Viruses: More Friends Than Foes (Revised Edition)

Viruses: More Friends Than Foes (Revised Edition)
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Coronavirus, AIDS, and Ebola: Viruses are normally defined as pathogens. Most viruses are, however, not enemies or killers. Well-known virologist and cancer researcher Karin Moelling describes surprising insights about a completely new and unexpected world of viruses. Viruses are ubiquitous, in the oceans, our environment, in animals, plants, bacteria, in our body, even in our genomes. They influence our weather, can contribute to control obesity, and can surprisingly be applied against threatening multi-resistant bacteria. The success story of the viruses started more than 3.5 billion years ago in the dawn of life when even cells did not exist. They are the superpower of life. There are more viruses on earth than stars in the sky. Viruses are everywhere. Some of them are incredibly ancient. Many viruses are hundredfold smaller than bacteria, but others are tenfold bigger and they were discovered only recently &#x2014; the giant viruses, even deep within the permafrost where they were reactivated after 30,000 years.The author talks about a completely new world of viruses, which are based on the most recent, in part her own research results. Could viruses have been our oldest ancestors? Have viruses even 'invented' social behavior, do they lead to geniuses such as Mozart or Einstein &#x2014; or alternatively to cancer? They can help to cure cancer. In this book, the author made a clear distinction between what is fact and what is her vision. This book is written for a general audience and not just for the experts. Its aim is to stimulate thinking, and perhaps to attract more young scientists to enter this field of research.This revised edition is brought up to date by a new chapter on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. <b>Contents:</b> <ul><li>SARS-Coronavirus-2 Pandemic</li><li>Viruses &#x2014; Not as You Pictured Them</li><li>Viruses &#x2014; How They Make Us Ill</li><li>Retroviruses and Immortality</li><li>Viruses and Cancer</li><li>Viruses That Do Not Make Us Ill</li><li>Viruses &#x2014; 'Giant' as Cells</li><li>Viruses as Fossils</li><li>Viruses &#x2014; Our Oldest Ancestors?</li><li>Viruses and Antiviral Defense</li><li>Viruses and Phages for Survival?</li><li>Viruses for Gene Therapy</li><li>Viruses and the Future</li></ul><br><b>Readership:</b> All.Genome;Retrovirus;Gene Therapy;HIV;Viruses and Cancer;SARS-CoV-2;COVID-19 Pandemic00

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Karin Moelling. Viruses: More Friends Than Foes (Revised Edition)

Viruses

Viruses

Preface

Contents

1 SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic

“I got a cold”

Many coronaviruses except for CoV-2

Other epidemics as models

Comparisons

Measures taken

Viruses are opportunistic

Masks

Infection

Disease

History of SARS CoV-2

Origin of SARS-CoV-2

Influenza 1918

Testing

Antibodies

Herd immunization

Vaccination

Therapeutics

Viruses — more friends than foes?

2 Viruses — not as you pictured them

Viruses — a success story

After the Big Bang

Instead of Adam and Eve

In the beginning were viruses

Looking back

A sailor and splicing

Viruses — dead or alive?

3 Viruses — how they make us ill

Viruses wrote history

HIV as an example

The Berlin patient and the Mississippi baby — cure HIV?

No vaccine against HIV?

“Naked DNA”

Microbicides as “condoms” for women

Driving HIV into “suicide”

The origin and future of HIV

4 Retroviruses and immortality

Reverse transcriptase — a personal retrospective

The RNase H — molecular scissors

RNase H and embryos

Telomerase and eternal life

Viruses as cellular nuclei?

Viruses for detecting viruses — the PCR

5 Viruses and cancer

The Tasmanian devil

Retroviral oncogenes

The sarcoma saga

Viral oncogenes without viruses — a paradox?

Viruses and cancer

Strange fatalities

Retroviruses as teachers of cancer research

The Myc protein and reactor accidents

Tumor suppressors and car crashes

Metastases — and how cells learn to run

-Ome and -Omics

Cancer — completely different?

23andMe — will I get breast cancer?

Viruses and prostate cancer?

6 Viruses that do not make us ill

An ocean full of viruses

Phages — the viruses of bacteria

A coat for the painter and a journal for the scientist

We are not alone — we are a superorganism

Cesarean section, milk and a “sushi” gene

Viruses against global warming and laying eggs

A virus full of wasp genes — is that a virus?

Prions — can do without genes

7 Viruses — “giant” as cells

Giant viruses of algae and a swimming ban in the Baltic

Amoebae viruses can tickle

Sputnik — viruses of viruses

XXL-sized viruses — the pandoraviruses

Two Guinness world records: the biggest viruses in the biggest cells

Can viruses see?

Archaea like it hot and salty

8 Viruses as fossils

Viruses inherited

Phoenix from the DNA

How koalas survive deadly viruses

Paleovirology

Crippled viruses

Cancer or geniuses from viruses?

Who built the DNA — viruses?

“Mrs. Mendel’s” maize

Poisonous toys and epigenetics in Agouti mice

Sleeping beauty, ancient fish, platypus, and kois

A fence with empty spaces

ENCODE for understanding “junk-DNA”

9 Viruses — our oldest ancestors?

In the beginning was RNA

First chicken or egg? — Neither nor!

Viroids — the first viruses?

Viroids — illiterate all-rounders

Circles of RNA

Ribosomes are ribozymes — viruses make proteins!

Clover leaves

A protein as chaperone

From potato to the liver

Tobacco mosaic viruses

Viruses in “chili sauce” and my apple tree

Tulipomania: the first financial crisis caused by a virus

The 500 Deutschmark note with MS Merian

10 Viruses and antiviral defense

Fast and slow defense

No color by silent genes

Inheritable immune system in bacteria — and what about us?

Therapies imitating antiviral defense — CRISPR/Cas9

From horseshoe crabs and worms for immunization

Viruses and psyche

11 Viruses and phages for survival?

The forgotten phages

Bean sprouts poisoned by phages

Which is dirtier, the refrigerator or the toilet?

The “Zurich Case” on fecal transfer

How to fight obesity

The Dutch Famine study

Elba worms outsource digestion

Ecosphere in a glass ball

12 Viruses for gene therapy

Viruses against viruses

A leaky door, Lipizzan horses, sheikhs — and publish or perish

“Mosquito vaccination” against viruses

Viruses for therapy of plants

Can viruses save the chestnut trees and bananas?

Fungi have sex instead of viruses

Stem cells — almost tumor cells?

Hydra’s new head

13 Viruses and the future

Synthetic biology — dog or cat out of the test-tube?

Which came first — the virus or the cell?

Fast-runners and slow-progressors

Monsters in the test-tube

Lucky so far — but what about the end of the world?

“Social” viruses

A fantastic new “genetics” with sex hormones

Viruses for predicting the future?

Glossary

References

Illustrations Credit

Index

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More Friends Than Foes

Revised Edition

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Amoebae viruses can tickle

Sputnik — viruses of viruses

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