Оглавление
Kent E. Calder. Global Political Cities
Preface
1. Introduction
Previous Conceptualization: Literature Review
The Concept of Global Political City
Rising Role of Cities in International Political Affairs
The Many Faces of Global Political Cities
Cities as Catalysts for Policy Ideas
Cities as Global Forum Sites
Cities as Stages for Grassroots Political Action
Civic Leaders as Global Leaders
State, Community, and the Evolution of Global Political Cities
Analytical Ambitions of This Book
The Volume in Overview
Central Questions for Exploration and Dataset
Methodology
Hypotheses for Consideration
In Conclusion
2. From City to Nation-State in World Affairs
Early Strength of Cities
Trade as a Catalyst
Cosmopolitan Cities of the Middle Ages
Mounting Challenges for City-States
Toward the Westphalian Age
In Conclusion
3. An Informatics Sea Change
A Worldwide Transformation
Declining Transaction Costs
Social Applications Proliferate
Financial Transformation and the Knowledge Imperative
Expansion of the Professional Knowledge Industry
Sovereignty at Bay
Geopolitical Shocks
The Post–Cold War Transition and Complex Interdependence
Information Revolution and the Emerging Global City Role
Deepening Transregional Intercity Networks
In Conclusion
4. Technology, Finance, and the Changing Nation-City Equation
A Tale of Two Cities
The Importance of Professional Services
LONDON: Activist Global City amid National Decline
The Finance-Information Linkage Is Born
Losing an Empire but Gaining the World
The Birth of London Nongovernmental Organization Politics
The Euromarkets Emerge: Challenge to U.S. Global Hegemony
Growth of the Information Sector
The Big Bang and Beyond
Ideas for the Global Political Economy: Capitalizing on Diversity
Deepening Role as Global Policy Agenda-Setter
NEW YORK CITY: Powerful Financial Markets Spawning a Global Political Role
New York Finance and Global Agenda-Setting
Deepening the Finance-Information Linkage
PARIS: The Consequences of State Dominance in Technology and Finance
TOKYO: Deepening Synergies among Technology, Policy, and Finance
In Conclusion
5. Penumbras of Power in Global Political Cities
Idea Industry Structure: Comparative Perspectives
Washington, Beijing, and Brussels: Penumbra Development in Key Global Policy Centers
WASHINGTON, DC: Imperial Capital or Pluralistic Mediator?
Deepening Decentralization
Receptivity to Transnational Influence
BEIJING: A Compartmentalized and State-Dominated Global Political City
Beijing’s Distinctive Penumbra of Power
Beijing’s Olympic-Era Transformation
The Origins of Penumbra
The Checkered Course of Pluralism
BRUSSELS: An Emerging Washington?
The Heritage of History: Creating a Cosmopolitan Identity
Brussels Embraces Multilateralism
A Cross-Pressured Community
Interest Representation in Brussels
The Rising Role of Think Tanks
Contrasts to Washington
In Conclusion
6. Political Forums and the Transformation of Global Affairs
Political Forum versus Penumbra of Power
Forums Come in Many Shapes and Sizes
Three Critical Issues for Consideration
GENEVA: Global Haven for NGOs and Multilateralism
Geneva Emerges as a Global Political Forum
SINGAPORE: Quintessential Forum City, Remote from Global Power Centers
Counter Cases: Where Success Is More Elusive
CAIRO: A Declining Global City
SEOUL: Global Forums and Network Synergies
HANGZHOU: Rising amid Constraints
In Conclusion
7. Urban Grassroots and the Global Agenda
THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA: Creative Global Laboratory for Grassroots Activism
Explaining Bay Area Globalism and Policy Innovation
HONG KONG: Activist Citizenry Confronting Constrained Local Authority
SEOUL: Emerging Civil Society and Its Global Agenda-Setting Role
In Conclusion
8. Civic Leadership Shaping the World
Global Activism of Civic Leaders
Climate Action
Sustainable Economic Growth
Public Security
Global Disarmament
Transportation
Welfare Policy
Immigration
Future Prospects for the Global Role of Mayors
Urban Self-Government
Leadership Paradigms for the Future
Deepening Transnational Support Networks for Local Leaders
NEW YORK CITY: Mayoral Leadership Magnifying a Global Role
Municipal Leadership and Global Action
SINGAPORE: Smart City
HONG KONG: Opportunities and Constraints Confronting Leadership
LONDON: Proactive Mayors and an Expanding Global Policy Role
TOKYO: Recent Transformation and Rising Local Global Activism
Priority to International Finance
Developing a Global Network
SEOUL: Strategic Global Political City Aspirant
In Conclusion
9. Conclusion
Problems for Analysis
Methods of Exploration
Key Findings and Their Relation to Analytical Ambitions
Explicating the Concept of Global Political City
Explaining How and Why Global Political Cities and Their International Functions Are Changing
Exploring the Institutional Role of Research and Agenda-setting Institutions (“Idea Industries”) as Catalysts for Global Civic-Policy Influence
Understanding Global Agenda-Setting
Comprehending Contemporary Global Governance Prospects
Critiquing Realist Theory
Returning to Exploratory Hypotheses
Future Prospects
Implications for the International Political Economy
Omissions and Rationale for Exclusion
Issues for Future Research
In Conclusion
Notes. Preface
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Selected Bibliography
Index
