Samurai: Their Religion and Philosophy

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Kaiten Nukariya. Samurai: Their Religion and Philosophy

Samurai: Their Religion and Philosophy

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. HISTORY OF ZEN IN CHINA

1. Origin of Zen in India

2. Introduction of Zen into China by Bodhidharma

3. Bodhidharma and the Emperor Wu

4. Bodhidharma and his Successor the Second Patriarch

5. Bodhidharma's Disciples and the Transmission of the Law.31

6. The Second and the Third Patriarchs

7. The Fourth Patriarch and the Emperor Tai Tsung (Tai-so)

8. The Fifth and the Sixth Patriarchs

9. The Spiritual Attainment of the Sixth Patriarch

10. Flight of the Sixth Patriarch

11. The Development of the Southern and of the Northern School of Zen

12. Missionary Activity of the Sixth Patriarch

13. The Disciples under the Sixth Patriarch

14. Three Important Elements of Zen

15. Decline of Zen

CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF ZEN IN JAPAN

1. The Establishment of the Rin Zai67 School of Zen in Japan

2. The Introduction of the So-To School75 of Zen

3. The Characteristics of Do-gen, the Founder of the Japanese So To Sect

4. The Social State of Japan when Zen was established by Ei-sai and Do-gen

5. The Resemblance of the Zen Monk to the Samurai

6. The Honest Poverty of the Zen Monk and the Samurai

7. The Manliness of the Zen Monk and of the Samurai

8. The Courage and the Composure of Mind of the Zen Monk and of the Samurai

9. Zen and the Regent Generals of the Ho-Jo Period

10. Zen after the Downfall of the Ho-Jo Regency

11. Zen in the Dark Age

12. Zen under the Toku-gana Shogunate

13. Zen after the Restoration

CHAPTER III. THE UNIVERSE IS THE SCRIPTURE107 OF ZEN

1. Scripture is no More than Waste Paper

2. No Need of the Scriptural Authority for Zen

3. The Usual Explanation of the Canon

4. Sutras used by Zen Masters

5. A Sutra Equal in Size to the Whole World

6. Great Men and Nature

7. The Absolute and Reality are but an Abstraction

8. The Sermon of the Inanimate

CHAPTER IV. BUDDHA, THE UNIVERSAL SPIRIT

1. The Ancient Buddhist Pantheon

2. Zen is Iconoclastic

3. Buddha is Unnamable

4. Buddha, the Universal Life

5. Life and Change

6. Pessimistic View of the Ancient Hindus

7. Hinayanism and its Doctrine

8. Change as seen by Zen

9. Life and Change

10. Life, Change, and Hope

11. Everything is Living according to Zen

12. The Creative Force of Nature and Humanity

13. Universal Life is Universal Spirit

14. Poetical Intuition and Zen

15. Enlightened Consciousness

16. Buddha Dwelling in the Individual Mind

17. Enlightened Consciousness is not an Intellectual Insight

18. Our Conception of Buddha is not Final

19. How to Worship Buddha

CHAPTER V. THE NATURE OF MAN

1. Man is Good-natured according to Mencius.161

2. Man is Bad-natured according to Siun Tsz162 (Jun-shi)

3. Man is both Good-natured and Bad-natured according to Yan Hiung163 (Yo-yu)

4. Man is neither Good-natured nor Bad-natured according to Su Shih (So-shoku).164

5. There is no Mortal who is Purely Moral

6. There is no Mortal who is Non-Moral or Purely Immoral

7. Where, then, does the Error Lie?

8. Man is not Good-natured nor Bad-natured, but Buddha-natured

9. The Parable of the Robber Kih.167

10. Wang Yang Ming (O-yo-mei) and a Thief

11. The Bad are the Good in the Egg

12. The Great Person and Small Person

13. The Theory of Buddha-Nature adequately explains the Ethical States of Man

14. Buddha-Nature is the Common Source of Morals

15. The Parable of a Drunkard

16. Shakya Muni and the Prodigal Son

17. The Parable of the Monk and the Stupid Woman

18. 'Each Smile a Hymn, each Kindly Word a Prayer.'

19. The World is in the Making

20. The Progress and Hope of Life

21. The Betterment of Life

22. The Buddha of Mercy

CHAPTER VI. ENLIGHTENMENT

1. Enlightenment is beyond Description and Analysis

2. Enlightenment implies an Insight into the Nature of Self

3. The Irrationality of the Belief of Immortality

4. The Examination of the Notion of Self

5. Nature is the Mother of All Things

6. Real Self

7. The Awakening of the Innermost Wisdom

8. Zen is not Nihilistic

9. Zen and Idealism

10. Idealism is a Potent Medicine for Self-created Mental Disease

11. Idealistic Scepticism concerning Objective Reality

12. Idealistic Scepticism concerning Religion and Morality

13. An Illusion concerning Appearance and Reality

14. Where does the Root of the Illusion Lie?

15. Thing-in-Itself means Thing-Knowerless

16. The Four Alternatives and the Five Categories

17. Personalism of B. P. Bowne

18. All the Worlds in Ten Directions are Buddha's Holy Land

CHAPTER VII. LIFE

1. Epicureanism and Life

2. The Errors of Philosophical Pessimists and Religious Optimists

3. The Law of Balance

4. Life Consists in Conflict

5. The Mystery of Life

6. Nature Favours Nothing in Particular

7. The Law of Balance in Life

8. The Application of the Law of Causation to Morals

9. Retribution220 in the Past, the Present, and the Future Life

10. The Eternal Life as taught by Professor Munsterberg

11. Life in the Concrete

12. Difficulties are no Match for the Optimist

13. Do Thy Best and Leave the Rest to Providence

CHAPTER VIII. THE TRAINING OF THE MIND AND THE PRACTICE OF MEDITATION

1. The Method of Instruction Adopted by Zen Masters

2. The First Step in the Mental Training

3. The Next Step in the Mental Training

4. The Third Step in the Mental Training

5. Zazen, or the Sitting in Meditation

6. The Breathing Exercise of the Yogi

7. Calmness of Mind

8. Zazen and the Forgetting of Self

9. Zen and Supernatural Power

10. True Dhyana

11. Let Go of your Idle Thoughts.263

12. 'The Five Ranks of Merit.'

13. 'The Ten Pictures of the Cowherd.'275

THE FIVE RANKS.—-THE TEN PICTURES

14. Zen and Nirvana

15. Nature and her Lesson

16. The Beatitude of Zen

APPENDIX. ORIGIN OF MAN

PREFACE

ORIGIN OF MAN282. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I

REFUTATION OF DELUSIVE AND PREJUDICED (DOCTRINE)292

CHAPTER II

REFUTATION OF INCOMPLETE AND SUPERFICIAL (DOCTRINE)321

1. The Doctrine for Men and Devas

2. The Doctrine of the Hinayanists

3. The Mahayana Doctrine of Dharmalaksana.357

4. Mahayana Doctrine of the Nihilists

CHAPTER III

THE DIRECT EXPLANATION OF THE REAL ORIGIN376. 5. The Ekayana Doctrine that Teaches the Ultimate Reality

CHAPTER IV

RECONCILIATION OF THE TEMPORARY WITH THE REAL DOCTRINE389

TABLE OF THE TRANSMISSION OF ZEN FROM CHINA TO JAPAN

THE MAHAYANA-TRIPITAKA

VIRTUES.—-PRECEPTS

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Kaiten Nukariya

Study of Zen Philosophy and Discipline in China and Japan

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To this age belong almost all the eminent men of letters,52 statesmen, warriors, and artists who were known as the practisers of Zen. To this age belongs the production of almost all Zen books,53 doctrinal and historical.

To understand how Zen developed during some four hundred years after the Sixth Patriarch, we should know that there are three important elements in Zen. The first of these is technically called the Zen Number—the method of practising Meditation by sitting cross-legged, of which we shall treat later.54 This method is fully developed by Indian teachers before Bodhidharma's introduction of Zen into China, therefore it underwent little change during this period. The second is the Zen Doctrine, which mainly consists of Idealistic and Pantheistic ideas of Mahayana Buddhism, but which undoubtedly embraces some tenets of Taoism. Therefore, Zen is not a pure Indian faith, but rather of Chinese origin. The third is the Zen Activity, or the mode of expression of Zen in action, which is entirely absent in any other faith.

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