New lands within the Arctic circle
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Julius Payer. New lands within the Arctic circle
New lands within the Arctic circle
Table of Contents
AUSTRIAN ARCTIC VOYAGES. INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. THE FROZEN OCEAN
CHAPTER II. NAVIGATION IN THE FROZEN OCEAN
CHAPTER III. THE PENETRATION OF THE REGIONS WITHIN THE POLAR CIRCLE; THE PERIOD OF THE NORTH-WEST AND NORTH-EAST PASSAGES
CHAPTER IV. THE INNER POLAR SEA
CHAPTER V. THE FUTURE OF THE POLAR QUESTION
CHAPTER VI. POLAR EQUIPMENTS
PIONEER VOYAGE OF ISBJÖRN
THE PIONEER VOYAGE OF THE “ISBJÖRN.”
VOYAGE OF THE “TEGETTHOFF.”
CHAPTER I. FROM BREMERHAVEN TO TROMSOE
CHAPTER II. ON THE FROZEN OCEAN
CHAPTER III. DRIFTING IN THE NOVAYA ZEMLYA SEAS
CHAPTER IV. THE “TEGETTHOFF” FAST BESET IN THE ICE
CHAPTER V. OUR FIRST WINTER (1872) IN THE ICE
CHAPTER VI. LIFE ON BOARD THE “TEGETTHOFF.”
CHAPTER VII. ICE-PRESSURES
CHAPTER VIII. THE WANE OF THE LONG POLAR NIGHT
CHAPTER IX. THE RETURN OF LIGHT.—THE SPRING OF 1873
CHAPTER X. THE SUMMER OF 1873
CHAPTER XI. NEW LANDS
CHAPTER XII. THE AUTUMN OF 1873.—THE STRANGE LAND VISITED
CHAPTER XIII. OUR SECOND WINTER IN THE ICE
CHAPTER XIV. SUNRISE OF 1874
CHAPTER XV. THE AURORA
THE EXPLORATION OF KAISER FRANZ-JOSEF LAND
CHAPTER I. THE EXPLORATION OF KAISER FRANZ-JOSEF LAND RESOLVED ON
CHAPTER II. OF SLEDGE TRAVELLING IN GENERAL
CHAPTER III. THE EQUIPMENT OF A SLEDGE EXPEDITION
CHAPTER IV. THE FIRST SLEDGE JOURNEY
CHAPTER V. THE COLD
CHAPTER VI. A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF KAISER FRANZ-JOSEF LAND
CHAPTER VII. THE SECOND SLEDGE EXPEDITION.—AUSTRIA SOUND
CHAPTER VIII. IN THE EXTREME NORTH
CHAPTER IX. THE RETURN TO THE SHIP
CHAPTER X. THE THIRD SLEDGE JOURNEY
“TEGETTHOFF” ABANDONED: RETURN TO EUROPE
CHAPTER I. LAST DAYS ON THE “TEGETTHOFF.”
CHAPTER II. ON THE FROZEN SEA
CHAPTER III. ON THE OPEN SEA
APPENDIX
I. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
II. DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND, FROM OBSERVATIONS ON BOARD THE “TEGETTHOFF.”
FOOTNOTES
INDEX
Отрывок из книги
Julius Payer
Narrative of the discoveries of the Austrian ship "Tegetthoff" in the years 1872-1874
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INDEX.
10. The tactics of a ship in the ice are guided entirely by the character of the hindrances to be overcome. If the ice-fields be large and heavy, they are then generally separated by broader water-ways and “leads,” and a ship may often amid such ice follow her course for hours with few deviations subject always to the danger of being “beset” and crushed. When the passage is blocked by a barrier of ice, the situation becomes grave and serious; for such fields are not to be displaced by any force which the ship may exert, and nothing is left to the navigator but to await their parting asunder in a position as sheltered as possible. When the ice is loose and the floes comparatively small, the impeding barriers may be charged by the ship. She may then force asunder some of these floes or separate them by the continuous pressure of steam-power. In cases of this kind, large vessels have the advantage, and can bring to bear a greater amount of pressure, whereas smaller ones stick fast and remain immovable. These accumulations of ice, while they make a “besetment” more likely, diminish the danger of pressure.
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