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Julien Rebotier. Risks and the Anthropocene
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
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Guide
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Risks and the Anthropocene. Alternative Views on the Environmental Emergency
Foreword. Risks and the Anthropocene: A Look at the Environmental Emergency
Introduction. Risks and the Anthropocene Moment: Social Science Issues1
I.1. Risks renewed by the Anthropocene? I.1.1. Social science research and risk
I.1.2. The Anthropocene: a new moment for thinking about risks?
I.2. Defining the Anthropocene: ways of seeing, ways of thinking. I.2.1. A global framing by the Earth sciences
I.2.2. From controversies on the boundary… I.2.2.1. The steam engine, the Industrial Revolution and the Great Acceleration
I.2.2.2. A range of possible hypotheses
I.2.3. … to the strengthening of meta-narratives
I.2.4. Thinking about Anthropocenes from the social sciences
I.3. Risks and social sciences: well-identified obstacles and challenges that continue to be debated. I.3.1. The blind spot of development
I.3.2. Risks and the Anthropocene: updating or evacuating social science questions? I.3.2.1. Old themes that are still relevant
I.3.2.2. A still difficult introduction of the environment in society
I.4. Insights on risks in the Anthropocene era
I.5. References
PART 1. Toward Unprecedented Risks?
1. Coastal Risks: Coastlines Always Under Pressure
1.1. Introduction: environmental risks/natural risks
1.2. Desire for shores and climate change: the increase in coastal risks in the world in the 20th century
1.2.1. Coastal hazards and climate change: the interweaving of several spatial and temporal scales
1.2.2. Coastalization of population and activities, the main cause of coastal risks in the world
1.2.3. Coastal risks caused by the desire for shores
1.3. Systemic approach to the vulnerability of coastal territories
1.3.1. For an integrated and broadened conception of vulnerability
1.3.2. The systemic vulnerability of coastal areas in France
1.3.2.1. Hazards: part of the problem
1.3.2.2. The stakes: the heart of the problem
1.3.2.3. Representations: a main component often forgotten
1.3.2.4. Management: the lever of public policies
1.4. Interests and limits of the Anthropocene moment for thinking about coastal risks
1.4.1. The world as a place
1.4.2. Man, an actor with a strong influence on the environment
1.4.3. The protection of the natural environment at the heart of all issues
1.4.4. The use of nature as a compelling argument
1.4.5. A social utility?
1.5. References
2. Forest Fires in the Anthropocene: Issues of Scale
2.1. Introduction
2.2. The Anthropocene or the resurgence of questions about fire and firefighting. 2.2.1. Anthropocene or pyrocene? 2.2.1.1. On the punctual importance of fire control…
2.2.1.2. … to the systemic and globalized effects of combustion control
2.2.2. Understanding the increase in fire risk as a consequence of climate change. 2.2.2.1. From large-scale attention to the physical conditions and impact of fire…
2.2.2.2. … to the difficult explanation of the multicausality of fires on a smaller scale
2.3. Fire management in France: a renewed interest. 2.3.1. Integrating the climate problem into fire risk management in France: modeling and forecasting. 2.3.1.1. Management historically focused on the hazard
2.3.1.2. From climate change in hazard evolution to the multi-causality of fires
2.3.2. A recognized theme in the reflection on climate change. 2.3.2.1. A growing institutional and media echo
2.3.2.2. An explicit link between sectoral and global issues
2.4. Fires, climate change and territory: a mobilizing subject? 2.4.1. The perverse effects of over-efficient crisis management. 2.4.1.1. A strategy focused on the treatment of the hazard rather than the causes
2.4.1.2. The problematic decoupling of territorial dynamics and fire risk
2.4.1.3. On the ground, evanescent links with climate change
2.4.2. The competition of multiple risks. 2.4.2.1. The risk of fire overshadowed
2.4.2.2. Climate change and future risks: a selective recognition
2.5. Conclusion
2.6. References
3. Urban Climate: Agenda and Perspectives of a Climate Risk
3.1. An internationalized and interdisciplinary research topic. 3.1.1. How do we define urban climate?
3.1.2. Composite risks defined by climate change and urban climate
3.1.3. Internationalization and interdisciplinarity, two hallmarks of urban climatology today
3.2. Making urban climatology knowledge operational: a challenge for action. 3.2.1. Linking knowledge production and operational needs. 3.2.1.1. A long-standing but tenuous and growing interest
3.2.1.2. Some obstacles to this articulation
3.2.1.3. Putting climate change on the agenda, a window of opportunity to remove certain obstacles
3.2.2. Tools to facilitate management and applications. 3.2.2.1. Outline of an applied research horizon
3.2.2.2. Increasing efforts to integrate climate and urban planning knowledge
3.2.2.3. An update on mapping tools
3.2.3. The difficulties of operationalizing knowledge about urban climate risk
3.2.3.1. The scale of intervention
3.2.3.2. The weight of disciplinary segmentation, between research and action
3.2.3.3. The virtues of bottom-up processes: skills development and interdepartmental dissemination
3.3. Feedback of knowledge from the local to the global
3.4. References
PART 2. Recompositions for the Study and Management of Risks?
4. Permanence and Specificities of Risks and Their Management in the Anthropocene Era
4.1. The Anthropocene, paradox of a new era? 4.1.1. The multiplication of research programs and prevention policies in the age of the Anthropocene
4.1.2. A new word for old evils?
4.2. Restoration of mountain terrain: recompositions of policies centered on the correction of hazards. 4.2.1. The history of the RMT laws: fundamental similarities with the justifications of the Anthropocene
4.2.2. From the limits of RMT to risk management in the Anthropocene era
4.3. Knowing, telling and managing risks: levers and attributes of metropolitan power. 4.3.1. Metropolises and disaster risk prevention: the weight of Paris, Brussels, Strasbourg and Geneva
4.3.2. The weight of central power players in defining initiatives
4.3.3. From one century to the next, managing risks to justify the power structure?
4.4. The Anthropocene, an ideological amplifier of responsibility transfers?
4.4.1. Locally focused research programs and risk management policies
4.4.2. The importance of fully pursuing the critique so as to avoid becoming trapped by ideology
4.5. Back to the future: the Anthropocene as a new avatar of “creative destruction”?
4.6. References
5. The International World of Disasters: Beyond Reflexivity, Surpassing Naturalism?
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Localized disasters dealt with internationally
5.3. Disaster science: a naturalistic framework
5.4. Understanding nature in disasters
5.5. Denaturalizing disasters or the arrival of reflexivity
5.6. What framing at the international level?
5.7. Friction between climate and disaster risk reduction framing
5.8. Conclusion
5.9. References
6. The Difficult Birth of the Risk Society and the Relegation of Social Sciences
6.1. Introduction
6.2. The Risk Society, an ambiguous grand narrative
6.2.1. A prospective essay on social theory
6.2.1.1. Proliferation and reconfiguration of risks
6.2.1.2. Science and technology in question
6.2.1.3. Disqualification and rearrangement of the politics
6.2.1.4. Restructuring of the social
6.2.2. The ambiguities of the Risk Society
6.2.2.1. An eminently paradoxical statement
6.2.2.2. A fundamentally liberal approach
6.2.2.3. Forward thinking to be updated
6.3. Contrasting contributions of the social sciences
6.3.1. The evolution of the relationship to risk. 6.3.1.1. From the illusion of control to the recognition of uncertainty
6.3.1.2. From vulnerability to resilience
6.3.2. Unquestionable but little heard contributions to risk management. 6.3.2.1. Three meanings of social construction
6.3.2.2. The status of the event: an epistemological challenge
6.4. Social sciences caught in a world of constraints
6.4.1. The superiority of calculation over discourse
6.4.2. Financial conditions and problematic orientations
6.4.3. Between expectations of operationality and inaudible criticism
6.4.4. The imperative framing of the Anthropocene
6.5. Conclusion
6.6. References
PART 3. What Consequences for a Changing Modernity?
7. Understanding the Political Fabric and Effects of Ensemble Flood Forecasts in Europe1
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Modernity and the anticipation of risk
7.3. Numerical weather predictions and the emergence of forecasting the future
7.4. Flood forecasting, ensemble predictions and probabilistic risk management
7.5. The promises and pitfalls of risk-based flood risk management
7.6. Flood risk management in the Anthropocene moment
7.7. References
8. Toward a New Security Deal? Reflexive Modernity, a Complex Turn and Shift to Uncertainty
8.1. Introduction
8.2. From the globalization of threats to the resurgence of uncertainty
8.2.1. Globalization or mondialisation of environmental threats?1
8.2.2. Global threats, spatial and temporal telescoping
8.3. From risk to threat: when complexity produces uncertainty
8.3.1. Uncertainty, risk-taking and modernity
8.3.2. Risk and complexity
8.3.3. Global shift, uncertainty and reflexive modernity
8.4. The Anthropocene or the twilight of the modern project? 8.4.1. Risk and modern governmentality
8.4.2. Risk and political economy
8.4.3. Anthropocene uncertainty: failure or paradoxical reinforcement of modern governmentality?
8.5. Adaptation and resilience: transformative promise or conservative revolution?
8.6. Conclusion: an unprecedented collective challenge
8.7. References
9. The Imperative of Practical Wisdom in the Face of Anthropocene Emergencies: The Case of Climate Change1
9.1. Introduction
9.2. The main characteristics of practical wisdom
9.3. Industrial modernity and denial of the prudential imperative
9.4. Practical wisdom in the 21st century. 9.4.1. Reasons to doubt the relevance of this concept
9.4.2. The topicality of practical wisdom
9.5. The imperatives of practical wisdom. 9.5.1. Practical wisdom seen as a consequentialism
9.5.2. Practical wisdom versus polarized beliefs
9.5.3. The procedural requirements of rationality
9.6. Conclusion
9.7. References
Conclusion
C.1. Risk and the Anthropocene, a problematic connection
C.2. Relationships to be built in order to draw up research perspectives
C.3. Taking on the dual challenge of the environment and the social role
C.3.1. Writing at the time of COVID-19
C.3.2. The Anthropocene thought on a global scale, a force for homogeneity
C.3.3. Two diversionary effects of climate change and Anthropogenesis
C.3.4. Back to modernity
List of Authors
Index
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