTION OF 1837

III

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER IV. THE CHURCH

II. HIS RELIGIOUS GROWTH

III. INFLUENCE OF FRIENDS AND BOOKS

IV. NEW IDEAS AND TENDENCIES

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER V. HIS FIRST BOOK

II. GOES ABROAD. BOOK PUBLISHED

III

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VI. CHARACTERISTICS

II. INTERNAL CONFLICT

III. ACTION HIS FIELD

IV. RELIGION THE MAINSPRING

V. MAXIMS OF ORDERED LIFE

VI. MENTAL GROWTH

VII. LIMITATIONS OF INTEREST

VIII. MINOR MORALS

IX. SPIRIT OF SUBMISSION

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VII. CLOSE OF APPRENTICESHIP

II. MARRIAGE

III

IV. NEW FISCAL POLICY

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VIII. PEEL'S GOVERNMENT

II. PEEL'S SLOW CONVERSION

III. THE NEW POLICY

IV

V

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER IX. MAYNOOTH

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER X. TRIUMPH OF POLICY AND FALL OF THE MINISTER

II. OUT OF PARLIAMENT

III. THE SESSION OF 1846

IV. FAREWELL INTERVIEW WITH PEEL

V

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER XI. THE TRACTARIAN CATASTROPHE

II

III. NEWMAN'S SECESSION

IV

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER I. MEMBER FOR OXFORD

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER II. THE HAWARDEN ESTATE

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER III. PARTY EVOLUTION—NEW COLONIAL POLICY

II. VIEWS OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

III. A PAINFUL INCIDENT

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER IV. DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PEEL

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER V. GORHAM CASE—SECESSION OF FRIENDS

II

III

IV

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VI. NAPLES

II. RETURN TO LONDON

III. THE TEMPORAL POWER

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VII. RELIGIOUS TORNADO—PEELITE DIFFICULTIES

II. BILL AGAINST ECCLESIASTICAL TITLES

III. FALL OF THE RUSSELL GOVERNMENT

IV. FIRST DERBY ADMINISTRATION

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VIII. END OF PROTECTION

II

III. OPENING SKIRMISHES

IV. MR. DISRAELI'S PROPOSALS

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER I. THE COALITION

II. OPPOSITION AT OXFORD

III

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER II. THE TRIUMPH OF 1853

II

III

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER III. THE CRIMEAN WAR

II. OTTOMANS AND THE WEST

III. THE BRITISH CABINET

IV. ENGLAND SLOWLY DRAWN IN

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER IV. OXFORD REFORM—OPEN CIVIL SERVICE

II. REPORT OF THE COMMISSION

III. ANOTHER FAR-REACHING CHANGE

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER V. WAR FINANCE—TAX OR LOAN

II. DISPUTE WITH THE BANK

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VI. CRISIS OF 1855 AND BREAK-UP OF THE PEELITES

I. LORD JOHN'S RESIGNATION

II. ERROR OF REFUSING LORD LANSDOWNE

III. FRUITLESS NEGOTIATIONS

IV

V. THE COMMITTEE REVIVED

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VII. POLITICAL ISOLATION

II. WORK ON HOMER

III. MEDITATIONS

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VIII. GENERAL ELECTION—NEW MARRIAGE LAW

II. SPEECH ON THE CHINA WAR

III. DIVORCE BILL

IV. DEATH OF LADY LYTTELTON

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER IX. THE SECOND DERBY GOVERNMENT

II. UNEASINESS OF FRIENDS

III. LETTER FROM MR. DISRAELI

IV. SUEZ CANAL

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER X. THE IONIAN ISLANDS

II. THE IONIAN CASE

III. THE STOLEN DESPATCH

IV

V

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER XI. JUNCTION WITH THE LIBERALS

II

III. PARTY SEVERANCE, NOT CHANGED PRINCIPLES

IV

FOOTNOTES:

APPENDIX. CHOICE OF PROFESSION

CHRONOLOGY394

FOOTNOTES:

VOLUME 2

Book V. 1859–1868

Chapter I. The Italian Revolution. (1859–1860)

I. Doctrine Of Nationality

II

Chapter II. The Great Budget. (1860–1861)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Chapter III. Battle For Economy. (1860–1862)

I

II

III

Chapter IV. The Spirit Of Gladstonian Finance. (1859–1866)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter V. American Civil War. (1861–1863)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter VI. Death Of Friends—Days At Balmoral. (1861–1884)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter VII. Garibaldi—Denmark. (1864)

I

II

III

Chapter VIII. Advance In Public Position And Otherwise. (1864)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter IX. Defeat At Oxford—Death Of Lord Palmerston—Parliamentary Leadership. (1865)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter X. Matters Ecclesiastical. (1864–1868)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter XI. Popular Estimates. (1868)

I

Chapter XII. Letters. (1859–1868)

Chapter XIII. Reform. (1866)

I

II

Chapter XIV. The Struggle For Household Suffrage. (1867)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter XV. Opening Of The Irish Campaign. (1868)

I

II

III

Chapter XVI. Prime Minister. (1868)

I

II

Book VI. 1869–1874

Chapter I. Religious Equality. (1869)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter II. First Chapter Of An Agrarian Revolution. (1870)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter III. Education—The Career And The Talents. (1870)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

Chapter IV. The Franco-German War. (1870)

I

II

III

Chapter V. Neutrality And Annexation. (1870)

I

II

III

Chapter VI. The Black Sea. (1870–1871)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter VII “Day's Work Of A Giant”. (1870–1872)

I

II

III

Chapter VIII. Autumn Of 1871. Decline Of Popularity. (1871–1872)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter IX. Washington And Geneva. (1870–1872)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter X. As Head Of A Cabinet. (1868–1874)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter XI. Catholic Country And Protestant Parliament. (1873)

I

II

III

Chapter XII. The Crisis. (1873)

I

II

Chapter XIII. Last Days Of The Ministry. (1873)

I

II

III

Chapter XIV. The Dissolution. (1874)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Book VII. 1874–1880

Chapter I. Retirement From Leadership. (1874–1875)

Chapter II. Vaticanism. (1874–1875)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

Chapter III. The Octagon

Chapter IV. Eastern Question Once More. (1876–1877)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter V. A Tumultuous Year. (1878)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter VI. Midlothian. (1879)

I

II

III

Chapter VII. The Eve Of The Battle. (1879)

I

II

Chapter VIII. The Fall Of Lord Beaconsfield. (1880)

I

II

III

Chapter IX. The Second Ministry. (1880)

II

III

IV

Appendix

Budget Of 1860

The Cabinet. 1860

Session Of 1860

Mr. Pitt's War Finance

French Commercial Treaty. 1860

Lord Aberdeen

Cabinet Of 1868–1874

Irish Church Bill

Board And Voluntary Schools

Views On A Classical Education

Position Of The Commander-In-Chief In Parliament

A Soldier At The War Office

Mr. Gladstone's Financial Legacy, 1869

Prince Albert, 1854

Parliamentary Crises

Cabinet Of 1880–1885

Chronology

Footnotes

VOLUME 3

Book VIII. 1880–1885

Chapter I. Opening Days Of The New Parliament. (1880)

I

II

III

Chapter II. An Episode In Toleration. (1880–1883)

I

II

Chapter III. Majuba. (1880–1881)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Chapter IV. New Phases Of The Irish Revolution. (1880–1882)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

Chapter V. Egypt. (1881–1882)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter VI. Political Jubilee. (1882–1883)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter VII. Colleagues—Northern Cruise—Egypt. (1883)

I

II

III

Chapter VIII. Reform. (1884)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter IX. The Soudan. (1884–1885)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

Chapter X. Interior Of The Cabinet. (1895)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter XI. Defeat Of Ministers. (May-June 1885)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter XII. Accession Of Lord Salisbury. (1885)

I

II

III

IV

Book IX. 1885–1886

Chapter I. Leadership And The General Election. (1885)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter II. The Polls In 1885. (1885)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter III. A Critical Month (December 1885)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter IV. Fall Of The First Salisbury Government. (January 1886)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter V. The New Policy. (1886)

I

II

III

IV

Chapter VI. Introduction Of The Bill. (1886)

I

II

V

Chapter VII. The Political Atmosphere. Defeat Of The Bill. (1886)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Book X. 1886–1892

Chapter I. The Morrow Of Defeat. (1886–1887)

I

II

III

Chapter II. The Alternative Policy In Act. (1886–1888)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

Chapter III. The Special Commission. (1887–1890)

I

II

III

IV

VI

Chapter IV. An Interim. (1889–1891)

I

II

III

IV

V

Chapter V. Breach With Mr. Parnell. (1890–1891)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

Chapter VI. Biarritz. (1891–1892)

I

II

III

Chapter VII. The Fourth Administration. (1892–1894)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Chapter VIII. Retirement From Public Life. (1894)

I

II

III

Chapter IX. The Close. (1894–1898)

I

II

III

IV

IV

Chapter X. Final

I

II

III

IV

V

Appendix

Irish Local Government, 1883. (Page 103)

General Gordon's Instructions. (Page 153)

The Military Position In The Soudan, April 1885. (Page 179)

Home Rule Bill, 1886. (Page 308)

On The Place Of Italy. (Page 415)

The Glasgow Peroration. (Page 492)

The Naval Estimates Of 1894

Mr. Gladstone's Cabinet Colleagues. (Page 525)

Chronology

Footnotes

Отрывок из книги

John Morley

Complete Edition (Vol. 1-3)

.....

27. Temple Bar, Feb. 1883.

28. Feb. 10, 1827.

.....

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