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Kathleen Lynch. Care and Capitalism
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Care and Capitalism. Why Affective Equality Matters for Social Justice
Copyright Page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Neoliberal Capitalism
Creating a Care-Centric Narrative
Building on the Work of Mothers and Others
The Text
Notes
1 Care and Capitalism: Matters of Social Justice and Resistance
Neglect of Affective Relations
Ontological impediments to recognizing affective relations
Affective Equality
Neoliberal Capitalism, Inequality and Care
The anti-care culture of neoliberal politics
Domination and carelessness: pre-capitalist antecedents
Ideological matters
Conclusion: Contradictions, Residuals and Resistances
Affective relations of love, care and solidarity: unincorporated residuals
Notes
2 Care as Abject: Capitalism, Masculinity, Bureaucracy, Class and Race
Patriarchy and Capitalism Interface
Racialized care
Patriarchy: historical considerations
The role of ideas in legitimating subordination
Hegemonic masculinity
Men Leading Capitalism
The material dividend of patriarchy
The gender order of caring in families
Bureaucracy, Hierarchy and the State
Women in Bureaucratic Organizations
Being a Man
Care as Abject
Denigration of care and domestic labour
Abjection and capitalism
Conclusion
Notes
3 Making Love: Love Labour as Distinctive and Non-Commodifiable
Introduction
Love as Other in the Academy
Making Love Commercial
Love in the Context of Care
Love Labouring as Distinctive
The professional love dimension of secondary care relations
Why Love Matters and Is Not Commodifiable
Conclusion
Notes
4 Time to Care
On Time
Hands-On Care as Process and Practice: A View from Primary Care Studies. Care, time and values
The time it takes
Bureaucracy, Time and Care
Capitalism and Time
Capitalism and Speed
Neoliberal Capitalism and Care Time
Speeding Up Care
Technology and Care Time
Assistive Technologies of Care
Mining Care Data for Profit: Affective Computing
Migration and the Geographies of Time for Care
Conclusion
Notes
5 Liberalism, Care and Neoliberalism
Methodological Individualism
The Limits of Liberalism Reformism
Groups and Group Identities
Liberalism Accepting Structural Inequalities
Intersectionality of Inequalities: Why They Matter for Care
Processes of acquiring social goods as sites of injustice
The Public, the Private and the Politics of Care
Conclusion
Notes
6 Individualism and Capitalism: From Personalized Salvation to Human Capitals
Individualism in Historical Context
Individualism in Europe
Individualism within the European Christian Tradition
The Individual as Human Capital
Capital’s mobile individual
The Political Imaginary of Homo Economicus in Education
Care-Free and Technologically Assisted
The Independent Citizen
The Care Contradictions of Capitalism
Conclusion
Notes
7 Care-Harming Ideologies of Capitalism: Competition, Measurement and Meritocratic Myths
Ideology
Comparing and Ordering
Competition
Judgement and harm
Competition: the moral and psychic impact
Numbering enabling competition
Metrics Undermining Care, an Immeasurable
Equality of Opportunity and Meritocracy
Creating a culture of arrogance and blame
Conclusion
Notes
8 The Violation of Non-Human Animals
Violation
The Anthropocentrism of Language
Care of Non-Human Animals and Social Justice
Distributive Justice, Missing Animals
Ethicists, Welfarists and Animal Rights
Moral Indifference to Violence against Non-Human Animals
Guilt
Capitalism and the Abuse of Animals
Conclusion: Learning Not to Care for Non-Human Animals
Notes
9 Violence and Capitalism
Violence, Care and the Separation of Spheres
Forms of Violence
Violating the Impoverished
Capitalism and Violence
The Violence of Allowing People to Die
The State and Violence
Capitalism Building on Other Injustices: Race and Violence
Capitalism and Gender-Based Violence
Sex industry violence
Conclusion
Notes
10 Resisting Intellectually, Politically, Culturally and Educationally
The Contradictions of Care and Capitalism
Capitalism’s Internal Contradictions
Resisting Capitalism
Affective Relational Resistances and Refusals
Education and Resistance to Capitalism
Notes
Postscript: Care Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Privileged Ignorance
Touch, Presence and the Limits of Technology
Death in Care Homes: Questions on the Corporatization of Care
The Pandemic: A Care- and Rights-Based Perspective on Justice
Notes
References
Index
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Kathleen Lynch
I also want to express my appreciation to the many universities that invited me to speak on affective equality and social justice in recent years, as these visits both enriched and challenged my thinking: the Autonomous University of Barcelona, City University of New York, Glasgow Caledonian University, the WISE Centre for Economic Justice, the Havens-Wright Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Universities of Linköping and Örebro, Sweden, University of Melbourne, University of Macedonia in Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Oulu, Finland, University of Oxford, UK, Peking University, Beijing, and University of Siegen, Germany.
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The first part of the book is devoted to examining care matters inside and outside capitalism. Because being vulnerable and needy is defined as a sign of weakness in pre-market (Nussbaum 1995a) as well as market societies (Fraser and Gordon 1997), the work of caring for needy and dependent others is not regarded as citizenship-defining (Sevenhuijsen 1998; Lister 2003). It is lowly work undertaken with lowly people. Chapter 2 explores how women, as society’s default carers (and carers generally), are made abject by association. The devaluation of care, especially hands-on care and the hands-on manual labour that is intrinsic to it, and the devaluation of women are not just inextricably linked; the devaluation of care is a major generative reason why women are disrespected and undervalued within and without capitalism.
As the production and reproduction of social classes require care labour, both the care of people, and of those parts of nature that are available for exploitation and commodity production (Patel and Moore 2018), to get this work completed, capitalism builds on and exacerbates pre-existing gendered care exploitations (Dalla Costa and James 1972; Folbre 1994, 2020; Federici 2012), in classed and racialized ways (Duffy 2005, 2011).
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