Оглавление
Julia Moor. Playing, Laughing and Learning with Children on the Autism Spectrum
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1. Why is Playing So Important?
Why is play so difficult for children with autism?
So what do we actually mean by play?
Using this book
Chapter 2. Early Playing Skills: Gaining Attention and Sharing Space. What does ‘sharing space’ mean?
The drive to avoid
How do you try to ‘share space’ with a child with autism?
Communication
Ideas to try
Moving on
Individual example: Andrew
What is Intensive Interaction?
Chapter 3. Structured Play. Why do children on the autism spectrum need structure?
What does ‘structuring play’ actually mean and how does it work?
Creating play opportunity – setting the stage
Breaking play down into tasks
Playing the magnetic fishing game
Applied behavioural analysis (ABA)
Structuring early learning
Individual example: Sam
Structuring the day – creating a visual diary
Introducing choice and flexibility
Chapter 4. Your Computer as a Valuable Resource
Free picture communication aids
www.speechteach.co.uk
www.childrenwithspecialneeds.com
http://trainland.tripod.com/pecs.htm
www.abaresources.com
www.do2learn.com
www.angelfire.com/pa5/as/asteachersites.html
Websites to explore emotions. www.transporters.tv
www.dotolearn.com/games/facialexpressions/face.htm
www.tulareselpa.org/Autism/Communication/EmotionRing.shtm
Video modelling. www.modelmekids.com
Website for schedules/calendars/tokens. www.abaresources.com
Websites for worksheets and craft activities. www.do2learn.com
www.tinsnips.org
www.enchantedlearning.com
www.learningpage.com
Websites for interactive games. www.abilitations.com
www.mousetrial.com
www.whychristmas.com
www.welltown.gov.uk
www.jambav.com
www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/games
www.bbc.co.uk/schools
Using interactive computer games with your child. Playing at the computer
Why are computer activities particularly useful for children with ASDs?
At what age should children be engaging with the computer?
How do I encourage awareness that I am part of the activity?
How long?
Adaptive hardware
Large Tracking Balls
Big key keyboards
Touch screen monitors
Visual prompts for computer use
Switch on and wait
Calm down
Save
Electronic books
Using digital photography to make activities
Picture bingo
Match the photo treasure hunt
Using digital photography to assist understanding and choice making
Meal choices
Your child and the digital camera
Windows Movie Maker
Dropping photos into printed Social Stories™
Chapter 5. Toys, Toys, Toys. Help – my child won’t play with his toys!
Reassessing existing toys: back to basics
Being organized
Picture prompts for playing
Getting started: ideas
Theme: houses
Theme: animals
Other ideas for themes
Individual example: Sally
Sources of toys
What to look for in appropriate toys
Separating toys into challengers and reinforcers
Modifying existing toys to remove stress
The importance of realism
Specific useful toys
Birthdays and Christmas
Chapter 6. Table-Top Games and Puzzles. What is a puzzle?
Getting started
Shapes
Introducing fun into table-top play
Colours
Matching games
Posting games
Simple jigsaws
Bricks
Threading
Categories
Memory Games
Chapter 7. Music. Saviour and enemy
Why music can be an enemy
Why music can be a saviour
Ideas to try at home
Introducing new sound
Listening and playing to music together
Relaxation
Scripts to rhythm – encouraging speech through song
How does this work in practice? – ideas
Dressing
Pointing
Singing spontaneous commentaries
Making your own music
Items to make
Using your music box. Imitation
Listening Games
Reducing background noise in the home
Auditory Integration Training
Chapter 8. Turn-Taking in Play. Theory of mind and social development
Why is turn-taking difficult for children on the autism spectrum?
Awareness of others: practical activities to help
Awareness of others’ thoughts: practical activities to help
Small beginnings: turn-taking with an adult
Turn-taking with peers and siblings
Aids to help turn-taking
Turn-taking in everyday life
Chapter 9. Physical Games and Activities. Sensory integration problems. What causes children with autism to have problems with balance and coordination, to be hyperactive or under-active and to be distressed by certain movements and textures?
Why include such detail on sensory processing in a chapter on physical games and activities?
Getting started
Ball games
Small ball play
Large hoop
Indoor ball pit
Large boxes
Making a tactile box
Imaginative uses for boxes
Human Jack-in-the-box
Puppet theatre
Trampoline
Indoor slide and balance beam
Cushions
Skittles
Other useful physical play toys
Chapter 10. Outdoor Play. Problems and solutions
Safety
The benefits of outdoor play
The need for structure
Getting started: games and activities
Pavement chalking
Throwing balls at targets
Sand play
Messy art
Balance and coordination games. Stepping stones
Balance beams
Outdoor adult role-play
Picnics
Big outdoor play equipment
Swings
Slides
Trikes, bikes and ‘sit-ons’
Trampolines
Tunnels, play tents and cubes
Tunnels
Play tents
Play cubes
Outdoor play in winter weather
Chapter 11. Water Play. Autism and water
Problems and solutions. Sensitivity to the feel of water on the skin
Water obsessions
Individual example: Katherine
Enjoying water play indoors
Bath-time play
Table-top water play
Outdoor water play
Swimming
Chapter 12. Television Potential. Television – why?
Common problems and possible solutions. Watching the same DVD/episode over and over again and being highly resistant to new ones
Insisting on watching DVDs on fast forward
Insisting on the TV being on constantly but not paying any real attention to it
Many uses for the camcorder
Video modelling
Chapter 13. Being Creative: Art and Craft. Why art?
The obstacles between art and your child
Gaining attention by being indirect
Getting started
Art ideas
Scissors and glue
Craft
Chapter 14. Creating Imaginative Play Sequences
What type of toys?
Simplicity
Realism
Familiarity
The right environment
Getting started
Building scripts
Individual example: Jonathan
Moving on
In summary
More suggestions for play sequences using ‘scripts’
I can’t draw!
Problems
This seems like so much effort!
Chapter 15. Introducing Books and Reading. The problems
Starting out: looking at books together
Individual example: Peter
Individual example: Fay
Ideas
Moving on: reading for meaning
Problems with reading for meaning
Story sequences and consequences
Goals
Observation, timing and preparation
Specific books to try
Popular characters
CD/book packages
Early literacy
Word recognition
Individual example: Lewis
Activities to develop language understanding. Verbs
Adjectives
Prepositions
Pronouns
Books written especially for children with autism
Finally
Chapter 16. Problems, Frustration and Tantrums: Making Play Enjoyable. Deal with your own frustration first!
Reducing stress whilst you play
Understanding
Structure
Interaction and communication
Indirect learning
Motivation
Timing
Preparation
Environment
Individuality
Flexible parenting for rigid children
Reassessing play skills: the need for goals
Enjoy your child
Bibliography
Therapeutic Options/Organizations
Recommended Reading
Websites for articles written by adults with autism
Toys and Suppliers
Index
