From Experience to Knowledge in ELT

Оглавление

Julian Edge. From Experience to Knowledge in ELT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART ONE. Familiarization

1. PEOPLE

Learners

Age

Education

Culture

Learning styles

Teachers

Teacher characteristics

Teacher roles

Summary

Questions and activities

2. LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESSES

Language learning

The learners’ task

Motivation

Language teaching

Two broad approaches

Five basic elements

Summary

Questions and activities

3. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

English and ‘Englishes’

Ownership

Attitude

Ability

Aspects of English

Lexis

Grammar

Functions

Discourse

Pronunciation

Summary

Questions and activities

4. MATERIALS

Published materials

Choosing a coursebook

The teacher’s book

Teacher-produced materials

Authentic materials

Student materials

Student-produced materials

Students as materials

The Internet as a source of materials

Summary

Questions and activities

5. ENVIRONMENT AND EQUIPMENT

The classroom

Furniture

The board

Technology

The overhead projector/computer presentations

Audio equipment

Video equipment

The interactive whiteboard

Computer laboratories

Virtual learning environments (VLEs)

Summary

Questions and activities

PART TWO. Action

6. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

Planning

Lesson plans

Interactions

Teacher to student(s)

Student(s) to student(s)

First language and second language

Summary

Questions and activities

7. FROM COMMUNICATION TO LANGUAGE

Tasks

Different types of task

Task-based learning

Other communicative activities

Projects

Role-plays and simulations

Games

Other communication-based methods

Summary

Questions and activities

8. FROM LANGUAGE TO COMMUNICATION

Introducing meaningful models of language

Elicitation

Presentation

Explanation

Conducting careful practice of the language

Organizing communicative interaction

Ways of teaching from language to communication

Correcting errors in language use

Summary

Questions and activities

9. IMPROVING LANGUAGE SKILLS

Receptive skills

Sources of authentic material

Motivation

Skills and strategies

Teaching reading skills

Teaching listening skills

Productive skills

Authentic sources and motivation

Skills and strategies

Integrated skills

Conversations and discussions

Summary

Questions and activities

10. TESTING

Types of test and how to use them

Purposes

Principles

Procedures

Cloze tests

Peer and self-assessment

Portfolios

Teaching and testing

Adapting to powers beyond your control

Coming to terms with failure

Summary

Questions and activities

11. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Reading

Cooperation

Exploration

Qualifications

The Certificate

The Diploma

Teacher Knowledge Test (TKT)

Masters

Summary

Questions and activities

KEY TO QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

GLOSSARY

SOURCES AND FURTHER READING

USEFUL ADDRESSES AND WEBSITES

Отрывок из книги

Photos reproduced with kind permission from: Agence France Presse 145 (traffic/Dominic Burke); Alamy 46 (mobile phone/D. Hurst); Corbis 144 (bristlecone pine/D.S. Robins), Cyclepods Ltd 118 (cycle stand); Getty Images 145 (old women/Z. Kulunzny), 151 (man with laptop/Bilderlounge), 58 (man at reception); Getty Images/Foodpix 95 (cooked prawns/Burke/Triolo Productions); Oxford University Press 145 (the OED image is reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press); Powerstock Superstock 144 (disaster); Roberstock.com 145 (plane/L. Smith); Jodi Waxman/OUP 95 (student visitor greeted), 95 (student visitor in bedroom).

Illustrations in extracts by: Stephan Conlin 58 (town plan); Phil Disley 148 (distracted driver), 110 (‘Welcome to Folkestone’); Martha Gavin 120 (noisy party neighbours); Harry Venning 94 (‘I look just like my father’). All other illustrations by Chris Pavely.

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The book is not tied down to any specific course or exam, but there is advice on classroom observation and on how to write about teaching, as well as explicit HIGHLIGHTING in the index of key concepts, as tested by the Cambridge ESOL Teacher Knowledge Test.

The expression, English Language Teaching, and its abbreviation, ELT, is used throughout the book to cover what is also referred to as Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL), and Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL).

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